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Monobutyl Tin Oxide is used as plastic stabilizer raw material, organic tin intermediate, esterification catalyst and electrophoretic electrodeposition coating catalyst.
Monobutyl Tin Oxideis synthesized by reacting monobutyltin trichloride with Na2CO3 in the presence of ammonia.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is synthesized by the reaction of monobutyltin trichloride and Na2CO3 in the presence of ammonia water.
CAS Number: 2273-43-0
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2Sn
Molecular Weight: 208.83
EINECS Number: 218-880-1
Synonyms: Stannane, butylhydroxyoxo-, Butylstannonic acid, Butylstannoic acid, Butyltin hydroxide oxide, Butylhydroxyoxostannane, 1-Butanestannonic acid, Butylhydroxytin oxide, Mono-N-butyltin oxide, UNII-G34WDA7Z2E, HYDROXYBUTYLTIN OXIDE, EINECS 218-880-1, G34WDA7Z2E, NSC 96391, NSC 179724, NSC-96391, NSC-179724, DTXSID2062298, DTXCID2036742, 2273-43-0, butyl-hydroxy-oxotin, n-Butyltinhydroxideoxide, N-BUTYLTIN HYDROXIDE OXIDE, Butylenestannonic Acid, BuSnOOH, hydroxy-butyltin oxide, butyl(hydroxy)stannanone, monobutylhydroxytin oxide, NCIOpen2_007164, SCHEMBL379522, butyl-oxidanyl-oxidanylidene-tin, WIHMDCQAEONXND-UHFFFAOYSA-M, NSC96391, MFCD00013927, NSC179724, AKOS009158906, M0744, NS00048486, EN300-36326, E75889, A816330, Q2727868, BUTYLENESTANNONIC ACID, BUTYLTINHYDROXIDE-OXIDE, BUTYLTIN(IV) HYDROXIDE OXIDE, BUTYLSTANNOIC ACID, N-BUTYLSTANNOIC ACID, N-BUTYLTIN HYDROXIDE OXIDE, N-BUTYLTIN SESQUIOXIDE, 1-butanestannonicacid
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is mainly used as a catalyst for the production of saturated polyester resin for powder coating, coil (steel) coating, insulating paint, etc., and a catalyst for the production of unsaturated polyester resin, used as a raw material for plastic stabilizer, organic tin intermediate, catalyst for esterification reaction, and catalyst for electrophoretic electrodeposition coating.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is a chemical compound derived from organotin chemistry, meaning it combines both inorganic tin atoms and organic butyl groups.
Its general formula is often represented as BuSnOOH, where “Bu” stands for the butyl group.
This structure allows the molecule to act both like a metallic compound, capable of catalytic action, and like an organic molecule, compatible with carbon-based materials such as plastics and resins.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is usually found as a white or off-white crystalline powder, which is stable under room conditions but may decompose when exposed to strong heat, acids, or oxidizing agents.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is an organotin compound that consists of a tin atom chemically bonded to a butyl group, an oxygen atom, and a hydroxyl group.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide generally appears as a white crystalline or powdery solid that is stable under normal conditions but must be handled with care due to its toxicological properties.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is widely recognized for its role as a specialized industrial chemical, especially in polymer and plastics manufacturing. One of its most important functions is as a catalyst in esterification and transesterification reactions, where it helps to accelerate chemical processes involved in producing polyesters, alkyd resins, and other synthetic materials.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is also used as a heat stabilizer for PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and related polymers, preventing them from degrading under the effects of heat and light during processing and long-term use.
Despite these valuable applications, Monobutyl Tin Oxide must be regarded as a hazardous substance, since organotin compounds are known to be toxic to humans and the environment.
Exposure can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, and prolonged contact may negatively affect the nervous and immune systems.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is also highly toxic to aquatic organisms, making its environmental release a significant concern.
For these reasons, its production, handling, and disposal are usually carried out under strict safety and regulatory controls.
Another critical area of application for Monobutyl Tin Oxide is in the plastics industry, especially in the processing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). During heating and molding, PVC materials tend to degrade, releasing hydrochloric acid and losing their mechanical properties.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide acts as a heat and light stabilizer, protecting the polymer from thermal decomposition and making the final product more durable, long-lasting, and resistant to environmental stress.
This makes Monobutyl Tin Oxide particularly valuable in the production of cables, pipes, flooring, and other PVC-based materials.
However, despite its technological benefits, Monobutyl Tin Oxide is regarded as a hazardous chemical due to the toxic effects of organotin compounds.
Exposure to Monobutyl Tin Oxide may cause skin and eye irritation, as well as respiratory discomfort if inhaled. More concerning is that prolonged or repeated exposure can potentially affect the immune system, nervous system, and reproductive health, depending on the level and duration of contact.
In addition, Monobutyl Tin Oxide is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, which means that accidental release into rivers, lakes, or oceans can cause long-term damage to ecosystems.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is a powerful industrial catalyst and stabilizer with significant importance in the production of plastics, coatings, and polymers.
However, its toxic nature and environmental persistence make it a chemical that must be handled with great caution, under strict regulatory control.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is a good example of a substance that provides technological benefits but also raises serious environmental and health challenges.
Melting point: 210 °C,
Boiling point: 350 °C,
Density: 1.46 g/cm³,
Vapor pressure: 24.4 Pa at 25 ℃,
Storage temp.: Store below +30 °C,
Solubility: 9.5 mg/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃,
Form: Powder to crystal,
Specific gravity: 1.46,
Color: White to almost white,
Water solubility: 317–3200 μg/L at 20 ℃,
Hydrolytic sensitivity: 4 (no reaction with water under neutral conditions),
Sensitive: Hygroscopic,
LogP: 0.2–1.477 at 20–25 ℃.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is a specialized inorganic-organic hybrid compound that belongs to the family of organotin chemicals, which are substances where tin atoms are bonded with organic groups such as alkyl or aryl chains.
In this particular case, the tin atom is attached to a butyl group, along with oxygen and hydroxyl components, giving it both metallic and organic characteristics.
Because of this unique structure, Monobutyl Tin Oxide displays properties that make it highly useful in industrial chemistry but at the same time raise serious concerns regarding its health and environmental safety.
In industrial practice, Monobutyl Tin Oxide is primarily used as a catalyst in chemical reactions that involve the transformation of alcohols and acids into esters, a process that is central to the production of polymers, coatings, and synthetic resins.
For example, in the manufacture of polyesters and alkyd resins, MBTO helps speed up reactions, increases efficiency, and provides better control over product quality.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is also employed in the synthesis of polyurethanes, where it plays an important role in ensuring proper curing and cross-linking of the polymer network.
Because of these risks, the production, use, and disposal of Monobutyl Tin Oxide are subject to strict international safety regulations.
Workers handling Monobutyl Tin Oxide are typically required to use protective clothing, gloves, and respiratory equipment, and facilities using it must follow environmental control measures to prevent accidental emissions or leaks.
In many countries, the use of MBTO is carefully monitored or restricted, especially in consumer products, due to growing awareness of the dangers associated with organotin compounds.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is an amorphous white solid phase transfer catalysts.
Monobutyl Tin Oxideis hydrolytically stable and can be used in the synthesis of saturated polyester resins for powder coatings and coil coatings, as well in the production of unsaturated polyester resins for gel-coat, sheet molding, and cast molding applications.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide might be used also to produce polymeric plasticizers.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is used primarily to catalyze esterification and polycondensation reactions at temperature between 210°C and 240°C (stable up to 250°C).
Monobutyl Tin Oxide begins to solubilize in carboxylic acid at 80°C during the reaction and becomes incorporated into the final product without affecting the quality of the product.
For this reason Monobutyl Tin Oxide does not require neutralization or filtration at the end of production.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide can significantly shorten esterification times, offers energy savings due to lower reaction temperatures, with a consequent more efficient use of equipment.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide minimizes side reactions such as dehydration and oxidative degradation of polyhydric alcohols, especially secondary alcohols.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide can be charged up front with other reactants, and requires no special handling other than avoiding excessive exposure to moisture.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is a white powder with the chemical formula C₄H₁₀O₂Sn.
It is a non-corrosive organotin compound used in synthesizing saturated polyester for powder coatings, insulating varnishes, and coil coatings.
Additionally, people refer to Monobutyltin Oxide by other names, including butylhydroxostannane, butylstannonic acid, and butylhydroxytin oxide.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is one of numerous organometallic compounds manufactured by American Elements under the trade name AE Organometallics.
Monobutyl Tin Oxides are useful reagents, catalysts, and precursor materials with applications in thin film deposition, industrial chemistry, pharmaceuticals, LED manufacturing, and others.
American Elements supplies organometallic compounds in most volumes including bulk quantities and also can produce materials to customer specifications.
Most materials can be produced in high and ultra high purity forms (99%, 99.9%, 99.99%, 99.999%, and higher) and to many standard grades when applicable including Mil Spec (military grade), ACS, Reagent and Technical Grades, Pharmaceutical Grades, Optical, Semiconductor, and Electronics Grades.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide plays a critical role in industrial chemistry because of its strong ability to act as a catalyst.
In the esterification process, where acids and alcohols are combined to form esters, Monobutyl Tin Oxide provides a faster reaction rate and greater product yield.
This property makes it valuable in the production of alkyd resins (used in paints, varnishes, and coatings), polyesters (used in fibers, plastics, and films), and polyurethanes (used in foams, adhesives, and elastomers).
In addition to catalysis, Monobutyl Tin Oxide is used as a stabilizer in polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Without stabilizers, PVC becomes brittle and releases corrosive gases when heated during processing.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide helps to neutralize these byproducts, protect polymer chains, and extend the lifetime of PVC materials.
As a result, it is commonly used in cables, wires, pipes, flooring materials, packaging, and construction products.
Another specialized application is in silicone curing and in the cross-linking of certain polymer systems, where MBTO helps achieve the desired hardness, elasticity, or resistance to environmental factors.
Uses:
Monobutyl Tin Oxide can also be used to improve the resistance of other polymers and resins to environmental stress, such as high temperatures, oxidation, and light exposure.
By slowing down degradation processes, it allows manufacturers to create materials that maintain their mechanical strength, color, and performance for a longer period of time, which is especially important in outdoor or industrial environments where products are exposed to harsh conditions.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is suitable for the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is suitable for the production of unsaturated polyester resin.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is suitable for the production of polymeric plasticizer.
Monobutyltin Oxide is mainly used as a catalyst in the production of saturated polyester resins such as powder coatings, coil (steel) coatings, and insulating varnishes, and as a catalyst in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, Monobutyltin Oxide is used as a raw material for plastic stabilizers, an organic tin intermediate, an esterification reaction catalyst, and an electrophoretic electrodeposition coating catalyst.
Plastic stabilizer raw materials, polyurethane catalysts, organotin intermediates, esterification catalysts, electrophoretic electrodeposition coating catalysts.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is widely used as a catalyst in esterification and transesterification reactions, which are chemical processes that combine acids and alcohols to produce esters, or exchange parts of esters with alcohols.
These reactions are fundamental in the manufacture of polyesters, alkyd resins, and synthetic oils, and the presence of Monobutyl Tin Oxide helps the reactions proceed more efficiently, at lower temperatures, and with higher yields, which makes industrial production faster, cheaper, and more sustainable.
Because of its catalytic activity, Monobutyl Tin Oxide plays a central role in the creation of alkyd resins, which are important in paints, varnishes, and surface coatings, and in the formation of polyesters, which are widely used in packaging films, textiles, and engineering plastics.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is also applied in the production of polyurethanes, where MBTO assists in the chemical cross-linking that provides the final material with its desired strength, elasticity, and durability.
One of the most significant uses of Monobutyl Tin Oxide is as a heat and light stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and related plastics.
PVC, when exposed to high heat during processing or molding, tends to degrade and release hydrochloric acid, which weakens the polymer chains and causes discoloration or brittleness.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide prevents this degradation by neutralizing the byproducts and stabilizing the polymer structure, making PVC-based products such as pipes, wires, flooring, and construction materials much more durable and reliable.
In addition to PVC, Monobutyl Tin Oxide is sometimes incorporated into other polymer systems to extend their lifetime under conditions of heat, light, and mechanical stress.
By acting as a stabilizer and protector, it helps manufacturers produce materials that are more resistant to wear, aging, and environmental exposure, which is especially valuable for applications that demand long-term performance.
Beyond its major roles in catalysis and stabilization, Monobutyl Tin Oxide is used in smaller but specialized areas such as silicone curing, where it helps control the curing process to achieve desired hardness or flexibility, and in the preparation of certain organotin derivatives that are later used for industrial or research purposes.
One of the most important uses of Monobutyl Tin Oxide is as a catalyst in the production of polyesters and alkyd resins, which are materials that form the basis of many industrial coatings, varnishes, adhesives, and surface treatments.
During these reactions, Monobutyl Tin Oxide helps speed up the chemical process, ensures that the final products have a consistent molecular structure, and allows manufacturers to operate at lower temperatures, which saves energy and improves efficiency.
Because of this, paints and coatings made with MBTO-catalyzed resins often have improved gloss, hardness, and resistance to environmental damage.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide also plays an essential role in the manufacture of polyurethanes, which are versatile materials used in foams, elastomers, adhesives, sealants, and coatings.
In these systems, MBTO works as a catalyst that controls the curing and cross-linking reactions of the polymer.
By influencing the speed and structure of these reactions, it helps to create foams with uniform cell structures, elastomers with excellent flexibility, and adhesives with strong bonding properties.
Without catalysts like MBTO, these reactions would proceed much more slowly and produce materials with less desirable qualities.
Perhaps the most well-known application of Monobutyl Tin Oxide is its use as a stabilizer for PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
PVC is a widely used plastic in construction, packaging, automotive parts, and electrical insulation, but it has a natural tendency to break down when exposed to heat or ultraviolet light.
This degradation leads to discoloration, brittleness, and the release of hydrochloric acid, which can further damage the material.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide acts as a stabilizer by binding with and neutralizing the acidic byproducts, protecting the polymer chains, and thereby significantly increasing the thermal and UV stability of PVC products.
Thanks to stabilizers like MBTO, PVC can be safely used in pipes, window profiles, cable insulation, vinyl flooring, and other long-lasting applications.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is also employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds, which themselves may have uses as catalysts, stabilizers, or specialty additives.
In this way, Monobutyl Tin Oxide serves not only as a direct functional chemical but also as a building block for creating other valuable industrial chemicals.
In certain industries, Monobutyl Tin Oxide is used in the curing of silicone polymers, where it helps to control the rate and extent of cross-linking, giving the final product its desired elasticity, hardness, or flexibility.
This is important in applications such as sealants, protective coatings, and insulating materials, where the performance of the silicone depends on precise curing conditions.
Safety Profile:
A poison by intravenous route, when heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Monobutyl Tin Oxide is classified as a toxic organotin compound, which means that even relatively small amounts can cause harmful effects if they enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.
Direct contact with the powder or dust can cause irritation to the skin and eyes, leading to redness, burning sensations, or temporary damage.
If inhaled, it may irritate the respiratory tract, producing symptoms such as coughing, sore throat, shortness of breath, or chest tightness, and in more severe cases, it may cause inflammation of the lungs.
Accidental ingestion can result in stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and because tin compounds may be corrosive, damage to the gastrointestinal lining is possible.
Repeated or long-term exposure to Monobutyl Tin Oxide can have more serious consequences, since organotin compounds are known to interfere with metabolic and cellular processes in humans.
Prolonged exposure may affect the immune system, reducing the body’s ability to fight infections, and it may also impact the nervous system, potentially causing headaches, dizziness, fatigue, or in some cases neurological dysfunction.
Some studies suggest that long-term exposure to organotins can affect the endocrine and reproductive systems, which means they may interfere with hormone balance, fertility, and development.
Because Monobutyl Tin Oxide is absorbed through both inhalation and skin contact, workers in industries using the substance are at the highest risk if protective measures are not strictly followed.
