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Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 surfactant properties allow it to reduce the surface tension between ingredients in formulations, improving the stability of emulsions (mixtures of oil and water).
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is also used in ophthalmic formulations to stabilize and solubilize active ingredients, making it an important component in eye drops and other topical solutions.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 has been used in protein formulations, as it can prevent protein aggregation during storage and maintain the stability of biologic products.
CAS Number: 9003-11-6
Molecular Formula: (C3H6O.C2H4O)x
Molecular Weight: 102.13
EINECS Number: 618-355-0
Synonyms: Pluronic F-127, 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy]ethanol, 721929-01-7, Therabloat (TN), Pluronic P123, pluronic P-123, Poloxalene (USP/INN), DSSTox_CID_27597, DSSTox_RID_82442, DSSTox_GSID_47597, SCHEMBL94032, CHEMBL3561695, CHEBI:53515,DTXSID10860036, Tox21_302499, NCGC00256777-01, 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethyloxy)propoxy]ethanol, CAS-9003-11-6, D05547, A843415, 2,2'-[Propane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]di(ethan-1-ol)BLOCK COPOLYMER OF POLYETHYLENE AND POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL;Poloxamer;POLOXAMER 184 NF;Polypropylene-polyethylene glycol: (Pluronic L-81);PEG-PPG-PEG;Pluronic(R) L64, Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol), Poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol);Synperonic(R) PE/L64;POLOXAMER 181 NF.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 generally occur as white, waxy, free-flowing prilled granules, or as cast solids.
They are practically odorless and tasteless.
At room temperature, poloxamer 124 occurs as a colorless liquid.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is a specific formulation of Poloxamer 188, which is a type of non-ionic surfactant and a member of the Poloxamer family.
Poloxamers, also known as Pluronics, are block copolymers made from the combination of hydrophilic (water-loving) polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) polypropylene glycol (PPG) segments.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188, specifically, consists of a structure with two polyethylene glycol blocks (hydrophilic) connected by a polypropylene glycol block (hydrophobic), which allows it to possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
This dual characteristic makes it useful in a wide range of applications, particularly in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and industrial fields.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is a nonionic block linear copolymer that exhibits rheologic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inammatory, and cytoprotective activities in various tissue injury models.
Composed of two hydrophilic side-chains attached to a hydrophobic center core, its average molecular weight is 8400 Daltons.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 has been approved by the FDA for more than 50 years as a therapeutic agent to reduce viscosity in the blood before transfusions.
Due to its sufactant properties, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 may also be found in over-the-counter (OTC) products such as toothpaste, laxatives and mouthwash, and used in various cosmetic, industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
There is an evidence of Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 increasing the structural stability and resealing of the plasma membrane via direct incorporation into the phospholipid bilayer.
The ability of Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 in attenuating membrane damage and cell injury has been demonstrated in a variety of in vivo and in vitro models.
The use of POLOXAMER 188 as a potential treatment in dierent pathological conditions, such as chronic microvascular diseases and skeletal muscle deciencies, is under investigation.
Because of their amphiphilic structures, the polymers have surfactant properties that make them useful in industrial applications.
Among other things, they can be used to increase the water solubility of hydrophobic, oily substances or otherwise increase the miscibility of two substances with dierent hydrophobicities.
For this reason, these polymers are commonly used in industrial applications, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
They have also been evaluated for various drug delivery applications and were shown to sensitize drug-resistant cancers to chemotherapy.
In bioprocess applications, poloxamers are used in cell culture media for their cell cushioning eects because their addition leads to less stressful shear conditions for cells in reactors.
When mixed with water, concentrated solutions of poloxamers can form hydrogels.
These gels can be extruded easily, acting as a carrier for other particles, and used for robocasting.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188, which may be a trademarked or specific product variant, is often used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant, emulsifier, or stabilizer for formulations that require solubilizing agents or to improve the bioavailability of drugs.
It is commonly found in injectable drug formulations and can be used to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, making them more readily absorbed in the body.
This ability to solubilize hydrophobic substances is due to the amphiphilic nature of the poloxamer, where the hydrophilic parts of the molecule interact with water and the hydrophobic parts interact with lipid-soluble substances, helping to disperse the drug in a solution.
In addition to its role in drug delivery, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is also used in cosmetic products due to its ability to stabilize emulsions and improve the texture and spreadability of creams, lotions, and gels.
Its role as a stabilizer in cryopreservation of cells and tissues is also notable, as it can prevent ice crystal formation during freezing, which could otherwise damage cellular structures.
Although Poloxamer 188 is generally considered to be safe for use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, it is essential to carefully monitor its concentrations in formulations.
Excessive amounts of surfactants like Poloxamer 188 can sometimes cause skin irritation or other adverse effects, particularly for sensitive individuals.
Furthermore, Poloxamer 188 is used in various biotechnological and research applications to stabilize enzymes, proteins, and other biologically active compounds.
Its capacity to prevent protein aggregation and protect delicate biological molecules from environmental stress makes it an important additive in protein formulation and storage.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 can also help reduce the likelihood of denaturation and help maintain the protein's functional activity during freeze-thaw cycles, an essential feature for biopharmaceutical production and storage.
Another promising application of Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is in gene therapy.
In these applications, Poloxamer 188 is used in the preparation of nanoparticles that deliver genetic material into cells.
Its surfactant properties facilitate the formation of stable and effective gene delivery systems, enhancing the transfection efficiency of genetic material into target cells.
This application is crucial in the development of treatments for genetic disorders, as it enables the precise delivery of therapeutic genes directly to the cells that need them most.
In the realm of cosmetics and personal care, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 has shown significant promise as a skin conditioning agent and emulsifier.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is commonly used in lotions, creams, and serums, where its hydrating and soothing properties are beneficial for sensitive skin.
Its inclusion in cosmetic formulations helps improve the texture of the products, making them smoother and easier to apply, and also enhances the stability of emulsions by preventing the separation of oil and water components.
In particular, its ability to create a pleasant, smooth feel on the skin is a feature that is highly sought after in the cosmetic industry.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is sometimes used as a component in surfactant-based cleaners and detergents, where it can help solubilize oils and other substances, enabling the effective removal of dirt and grease.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is particularly useful in the formulation of medical and surgical cleaning products due to its non-toxic and gentle nature.
Despite its many benefits, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188's important to note that some individuals may experience sensitivities to Poloxamer 188, particularly in high concentrations.
This is why careful formulation and testing are essential, especially in pharmaceutical and dermatological products.
Additionally, the stability of formulations containing Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 should be monitored under various environmental conditions, as factors like temperature and pH can influence its behavior and the overall stability of the formulation.
Melting point: 57-61 °C
Boiling point: >200 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.095 g/mL at 25 °C
Bulk density: 1050 kg/m³
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: <0.3 mm Hg (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.466
Flash point: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: H2O: at <70 °C soluble
Form: solution
Color: APHA: ≤120, 50/50 in CH3OH
pH Range: 5.0 - 7.5
pH: 5.0-7.5 (100g/L in H2O)
Biological source: synthetic
Viscosity: 850 cP (25°C Brookfield) (lit.)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.3
λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.2
Merck: 13,7644
LogP: -1.293 (est)
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is a copolymer surfactant. Poloxamer 188 exhibits antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities in various tissue injury models.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 can be used to treat sickle cell disease in children and adults.
It has also been shown to be protective against ischaemic injury, cardiomyopathy and cerebral haemorrhage.
Poloxamers are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients.
They are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers.
They are also used in topical dosage, forms and rectal suppositories.
The common available grades are; poloxamer 68, 88, 98, 108, 124, 188, 237, 338, and 407.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is a versatile and valuable compound, utilized across a variety of industries due to its unique ability to solubilize, stabilize, and emulsify, playing an essential role in modern drug delivery systems, cosmetic formulations, and biotechnological applications.
Poloxamer polymers are prepared by reacting propylene oxide with propylene glycol to form polyoxypropylene glycol. Ethylene oxide is then added to form the block copolymer.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is increasingly recognized for its multi-functional properties, which extend beyond its use as a pharmaceutical excipient.
Its unique amphiphilic structure not only makes it a valuable solubilizer for poorly water-soluble drugs but also a key component in various high-tech medical applications.
In addition to enhancing the solubility of hydrophobic compounds, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is extensively employed in the creation of liposomal drug delivery systems.
Liposomes are small spherical vesicles made of lipid bilayers that encapsulate drugs, protecting them from degradation and allowing for targeted delivery to specific tissues or organs.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188’s ability to stabilize liposomal formulations while enhancing the drug's solubility plays a crucial role in the development of novel drug delivery technologies, especially in cancer therapy, where the precise targeting of cancer cells is critical for effective treatment while minimizing side effects.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 seals stable defects in cell membranes induced by skeletal muscle cell membranes rupture induced by ischemiareperfusion injury, electroporation, irradiation, and heat damage.
The full mechanism of action of Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 in inducing cytoprotective eects is not clear; however, based on in vitro experiments and the structural similarity to plasmalemma, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 may be directly incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer to attenuate the extent of tissue injury.
Its high surface activity facilitates Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 to be inserted into lipid monolayers.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is proposed to exert localized actions by only interacting with damaged and compromised bilayers where the local lipid packing density is reduced.
In addition to the direct interaction with the membrane, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 was shown to inhibit MMP-9 protein levels and activity, as well as the NF-κb signal pathway, in the model of acute cerebral ischemia, which is associated with increased BBB permeability leading to cerebral edema and increased penetration.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188's versatility across multiple sectors makes it an indispensable ingredient in drug delivery systems, cosmetic formulations, biotechnological applications, and even cleaning products.
Its wide array of uses stems from its remarkable amphiphilic properties, which allow it to interact with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances, making it an essential compound in modern science and industry.
The future of Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 seems promising, with continued research exploring new applications, particularly in advanced drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and nanotechnology.
Storage:
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188-polypropylene glycol is stable materials.
Aqueous solutions are stable in the presence of acids, alkalis, and metal ions. However, aqueous solutions support mold growth.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.
Uses:
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 hard and soft surface cleaners, defoamers in coatings and water treatment.
Lubricant in metal working, anti-foaming aid and extender for linear and cross-linked polyesters and polyurethanes.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is nonionic polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene copolymers used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifying or solubilizing agents.
The polyoxyethylene segment is hydrophilic while the polyoxypropylene segment is hydrophobic.
All of the Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is chemically similar in composition, differing only in the relative amounts of propylene and ethylene oxides added during manufacture.
Their physical and surface-active properties vary over a wide range and a number of different types are commercially available; Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is used as emulsifying agents in intravenous fat emulsions, and as solubilizing and stabilizing agents to maintain the clarity of elixirs and syrups.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 may also be used as wetting agents; in ointments, suppository bases, and gels; and as tablet binders and coatings.
Poloxamer 188 has also been used as an emulsifying agent for fluorocarbons used as artificial blood substitutes, and in the preparation of solid-dispersion systems.
More recently,Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol has found use in drug-delivery systems.
Therapeutically, poloxamer 188 is administered orally as a wetting agent and stool lubricant in the treatment of constipation; it is usually used in combination with a laxative such as danthron. Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol may also be used therapeutically as wetting agents in eye-drop formulations, in the treatment of kidney stones, and as skin wound cleansers.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 and 407 are used in solutions for contact lens care.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is used in research settings to stabilize enzymes and other sensitive biologically active substances, providing a protective environment that helps maintain their functionality during experiments.
Its versatility in stabilizing proteins, enzymes, and other compounds has made it a critical component in many research and laboratory protocols, particularly in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is a liquid surfactant polymer.
Pyrethroid-based pesticide for use in mosquito control.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is a versatile and widely used compound with various applications across different industries, thanks to its unique amphiphilic nature.
In the pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields, it is primarily used as an excipient in drug formulations to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, making them more bioavailable when administered to patients.
Its ability to solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs improves the overall effectiveness of the medication, ensuring that the active ingredients are properly absorbed by the body.
Additionally, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is often employed in the creation of liposomal drug delivery systems, where it helps stabilize liposomes—tiny, spherical vesicles used to deliver drugs in a controlled and targeted manner, thereby improving the precision of drug delivery and minimizing side effects.
Furthermore, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 plays a significant role in gene therapy, where it is incorporated into formulations that facilitate the delivery of genetic material into cells.
Its surfactant properties allow it to form stable nanoparticles that can encapsulate the genetic material, improving the efficiency of transfection and enhancing the success of gene therapy treatments.
This is particularly valuable in treating genetic disorders by enabling precise and controlled delivery of therapeutic genes directly to the affected cells, a critical advancement in personalized medicine.
In addition to its use in pharmaceuticals, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is also applied extensively in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
It serves as an emulsifier, stabilizing oil and water mixtures in creams, lotions, and serums, preventing the separation of ingredients and ensuring the consistency of the product.
Its hydrating and soothing properties are particularly beneficial for sensitive skin, and its ability to improve the texture of cosmetic products makes it a sought-after ingredient in skin care formulations.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 helps enhance the spreadability and smoothness of lotions, creating a pleasant sensory experience for users.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is also used in various medical and health-related products.
In wound care, it is employed as part of cleansing solutions for cleaning and debriding wounds, where its ability to dissolve fats and debris aids in the healing process.
Additionally, its mild surfactant properties make it an ideal component in cleaning and disinfecting medical devices, particularly in formulations for cleaning surgical instruments.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188s non-toxic and gentle nature ensures that it can be used safely in a medical context, minimizing irritation or harm to patients.
In the field of nanotechnology, Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is used to create nanoparticles that deliver not only drugs but also diagnostic agents, helping improve imaging techniques in medical diagnostics.
The ability of Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 to stabilize nanoparticles and enhance the solubility of diagnostic compounds increases the effectiveness and accuracy of imaging processes like MRI and PET scans.
This capability supports the ongoing development of more sophisticated diagnostic technologies.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is also used in the formulation of surfactant-based cleaners and detergents, particularly in the removal of oils and greases from surfaces.
Its ability to solubilize hydrophobic substances allows for more efficient cleaning, which is crucial in industrial, medical, and household applications.
In cleaning products, its mildness makes it suitable for use in environments where harsh chemicals would be inappropriate, such as in medical settings or for cleaning delicate equipment.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 has been studied for its potential in improving the stability of protein-based therapeutics.
By preventing protein aggregation and denaturation, it helps maintain the integrity of therapeutic proteins, ensuring that they remain effective during storage and use.
This is particularly important in the biopharmaceutical industry, where the preservation of the efficacy of protein-based drugs is a key concern.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188’s broad range of applications across pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, cosmetics, nanotechnology, and cleaning products makes it an invaluable ingredient in many advanced formulations.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188s ability to solubilize drugs, stabilize drug delivery systems, and improve product texture and stability has solidified its place as a key excipient in drug development and personal care products.
As research continues to explore new uses, its potential in novel therapeutic approaches, especially in gene therapy and nanomedicine, holds great promise for the future.
Safety Profile:
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is used in a variety of oral, parenteral, and topical pharmaceutical formulations, and are generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials.
Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 is not metabolized in the body.
Animal toxicity studies, with dogs and rabbits, have shown Mikroprilli Poloxamer 188 to be nonirritating and nonsensitizing when applied in 5% w/v and 10% w/v concentration to the eyes, gums, and skin.
In a 14-day study of intravenous administration at concentrations up to 0.5 g/kg/day to rabbits, no overt adverse effects were noted.
A similar study with dogs also showed no adverse effects at dosage levels up to 0.5 g/kg/day.
In a longer-term study, rats fed 3% w/w or 5% w/w of poloxamer in food for up to 2 years did not exhibit any significant symptoms of toxicity.
However, rats receiving 7.5% w/w of poloxamer in their diet showed some decrease in growth rate.
No hemolysis of human blood cells was observed over 18 hours at 25°C, with 0.001–10% w/v poloxamer solutions.
