MANGANESE (II) SULFATE MONOHYDRATE

Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of manganese(II) sulfate. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate has a role as a nutraceutical. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is a hydrate, a manganese molecular entity and a metal sulfate. 

CAS:    10034-96-5
MF:    H2MnO5S
MW:    169.02
EINECS:    600-072-9

Synonyms
Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate, extra pure, USP, BP;Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate, reagent grade, ACS;Manganese Sulfate (1 g) (AS);manganese(2+)sulfatemonohydrate;Manganese,monosulfate,monohydrate;sulfuricacid,manganese(2+)salt(1:1),monohydrate;MANGANOUS SULPHATE 1-HYDRATE;MANGANOUS SULFATE, MONOHYDRATE

Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate contains a manganese(II) sulfate.
Odorless pale red slightly efflorescent crystals or light pink powder. 
pH (5% solution) 3.7.
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is a hydrated inorganic compound with the chemical formula MnSO4·H2O. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate's a manganese salt, often used in various applications including as a micronutrient in plant and cell culture, a component in fertiliser, and in the production of manganese and manganese dioxide. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate also finds use in dry-cell batteries and as a colourant in dyes. 
Manganese(II) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4·H2O. This pale pink deliquescent solid is a commercially significant manganese(II) salt. 
Approximately 260,000 tonnes of manganese(II) sulfate were produced worldwide in 2005. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is the precursor to manganese metal and many other chemical compounds. 
Manganese-deficient soil is remediated with this salt.
Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate acts as a colorant in dyes. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is used in the preparation of manganese and manganese dioxide. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate finds application for remediation of manganese-deficient soil. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is also used in dry-cell batteries.

Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate, with the chemical formula MnSO4·H2O, is a pale pink solid that plays a critical role in various industrial and research applications, primarily due to its high solubility in water and its role as a source of manganese ions. 
Manganese is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, and this compound is frequently used in the agricultural sector as a fertilizer to correct manganese deficiencies in soil, which are common in many types of acidic soils. 
In the field of metallurgy, manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate is used in the preparation of manganese metal by electrolysis, serving as a precursor for the electrolyte. 
This application is crucial for producing high-purity manganese, which is essential for manufacturing stainless steel and other alloys. 
Additionally, in chemical research, manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate is utilized as a reagent in various syntheses and reactions. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate acts as a catalyst or a catalytic precursor in the synthesis of fine chemicals, where the manganese ion facilitates oxidation-reduction reactions. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is also employed in laboratories for preparing manganese-based catalysts and for studies in coordination chemistry, where researchers explore the coordination behavior of manganese ions with various organic and inorganic ligands, providing insights into complex formation and reaction mechanisms.

Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 700 °C
Boiling point: 850 °C
density: 2.95
bulk density: 1000-1200kg/m3
refractive index: 1.508-1.522
storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility: 5-10 g/100 mL at 21°C
form: Solid
color: Pink
Odor: Odorless
PH: 3.0-3.5 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: 5-10 g/100 mL at 21 ºC
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5739
Exposure limits    ACGIH: TWA 0.02 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
OSHA: Ceiling 5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 500 mg/m3; TWA 1 mg/m3; STEL 3 mg/m3
InChI: 1S/Mn.H2O4S.H2O/c;1-5(2,3)4;/h;(H2,1,2,3,4);1H2/q+2;;/p-2
InChIKey: ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: -1.031 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 10034-96-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate (10034-96-5)

Structure
Like many metal sulfates, Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate forms a variety of hydrates: monohydrate, tetrahydrate, pentahydrate, and heptahydrate. 
All of these salts dissolve in water to give faintly pink solutions of the aquo complex [Mn(H2O)6]2+. 
The structure of MnSO4·H2O has been determined by X-ray crystallography. 
The tetrahydrate also features Mn(II) in an O6 coordination sphere provided by bridging two sulfate anions and four aquo ligands.

Applications and production
Typically, manganese ores are purified by their conversion to Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate. 
Treatment of aqueous solutions of the sulfate with sodium carbonate leads to precipitation of manganese carbonate, which can be calcined to give the oxides MnOx. 
In the laboratory, manganese sulfate can be made by treating manganese dioxide with sulfur dioxide:

MnO2 + SO2 + H2O → MnSO4(H2O)

Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate can also be made by mixing potassium permanganate with sodium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide.
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is a by-product of various industrially significant oxidations that use manganese dioxide, including the manufacture of hydroquinone and anisaldehyde.

Electrolysis
Electrolysis of Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate reverses the above reaction yielding manganese dioxide, which is called EMD for electrolytic manganese dioxide. 
Alternatively oxidation of manganese sulfate with potassium permanganate yields the so-called chemical manganese dioxide (CMD). 
These materials, especially EMD, are used in dry-cell batteries.

Natural occurrence
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate minerals are very rare in nature and always occur as hydrates. 
The monohydrate is called szmikite; the tetrahydrate is called ilesite; the pentahydrate is called jōkokuite; the hexahydrate, the most rare, is called chvaleticeite; and the heptahydrate is called mallardite.

Uses    
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is a source of manganese that functions as a nutrient and dietary supplement. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate exists as a powder which is readily soluble in water.
Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate is used as a colorant in dyes, fertilizers, animal feeds and red glazes on porcelain. 
Further, Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is used in paints, ceramics, nutrient and dietary supplement. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is involved in the preparation of manganese dioxide. 
In addition, Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate serves as a precursor to manganese metal and other manganese compounds.
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is used to produce manganese by an electrolytic process. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is used for dyeing textiles; for producing red glazes on porcelain; in varnish driers; in fertilizers; and in animal feeds to provide manganese as an essential trace element.

Preparation    
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is prepared by prolonged heating of any manganese salt with concentrated sulfuric acid. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is produced commercially from pyrolusite (MnO2) or rhodochrosite (MnCO3). 
Either mineral is dissolved in sulfuric acid and the solution evaporated:

MnO2 + H2SO4 → MnSO4 + H2O + ½ O2

Alternatively, manganese dioxide is heated strongly with dehydrated iron(II) sulfate:

2MnO2 + 2FeSO4 → 2MnSO4 + Fe2O3 + ½ O2

Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate, prepared by methods involving evaporation of manganese salt with sulfuric acid, is the tetrahydrate, MnSO4•4H2O. 
The tetrahydrate on gentle heating produces monohydrate, MnSO4•H2O.
Also, Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is a by-product in the manufacture of hydroquinone. 
The process involves reaction of aniline with manganese dioxide in sulfuric acid, followed by the removal of quinone by steam distillation under vacuum.

2C6H5NH2 (aniline) + 5H2SO4 + 4MnO2 → 2C6H4O2 + 4MnSO4 + 2C6H4O2 + 4MnSO4(quinone)

The unreacted acid is neutralized by lime, treated with water, and the solution filtered to separate any excess MnO2 and insoluble residues. 
Evaporation of the filtrate yields a crude product containing about 80% MnSO4 and 15% (NH4)2SO4.
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate also may be produced by the action of sulfur dioxide with manganese dioxide:

MnO2 + SO2 → MnSO4

Biochem/physiol Actions    
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate has various industrial applications such as dyeing, porcelain glazing, and the manufacture of fertilizers and boiling oils. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate is used as a source of manganese ion in biological research, such as in culturing of Bacillus licheniformis and the induction of chromosomal abnormalities in plants. 
Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate has been utilized to investigate the enzyme dependent glycosylation of endogenous glycoproteins in human skeletal muscle.