Quick Search
EC / List no.: 203-473-3
CAS no.: 107-21-1
Monoethylene Glycol is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations.
Monoethylene Glycol is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid.
Production
Industrial routes
Monoethylene Glycol is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the intermediate ethylene oxide.
Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce Monoethylene Glycol according to the chemical equation:
C2H4O + H2O → HO−CH2CH2−OH
This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures.
The highest yields of Monoethylene Glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water.
Under these conditions, Monoethylene Glycol yields of 90% can be achieved.
The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol.
The separation of these oligomers and water is energy-intensive.
About 6.7 million tonnes are produced annually.
A higher selectivity is achieved by use of Shell's OMEGA process.
In the OMEGA process, the ethylene oxide is first converted with carbon dioxide (CO2) to ethylene carbonate.
This ring is then hydrolyzed with a base catalyst in a second step to produce mono-ethylene glycol in 98% selectivity.
The carbon dioxide is released in this step again and can be fed back into the process circuit.
The carbon dioxide comes in part from the ethylene oxide production, where a part of the ethylene is completely oxidized.
Biological routes
The caterpillar of the Greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, has gut bacteria with the ability to degrade polyethylene (PE) into Monoethylene Glycol.
Historical routes
According to most sources, French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1817–1884) first prepared Monoethylene Glycol in 1856.
He first treated "ethylene iodide" (C2H4I2) with silver acetate and then hydrolyzed the resultant "ethylene diacetate" with potassium hydroxide.
Wurtz named his new compound "glycol" because Monoethylene Glycol shared qualities with both ethyl alcohol (with one hydroxyl group) and glycerin (with three hydroxyl groups).
In 1859, Wurtz prepared Monoethylene Glycol via the hydration of ethylene oxide.
There appears to have been no commercial manufacture or application of Monoethylene Glycol prior to World War I, when Monoethylene Glycol was synthesized from ethylene dichloride in Germany and used as a substitute for glycerol in the explosives industry.
In the United States, semicommercial production of Monoethylene Glycol via ethylene chlorohydrin started in 1917.
The first large-scale commercial glycol plant was erected in 1925 at South Charleston, West Virginia, by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. (now Union Carbide Corp.).
By 1929, Monoethylene Glycol was being used by almost all dynamite manufacturers.
In 1937, Carbide started up the first plant based on Lefort's process for vapor-phase oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide.
Carbide maintained a monopoly on the direct oxidation process until 1953 when the Scientific Design process was commercialized and offered for licensing.
Uses
Coolant and heat-transfer agent
The major use of Monoethylene Glycol is as an antifreeze agent in the coolant in for example, automobiles and air-conditioning systems that either place the chiller or air handlers outside or must cool below the freezing temperature of water.
In geothermal heating/cooling systems, Monoethylene Glycol is the fluid that transports heat through the use of a geothermal heat pump.
The Monoethylene Glycol either gains energy from the source (lake, ocean, water well) or dissipates heat to the sink, depending on whether the system is being used for heating or cooling.
Pure Monoethylene Glycol has a specific heat capacity about one half that of water.
So, while providing freeze protection and an increased boiling point, Monoethylene Glycol lowers the specific heat capacity of water mixtures relative to pure water.
A 1:1 mix by mass has a specific heat capacity of about 3140 J/(kg·°C) (0.75 BTU/(lb·°F)), three quarters that of pure water, thus requiring increased flow rates in same-system comparisons with water.
The formation of large bubbles in cooling passages of internal combustion engines will severely inhibit heat flow (flux) from the area, so that allowing nucleation (tiny bubbles) to occur is not advisable.
Large bubbles in cooling passages will be self-sustaining or grow larger, with a virtually complete loss of cooling in the area.
With pure MEG (mono-ethylene glycol) the hot spot will reach 200 °C (392 °F).
Cooling by other effects such as air draft from fans (not considered in pure nucleation analysis) will assist in preventing large-bubble formation.
The mixture of Monoethylene Glycol with water provides additional benefits to coolant and antifreeze solutions, such as preventing corrosion and acid degradation, as well as inhibiting the growth of most microbes and fungi.
Mixtures of Monoethylene Glycol and water are sometimes informally referred to in industry as glycol concentrates, compounds, mixtures, or solutions.
Anti-freeze
Pure Monoethylene Glycol freezes at about −12 °C (10.4 °F) but, when mixed with water, the mixture freezes at a lower temperature.
For example, a mixture of 60% Monoethylene Glycol and 40% water freezes at −45 °C (−49 °F).
Diethylene glycol behaves similarly.
The freezing point depression of some mixtures can be explained as a colligative property of solutions but, in highly concentrated mixtures such as the example, deviations from ideal solution behavior are expected due to the influence of intermolecular forces.
There is a difference in the mixing ratio, depending on whether Monoethylene Glycol is Monoethylene Glycol or propylene glycol.
For Monoethylene Glycol, the mixing ratios are typically 30/70 and 35/65, whereas the propylene glycol mixing ratios are typically 35/65 and 40/60.
Monoethylene Glycol is important that the mixture be frost-proof at the lowest operating temperature.
Because of the depressed freezing temperatures, Monoethylene Glycol is used as a de-icing fluid for windshields and aircraft, as an antifreeze in automobile engines, and as a component of vitrification (anticrystallization) mixtures for low-temperature preservation of biological tissues and organs.
The use of Monoethylene Glycol not only depresses the freezing point of aqueous mixtures, but also elevates their boiling point.
This results in the operating temperature range for heat-transfer fluids being broadened on both ends of the temperature scale.
The increase in boiling temperature is due to pure Monoethylene Glycol having a much higher boiling point and lower vapor pressure than pure water, as is typical with most binary mixtures of volatile liquids.
Precursor to polymers
In the plastic industry, Monoethylene Glycol is an important precursor to polyester fibers and resins. Polyethylene terephthalate, used to make plastic bottles for soft drinks, is prepared from Monoethylene Glycol.
Other uses
Dehydrating agent
Monoethylene Glycol is used in the natural gas industry to remove water vapor from natural gas before further processing, in much the same manner as triethylene glycol (TEG).
Hydrate inhibition
Because of its high boiling point and affinity for water, Monoethylene Glycol is a useful desiccant.
Monoethylene Glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates (hydrates) in long multiphase pipelines that convey natural gas from remote gas fields to a gas processing facility.
Monoethylene Glycol can be recovered from the natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after purification treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.
Natural gas is dehydrated by Monoethylene Glycol.
In this application, Monoethylene Glycol flows down from the top of a tower and meets a rising mixture of water vapor and hydrocarbon gases.
Dry gas exits from the top of the tower. The glycol and water are separated, and the glycol recycled.
Instead of removing water, Monoethylene Glycol can also be used to depress the temperature at which hydrates are formed.
The purity of glycol used for hydrate suppression (monoethylene glycol) is typically around 80%, whereas the purity of glycol used for dehydration (triethylene glycol) is typically 95 to more than 99%.
Moreover, the injection rate for hydrate suppression is much lower than the circulation rate in a glycol dehydration tower.
Applications
Minor uses of Monoethylene Glycol include the manufacture of capacitors, as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of 1,4-dioxane, as an additive to prevent corrosion in liquid cooling systems for personal computers, and inside the lens devices of cathode-ray tube type of rear projection televisions. Monoethylene Glycol is also used in the manufacture of some vaccines, but Monoethylene Glycol is not itself present in these injections.
Monoethylene Glycol is used as a minor (1–2%) ingredient in shoe polish and also in some inks and dyes.
Monoethylene Glycol has seen some use as a rot and fungal treatment for wood, both as a preventative and a treatment after the fact.
Monoethylene Glycol has been used in a few cases to treat partially rotted wooden objects to be displayed in museums.
Monoethylene Glycol is one of only a few treatments that are successful in dealing with rot in wooden boats, and is relatively cheap.
Monoethylene Glycol may also be one of the minor ingredients in screen cleaning solutions, along with the main ingredient isopropyl alcohol.
Monoethylene Glycol is commonly used as a preservative for biological specimens, especially in secondary schools during dissection as a safer alternative to formaldehyde.
Monoethylene Glycol is also used as part of the water-based hydraulic fluid used to control subsea oil and gas production equipment.
Monoethylene Glycol is used as a protecting group in organic synthesis to protect carbonyl compounds such as ketones and aldehydes.
Silicon dioxide reacts in heated reflux under dinitrogen with Monoethylene Glycol and an alkali metal base to produce highly reactive, pentacoordinate silicates which provide access to a wide variety of new silicon compounds.
The silicates are essentially insoluble in all polar solvent except methanol.
Monoethylene Glycol also can be used in vaccine manufacture or as a formaldehyde substitute when preserving biological specimens.
Monoethylene Glycol is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes, washing & cleaning products, coating products, inks and toners, non-metal-surface treatment products, leather treatment products, polishes and waxes, adhesives and sealants, heat transfer fluids, polymers, hydraulic fluids, anti-freeze products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).
Other release to the environment of Monoethylene Glycol is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Release to the environment of Monoethylene Glycol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Monoethylene Glycol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Monoethylene Glycol can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines), machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products e.g. refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, computers, telephones, drills, saws, smoke detectors, thermostats, radiators, large-scale stationary industrial tools), vehicles and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Monoethylene Glycol can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
Monoethylene Glycol is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, inks and toners, coating products, pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products and polymers.
Monoethylene Glycol is used in the following areas: scientific research and development, agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction and health services.
Monoethylene Glycol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Monoethylene Glycol is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, water treatment chemicals, polymers and adsorbents.
Release to the environment of Monoethylene Glycol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, for thermoplastic manufacture, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and manufacturing of the substance.
Monoethylene Glycol is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes, laboratory chemicals, polymers and coating products.
Monoethylene Glycol is used in the following areas: mining.
Release to the environment of Monoethylene Glycol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, for thermoplastic manufacture, formulation in materials, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of the substance.
Release to the environment of Monoethylene Glycol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.
Chemical reactions
Monoethylene Glycol is used as a protecting group for carbonyl groups in organic synthesis.
Treating a ketone or aldehyde with Monoethylene Glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst (e.g., p-toluenesulfonic acid; BF3·Et2O) gives the corresponding a 1,3-dioxolane, which is resistant to bases and other nucleophiles.
The 1,3-dioxolane protecting group can thereafter be removed by further acid hydrolysis.
In this example, isophorone was protected using Monoethylene Glycol with p-toluenesulfonic acid in moderate yield.
Water was removed by azeotropic distillation to shift the equilibrium to the right.
Dihydric alcohol
Monoethylene Glycol is the simplest aliphatic dihydric alcohol with chemical properties of alcohols such as being capable of generating ether, ester, or being oxidized into acid or aldehyde as well as being condensed to form ether or being substituted by halogen.
Its reaction with acyl chloride or acid anhydride generally forms di-esters.
Under heating in the presence of catalyst (manganese dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide or sulfuric acid), Monoethylene Glycol can be subject to intermolecular or intramolecular dehydration to form the cyclic ethylene acetals, which can react with nitric acid to generate glycol dinitrate (an explosive).
Monoethylene Glycol is the raw material for production of polyester resins, alkyd resins and polyester fiber.
Monoethylene Glycol can also be used as the refrigerant agent for automobile and aircraft engines refrigerant.
In 1980, the glycol amount used as refrigerant agent is equal to the amount consumption for producing polyester.
In addition, Monoethylene Glycol can also be used for synthesizing polymers such as polyester fibers.
Monoethylene Glycol dinitrate, when used in combination with nitroglycerine can reduce the freezing point of explosives.
Monoethylene Glycol can also be used as the raw material of pharmaceuticals and plastics and high-boiling solvents.
Industry applied ethylene as a raw material with first converting Monoethylene Glycol to ethylene oxide and then hydrolyzing to produce ethylene glycol.
Chemical Properties
Monoethylene Glycol is colorless transparent viscous liquid with sweet taste and moisture absorption capability.
Monoethylene Glycol is also miscible with water, low-grade aliphatic alcohols, glycerol, acetic acid, acetone, ketones, aldehydes, pyridine and similar coal tar bases.
Monoethylene Glycol is slightly soluble in ether but almost insoluble in benzene and its homologues, chlorinated hydrocarbons, petroleum ether and oils.
Monoethylene Glycol is a colorless, viscous, hydroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. Often colored fluorescent yellow-green when used in automotive antifreeze.
Monoethylene Glycol is odorless and does not provide any warning of inhalation exposure to hazardous concentrations. The Odor Threshold in air is 25 ppm.
Uses
Glycol is mainly used as the antifreeze agent for preparation of the automobile cooling systems and the raw material for the production of polyethylene terephthalate (the raw material of polyester fibers and plastics material).
Monoethylene Glycol can also be used for the production of synthetic resins, solvents, lubricants, surfactants, emollients, moisturizers, explosives and so on.
Glycol can often used as alternative of glycerol and can often be used as hydration agent and solvent in the tanning industry and pharmaceutical industry.
Glycol has a strong dissolving capability but Monoethylene Glycol is easily to be oxidized to toxic metabolic oxalic acid and therefore can’t be widely used as a solvent.
The Monoethylene Glycol can be supplemented to the hydraulic fluid and can be used for preventing the erosion of oil-based hydraulic fluid on the rubber of the system; the water-based hydraulic fluid with Monoethylene Glycol as a main component is an inflammable hydraumatic fluid and can be applied to the molding machine in aircraft, automobiles and high-temperature operation.
There are many important derivatives of Monoethylene Glycol .
Low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (mono-uret ethylene glycol, bi-uret ethylene glycol, tri-uret ethylene glycol or respectively called as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol) is actually the byproduct during the hydration of ethylene oxide B for preparation of Monoethylene Glycol .
Monoethylene Glycol is used as an antifreeze inheating and cooling systems (e.g., automobileradiators and coolant for airplane motors).
Monoethylene Glycol is also used in the hydraulic brake fluids; as a solvent for paints, plastics, and inks; as a softening agent for cellophane; and in themanufacture of plasticizers, elastomers, alkydresins, and synthetic fibers and waxes.
Reagent typically used in cyclocondensation reactions with aldehydes1 and ketones1,2 to form 1,3-dioxolanes.
Antifreeze in cooling and heating systems. In hydraulic brake fluids and de-icing solutions. Industrial humectant.
Ingredient of electrolytic condensers (where Monoethylene Glycol serves as solvent for boric acid and borates). Solvent in the paint and plastics industries.
In the formulation of printers' inks, stamp pad inks, ball-point pen ink. Softening agent for cellophane. Stabilizer for soybean foam used to extinguish oil and gasoline fires.
In the synthesis of safety explosives, glyoxal, unsatd ester type alkyd resins, plasticizers, elastomers, synthetic fibers (Terylene, Dacron), and synthetic waxes.
To create artificial smoke and mist for theatrical uses.
Production method
1. Direct hydration of ethylene oxide is currently the only way for industrial-scale production of Monoethylene Glycol .
Ethylene oxide and water, under pressure (2.23MPa) and 190-200 ℃ conditions, and can directly have liquid-phase hydration reaction in a tubular reactor to generate Monoethylene Glycol while being with byproducts diethylene glycol, tripropylene ethylene gl]ycol and multi-uret poly ethylene glycol.
The dilute ethylene glycol solution obtained from the reaction further undergoes thin film evaporator condensation, and then dehydration, refinement to obtain qualified products and by-products.
2. sulfuric acid catalyzed hydration of ethylene oxide; ethylene oxide can react with water, in the presence of sulfuric acid as the catalyst, at 60-80 ℃ and pressure of 9.806-19.61kPa for hydration to generate Monoethylene Glycol .
The reaction mixture can be neutralized by liquid alkaline and evaporated of the water to obtain 80% Monoethylene Glycol , and then distilled and concentrated in distillation column to obtain over 98% of the finished product.
This method is developed in early time.
Owing to the presence of corrosion, pollution and product quality problems, together with complex refining process, countries have gradually discontinued and instead change to direct hydration.
3. Direct ethylene hydration; directly synthesize Monoethylene Glycol from ethylene instead of being via ethylene oxide.
4. dichloroethane hydrolysis.
5. Formaldehyde method.
Industrial preparation of Monoethylene Glycol adopts chlorine ethanol method, ethylene oxide hydration and direct ethylene hydration with various methods having their characteristics, as described below.
Chlorohydrin method
Take chloroethanol as raw materials for hydrolysis in alkaline medium to obtain it.
The reaction is carried out at 100 ℃. First generate ethylene oxide. Then pressurize at 1.01 MPa pressure to obtain Monoethylene Glycol .
Ethylene oxide hydration
Hydration of ethylene oxide contains catalytic hydration and direct hydration.
The hydration process can be carried out under either normal pressure or under compression.
Normal pressure method generally take a small amount of inorganic acid as catalyst for reaction at 50~70 ℃.
Pressurized hydration had a high demand for the molar ratio of ethylene oxide over water which is higher than 1:6, to reduce the side reaction of producing the ether with the reaction temperature being at 150 °C and the pressure being 147kPa with hydration generating Monoethylene Glycol .
There are currently gas phase catalytic hydration with silver oxide being the catalyst and the alumina oxide being the carrier for reaction at 150~240 ℃ to generate Monoethylene Glycol .
Direct hydration of ethylene
Ethylene, in the presence of catalyst (e.g., antimony oxide TeO2 with palladium catalyst) can be oxidized in acetic acid solution to generate monoacetate ester or diacetate ester with further hydrolysis obtaining the Monoethylene Glycol .
The above several methods takes ethylene oxide hydration as good with simple process and is suitable for industrialization.
Production Methods
Historically, Monoethylene Glycol has been manufactured by hydrolyzing ethylene oxide.
Presently, Monoethylene Glycol is also produced commercially by oxidizing ethylene in the presence of acetic acid to form ethylene diacetate, which is hydrolyzed to the glycol, and acetic acid is recycled in the process.
General Description
Monoethylene Glycol is a clear, colorless syrupy liquid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment.
Since Monoethylene Glycol is a liquid Monoethylene Glycol can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams.
Purification Methods
Monoethylene Glycol is very hygroscopic, and also likely to contain higher diols.
Dry Monoethylene Glycol with CaO, CaSO4, MgSO4 or NaOH and distil Monoethylene Glycol under vacuum. Dry further by reaction with sodium under nitrogen, reflux for several hours and distil.
The distillate is then passed through a column of Linde type 4A molecular sieves and finally distil under nitrogen, from more molecular sieves. Then fractionally distil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 2369.]
Monoethylene Glycol is a clear, colorless syrupy liquid.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment.
Since Monoethylene Glycol is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams.
Monoethylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water.
Monoethylene Glycol is odorless, but has a sweet taste. Monoethylene Glycol is used to make antifreeze and de-icing solutions for cars, airplanes, and boats.
Monoethylene Glycol is also used in hydraulic brake fluids and inks used in stamp pads, ballpoint pens, and print shops.
Monoethylene Glycol is a 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.
Monoethylene Glycol has a role as a metabolite, a toxin, a solvent and a mouse metabolite. Monoethylene Glycol is a glycol and an ethanediol.
Monoethylene Glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet tasting, relatively non-volatile liquid and is completely soluble in water.
This chemical has numerous uses, in manufacturing of polyethylene terephthalate, in natural gas processing, and as an antifreeze agent.
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
Information on 900 consumer products that contain Monoethylene Glycol in the following categories is provided:
• Auto Products
• Commercial / Institutional
• Hobby/Craft
• Home Maintenance
• Inside the Home
• Landscaping/Yard
• Personal Care
• Pesticides
Uses
Monoethylene Glycol is used as antifreeze in cooling and heating systems, in hydraulic brake fluids, as an industrial humectant, as an ingredient of electrolytic condensers, as a solvent in the paint and plastics industries, in the formulations of printers' inks, stamp pad inks, and inks for ballpoint pens, as a softening agent for cellophane, and in the synthesis of safety explosives, plasticizers, synthetic fibers (Terylene, Dacron), and synthetic waxes.
• Blasting agents, grinding materials, friction agents, general abrasives
• Agent for soaking up liquid
• General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
• Consumer electronic equipment of all types, including phones, computers, cameras etc. and related electronic componenets
• Adhesion of molecules to a surface
• Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
• Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
• Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
• Related to fruit crops, or the processing or preserving of fruit
• Growing of cereals, or manufacture of grain products, including malt
• Nut crops, and nuts for human consumption
• Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
• Used to prevent adhesion
• Agents to prevent condensation, or condensation removers
• Antifreezing agents, or de-icing products
• Type of pesticide used to destroy or inhibit the growth of disease-causing mechanisms, can be impregnated into clothing
• Agent to prevent lime formation
• Spray powder used to make air gap between printed sheets of paper
• For prevention and removal of static
• General term which includes clothes, shoes, backpacks/purses/luggage, jewelry, pet apparel, etc.; more specific terms (e.g. clothing, footwear, handwear)
• Products used to care for apparel (e.g., she polish, products to repair footwear or leather, wterproofing sprays, etc.)
• Shoes, shoe care products, etc.
• Aquafarming, or the farming of aquatic organisms
• Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
• Drawing supplies
• Various types of paint for various uses
• Auto body waxes and coatings, including combo wash/wax products
• Related to food and beverage service activities
• Binding agents, used in paint, sand, etc
• General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles (unclear if bleaching agents are for consumer or industrial use)
• Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is known
• Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats
• Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
• Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry
• Related to heating, such as heating systems, heating fuels, fireplaces, furnaces, radiators, boilers, etc
• Plumbing, plumbing tools (home or industrial use)
• Roofing materials or roofing activities
• Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
• Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
• Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
• Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
• Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
• Related to cement, concrete, or asphalt materials
• Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
Both oil base and water base fracturing fluids are being used in the fracturing industry. Water base, which includes alcohol-water mixtures and low strength acids, make up the majority of treating fluids. The common chemicals added to these fluids are polymers for viscosity development, crosslinkers for viscosity enhancement, pH control chemicals, gel breakers for polymer degradation following the treatment, surfactants, clay stabilizers, alcohol, bactericides, fluid loss additives and friction reducer.
Hydraulic fracturing uses a specially blended liquid which is pumped into a well under extreme pressure causing cracks in rock formations underground. These cracks in the rock then allow oil and natural gas to flow, increasing resource production. ...
Chemical Name: Monoethylene Glycol ;
Chemical Purpose: Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent;
Product Function: Non-Emulsifier.
Industry Uses
• Adhesives and sealant chemicals
• Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
• Anti-adhesive agents
• Brazing paste component, joins carbon and stainless steel components.
• Byproduct recovered from process
• Fluid fill - antifreeze
• Fuels and fuel additives
• Functional fluids (closed systems)
• Intermediates
• Lubricants and lubricant additives
• PU Catalyst
• Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
• Pen Ink Component
• Pigments
• Plasticizers
• Plating agents and surface treating agents
• Processing aids, not otherwise listed
• Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
• Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
• Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
• Surface active agents
Consumer Uses
• Adhesives and sealants
• Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
• Anti-freeze and de-icing products
• Automotive care products
• Brazing Paste Component for joining carbon and stainless steel components.
• Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
• Chemical intermediate
• Electrical and electronic products
• Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
• Floor coverings
• Food packaging
• Fuels and related products
• Ink, toner, and colorant products
• Intermediate in production of antifreeze
• Lubricants and greases
• Metal products not covered elsewhere
• Paints and coatings
• Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
• Production Intermediate
• Substance used in products which are used as a cleaner and/or surface treatments in plating processes for a variety of markets, but mainly the automotive industry.
• urethane intermediate
Methods of Manufacturing
Industrial production
is based on the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide obtained by direct oxidation of ethylene with air or oxygen.
The ethylene oxide is thermally hydrolyzed to Monoethylene Glycol without a catalyst.
The ethylene oxide-water mixture is preheated to ca. 200 °C, whereby the ethylene oxide is converted to Monoethylene Glycol .
Di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyethylene Glycol s are also produced, but with respectively decreasing yields.
In practice almost 90% of the ethylene oxide can be converted to monoMonoethylene Glycol , the remaining 10% reacts to form higher homologues.
after leaving the reactor, the product mixture is purified by passing Monoethylene Glycol through successive distillation columns with decreasing pressures.
General Manufacturing Information
• Industry Processing Sectors
• Adhesive manufacturing
• Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
• All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
• All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
• All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
• Asphalt paving, roofing, and coating materials manufacturing
• Construction
• Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing
• Fabricated metal product manufacturing
• Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
• Machinery manufacturing
• Miscellaneous manufacturing
• Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.
• Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
• Organic fiber manufacturing
• Paint and coating manufacturing
• Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
• Petrochemical manufacturing
• Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
• Petroleum refineries
• Plastic material and resin manufacturing
• Plastics product manufacturing
• Printing and related support activities
• Resale of chemical
• Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
• Synthetic rubber manufacturing
• Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
• Transportation equipment manufacturing
• Water treatment
• Wholesale and retail trade
Mono ethylene glycol (also known as MEG or 1,2-ethanediol) is an organic compound with the formula C2H6O2.
Monoethylene Glycol is a slightly viscous liquid withh a clear, colorless appearance.
Monoethylene Glycol is miscible with water, acetone and alcohols.
Monoethylene Glycol has a freezing point of -13ºC, and its boiling point is 198ºC.
Monoethylene Glycol has a wide range of usage in many different fields, because of its low freezing point and high boiling point.
When mixed with water, the freezing point drops further and Monoethylene Glycol is used as antifreeze in radiators.
Monoethylene Glycol is also used in deicing agents for runways and airplanes.
Monoethylene Glycol is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations.
Mono Ethylene glycol is primarily used in antifreeze formulations (50%) and as a raw material in the manufacture of polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (40%).
Monoethylene Glycol is preferred over glycerin in engine coolants.
The major use of mono ethylene glycol is as an antifreeze agent in the coolant in for example, automobiles and air-conditioning systems that either place the chiller or air handlers outside or must cool below the freezing temperature of water.
In geothermal heating/cooling systems, mono ethylene glycol is the fluid that transports heat through the use of a geothermal heat pump.
The mono ethylene glycol either gains energy from the source (lake, ocean, water well) or dissipates heat to the sink, depending on whether the system is being used for heating or cooling.
The mixture of mono ethylene glycol with water provides additional benefits to coolant and antifreeze solutions, such as preventing corrosion and acid degradation, as well as inhibiting the growth of most microbes and fungi.
Pure mono ethylene glycol has a specific heat capacity about one half that of water.
So, while providing freeze protection and an increased boiling point, mono ethylene glycol lowers the specific heat capacity of water mixtures relative to pure water.
Monoethylene Glycol is used as a solvent in dyes.
Monoethylene Glycol is produced from ethylene, via the intermediate ethylene oxide (EO).
In this process, glycol is produced as a result of successive reactions.
Firstly ethylene oxide is produced with ethylene chlorohydrin.
However, direct oxidation method, which is more practical, predominates the production of mono ethylene glycol.
In the manufacturing process, ethylene oxide (EO) is produced by oxidizing ethylene with oxygen (O) or air with silver oxide (Ag2O3) as the catalyst.
Crude Ethylene Glycol is produced by hydrolysis of ethylene oxide (EO) with water under pressure.
The reaction is as shown below:
C2H4O + H2O 》HO-CH2CH2-OH
The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water.
The water-glycol mixture formed in this process is sent to the evaporation units where the water is recovered and converted.
In the production process, fractional distillation is carried out under vacuum.
At this stage of production, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol are separated.
Some manufacturers have developed processes in the production of mono ethylene glycol that enable production of products with higher purity, and eliminates some intermediate processes.
Monoethylene Glycol is stated that in this production reaction, by-products and the installation of handling equipment is eliminated.
What are the Physical and Chemical properties of Mono Ethylene Glycol?
Monoethylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid.
Monoethylene Glycol is hazardous to the environment.
Due to its liquid property, Monoethylene Glycol can easily penetrate the soil. Mono ethylene glycol has a clear appearance for waxy solids.
Boiling point is 198 °C
Glycol formula= C2H6O2
Melting point -13 °C
Mono ethylene glycol is miscible with water.
Monoethylene Glycol is highly soluble in acetone.
Monoethylene Glycol is very soluble in alcohol and methylene chloride.
Monoethylene Glycol is insoluble in fats and mineral oils.
Monoethylene Glycol is easily soluble in many organic solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Density approximately 1.115 g/cm3
General Information
The chemical formula C2H6O2 is a clean colorless viscous liquid which is soluble in water, acetone and alcohol.
Monoethylene Glycol improves the usage area of ??this substance due to its low point and high boiling point. In the case of importation against the Arabian countries, this problem has been eliminated.
Production and Reactions
MEG; 1, 2 can be obtained from dihalogen alkanes by hydrolysis with aqueous potassium hydroxide (China) - (Spain) or alcohol metal carbonate.
After the interaction of ethylene with chlorinated water, ethylene chlorohydrin can be obtained by hydrolysis with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate.
Monoethylene Glycol can be obtained by treatment of ethylene oxide with cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.
Usage areas
Paint
Emulsion paints, aqueous systems are used as anti-freeze.
Easy to use, easy to use as a solvent for dyestuffs, alkyd resins and other various resins as a solvent is used to develop this product.
Heat
Mono ethylene glycol is used as a heat-transfer agent in this sector.
Chemistry
In the chemical industry, nono ethylene glycol is a polyol used as a solvent and antifreeze.
Recently, antifreeze has been used instead of glycerin.
MONOETHYLENEGLYCOL with dibasic acids and their esters, such as terephtalic, oxalic, succinic, glutamic and adipic acids among others.
The polyterephtalate fibers of MONOETHYLENEGLYCOL are widely used in the textile industry and known commercially as Tergal, Terilene, Dacron and Trevira among other names.
Due to their high mechanical resistance, excellent dielectric properties and low hygroscopicity, polyester films are used to produce photographic films, magnetic tapes and packaging. MONOETHYLENEGLYCOL is used in the synthesis of polyethylene t ereftalate (PET), which is frequently used in the packaging of foodstuff and carbonated beverages.
Mono ethylene glycol (also known as MEG, EG, 1,2-ethanediol or 1,2-Dihydroxyethane) is an organic compound with the formula C2H6O2.
Monoethylene Glycol is a slightly viscous liquid with a clear, colourless appearance and a sweet taste that emits virtually no odour.
Monoethylene Glycol’s miscible with water, alcohols, and many other organic compounds and is primarily used in the industry for manufacturing polyester fibres and as a component in the production of antifreeze, coolants, aircraft anti-icers and de-icers.
Technical Properties
Chemical and physical properties of mono ethylene glycol:
Molecular Formula: C2H6O2 / (CH2OH)2 / HOCH2CH2OH
Synonyms: monoethyleneglycol, mono ethyl glycol, meg glycol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-ethanediol, Ethane-1,2-diol, EG, industrial glycol, 1,2-Dihydroxyethane, glycol alcohol.
Cas Number: 107-21-1
Molecular Mass: 62.07 g/mol
Exact Mass: 62.036779 g/mol
Flashpoint: 232 °F/ 111.11 °C
Boiling Point: 387.7 °F / 197.6 °C at 760 mm Hg
Melting Point: 9 ° F / -12.8 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.06 mm Hg at 68 °F / 20 °C
Water Solubility: Miscible
Density: 1.115 at 68 °F
How is Monoethylene Glycol produced?
Mono ethylene glycol is produced industrially using ethylene oxide via hydrolysis.
Ethylene oxide is obtained through oxidation and is then reacted with water to give mono ethylene glycol with di and tri ethylene glycols as co-products:
C2H4O + H2O → HOCH2CH2OH
Mono ethylene glycol is also manufactured via the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate in the presence of a copper catalyst or via the acetoxylation of ethylene.
Industry uses
A primary industry use of mono ethylene glycol is in antifreeze applications where Monoethylene Glycol is a component in the manufacture of antifreeze, coolants, aircraft ani-icer and de-icers due to its ability to depress the freezing temperature of water.
Monoethylene Glycol is also used in hydraulic brake fluids and cooling systems such as in vehicles and air-conditioning units as Monoethylene Glycol acts as a coolant and heat transfer agent.
There is strong global demand for Mono ethylene glycol in the plastic industry as Monoethylene Glycol is a vital ingredient in the production of polyester fibres, films, and resins, one of which is polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
PET is then converted into plastic bottles which are used globally.
Monoethylene Glycol is estimated that 70-80% of all the MEG consumed is used as a chemical intermediate in these polyester production processes.
Mono ethylene glycol is also used as a solvent in paints and electrolytic condensers, as a desiccant in gas pipelines to prohibit the formation of clathrates, as a chemical intermediate in the production of capacitors, as an industrial humectant in fibres, adhesives, cellophane, synthetic waxes.
Monoethylene Glycol is also found in other industrial products such as plasticizers, processing aids, adhesives, additives and surface treating agents.
Consumer Uses
Mono ethylene glycol is found in many consumer products such as antifreeze, ani-icer, de-icers, brake fluids, adhesives, automotive care products, cosmetics, toners, fabrics, inks, pens, paints, plastics and coatings.
monoethylene glycol (MEG) is a basic building block used for applications that require:
Chemical intermediates for resins
Solvent couplers
Freezing point depression solvents
Humectants and chemical intermediates
Application Usage
These applications are vital to the manufacture of a wide variety of products, including:
Resins
Deicing fluids
Heat transfer fluids
Automotive antifreeze and coolants
Water-based adhesives
Latex paints and asphalt emulsions
Electrolytic capacitors
Textile fibers
Paper
Leather
Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol) in its pure form, is an odorless, colorless, syrupy liquid.
Production
Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene, via the intermediate ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation
C2H4O + H2O → HOCH2CH2OH
This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures.
The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water.
Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be achieved.
The major byproducts are the ethylene glycol oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol.
Monethylene Glycol uses and applications:
This chemical is widely used as an antifreeze in closed circuit systems where it possesses the ability to lower the freezing temperature of water.
Monethylene Glycol is also commonly used in heat transfer fluids as a coolant for compressors, heating/ventilating systems and air conditioning units.
In most cooling / closed circuit systems, however, Monethylene Glycol is often necessary to mix monoethylene glycol with an inhibitor to reduce the risk of corrosion.
If you have this requirement, along with the need for a blue dye additive our Monethylene Glycol is recommended.
Other uses of MEG include as a raw material in the production of a range of products including polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, polyester, fiberglass and inks.
SYNONYMS
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
1,2-ethanediol
Ethane-1,2-diol
107-21-1
glycol
monoethylene glycol
1,2-Dihydroxyethane
2-hydroxyethanol
Glycol alcohol
polyethylene glycol
Ethylene alcohol
Macrogol
Fridex
Tescol
Ethylene dihydrate
Norkool
Macrogol 400 BPC
Dowtherm SR 1
ethanediol
Zerex
Ucar 17
Lutrol-9
Polyethylene glycol 200
Aethylenglykol
1,2-Ethandiol
Poly(ethylene glycol)
MFCD00002885
Ethylenglycol
ethylen glycol
ethylene-glycol
Polyethylene glycol 600
146AR
Polyethylene glycol 1000
Polyethylene glycol 3350
UNII-FC72KVT52F
Lutrol 9
NSC 93876
Carbowax 300
1,2-ethylene glycol
1,2-dihydroxy ethane
HOCH2CH2OH
Union Carbide XL 54 Type I De-icing Fluid
M.e.g.
PEG
Polyethylene Glycol 4000
FC72KVT52F
DTXSID8020597
CHEBI:30742
1, 2-Ethanediol
DSSTox_CID_597
H(OCH2CH2)nOH
Ethylene glycol, technical
Polyethylene oxide
DSSTox_RID_75680
DSSTox_GSID_20597
Glycol, ethylene-
Glycol, polyethylene
Glycols, polyethylene
Caswell No. 441
Miralax
Aethylenglykol [German]
Ethylene glycol, 99.5%, for analysis
Carbowax 20
CAS-107-21-1
Polyethylene Glycols
Carbowax 400
Carbowax 1000
CCRIS 3744
Dowtherm 4000
HSDB 5012
Ethylene glycol polymer
NCI-C00920
Ethylene glycol, 99.8%, anhydrous, AcroSeal(R)
PEG 3350
EINECS 203-473-3
Ethylene glycol homopolymer
Polyethylene Glycol 6000
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 042203
1,2-Ethanediol homopolymer
ethyleneglycole
Athylenglykol
ehtylene glycol
etylene glycol
AI3-03050
2-ethanediol
Polyaethylenglykol
Ilexan E
4-vinyl cathecol
Polyaethylenglykole
MEG 100
Solbanon (TN)
1,2-ethane diol
1,2-ethane-diol
ethane-1.2-diol
GXT
PEG 1000
PEG 4000
1,2-ethyleneglycol
ethan-1,2-diol
mono-ethylene glycol
Macrogol 400
Mono Ethylene Glycol
Carbowax 1540
1,2-ethylene-glycol
Lutrol E (TN)
DuPont Zonyl FSO Fluorinated Surfactants
alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)
polyethylene glycol-400
Macrogol 400 (TN)
Polyethylene oxide (NF)
Polyethylene glycol (NF)
ACMC-1AS4X
Sentry polyox WSR (TN)
Macrogol 1500 (TN)
Macrogol 4000 (TN)
Macrogol 6000 (TN)
EC 203-473-3
Macrogol ointment (JP17)
WLN: Q2Q
2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethanol
Glycol, polyethylene(300)
HO(CH2)2OH
NCIOpen2_001979
NCIOpen2_002019
NCIOpen2_002100
Macrogol 400 (JP17)
Polyethylene Glycol 300 NF
alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
Ethylene glycol 5 M solution
MLS002454404
Polyethylene glycol, diglycidyl bisphenol A polymer
BIDD:ER0283
FisherFresh™ Concentrate
Macrogol 1500 (JP17)
Macrogol 4000 (JP17)
Macrogol 6000 (JP17)
1,2-Ethanediol-d2 (9CI)
CHEMBL457299
DTXSID4027862
Ethylene glycol, AR, >=99%
Ethylene glycol, LR, >=99%
Macrogol 20000 (JP17)
CHEBI:46793
PEG1000
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-
HMS2267F07
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether
Polyethylene glycol 3350 (USP)
WT931
Ethylene glycol, p.a., 99.5%
1,2-bis($l^{1}-oxidanyl)ethane
1,2-ETHANEDIOL (GLYCOL)
IUPAC NAMES
1,2 ethanediol
1,2-Dihydroxyethane
1,2-etandiolo
1,2-ethandiol
1,2-ETHANE DIOL
1,2-ETHANE DIOL1,2-Ethanediol2,2'-oxydiethanolBio MEG.Ethane-1,2-diolEthanediol;
Ethylene glycol;
ethane-1,2-diolEthanol-1,2-diolEthylene GlycolMEGMono Ethylene GlycolMonoethylen glycolMONOETHYLENE GLYCOLMonoethyleneglycolMonoethylenglykolMonothylene Glycol
1,2-ETHANEDIOL
1,2-Ethanediol
1,2-ethanediol
1,2-Ethanediol
1,2-Ethanediol, glycol,
1.2-Ethanediol
2,2'-oxydiethanol
Bio MEG.
CH2OHCH2OH
enthanediolethylene glycole
Etahne-1,2-diol
Ethan-1,2-diol
ethan-1,2-diol
Ethandiol
Ethane -1,2-diol
Ethane 1,2 diol
ETHANE-1,2-DIOL
Ethane-1,2-diol
ethane-1,2-diol
Ethane-1,2-diol
ethane-1,2-diol
ethane-1,2-diol/ethylene glycol
ETHANEDIOL
Ethanediol
ethanediol
Ethanediol
ethanediol
ethanediol / ethylene glycol
ethanediol ethylene glycol
ethanediol; ethylene glycol
Ethanediol; Ethylene glycol; ethane-1,2-diol
ethaneglycol
Ethanol-1,2-diol
Ethylen glycol
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene glycol
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene glycol
ethylene glycol
ethylene glycol polyester grade
ETHYLENE GLYCOL; 1,2-ethanediol; glycol ...
Ethylene glycolGlycol
Ethylene-glycol
Ethylenglycol
Età-1,2-diol
Glycol, 1,2-Ethanediol, Ethandiol
Glykol
MEG
mono ethylene glycol
Mono Ethylene Glycol
Mono ethylene glycol
mono ethylene glycol
Monoethyleenglycol
Monoethylen Glycol
Monoethylene glycol
monoethylene glycol
MONOETHYLENE GLYCOL
Monoethylene Glycol
Monoethylene glycol
monoethylene glycol
Monoethyleneglycol
Monoethyleneglykol
Monoethylenglycol
Monoethylenglykol
Reaction mass of 64-17-5 and 7732-18-5
thanediol
