PRODUCTS

MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE

Monopotassium phosphate, MKP, (also potassium dihydrogenphosphate, KDP, or monobasic potassium phosphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula KH2PO4. Together with dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4.(H2O)x) it is often used as a fertilizer, food additive, and buffering agent. The salt often cocrystallizes with the dipotassium salt as well as with phosphoric acid.[4]
Single crystals are paraelectric at room temperature. At temperatures below −150 °C (−238 °F), they become ferroelectric.

CAS No. : 7778-77-0
EC No. : 231-913-4

Synonyms:
potassium dihydrogenphosphate; KDP; monopotasyum fosfat; monopotasium phosphate; phosphate de monopotassium; dihydrogénophosphate de potassium; monopotassium phosphate; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 7778-77-0; Potassium phosphate monobasic; MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE; Monobasic potassium phosphate; Potassium phosphate, monobasic; Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt; Potassium acid phosphate; Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate; potasyum; mono; monopotasyum; fosfat; phosfat; fosphat; phosphat; monopotassium phospat; mono potasyum fosfat; Monopotassium monophosphate; Monopotassium orthophosphate; Monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate; Potassium dihydrogenorthophosphate; potassium dihydrogenphosphate; Sorensen's potassium phosphate; Orthophosphoric acid, monopotassium salt; CHEBI:63036; HSDB 5046; Potassium phosphate (K(H2PO4)); Potassium orthophosphate, dihydrogen; EINECS 231-913-4; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076413; Potassium hydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4); Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:1); 4J9FJ0HL51; MKP; KDP; Chlorine Titrimeter Reagent; Buffer Solution, pH 6.00; Buffer Solution, pH 7.00; Buffer Solution, pH 7.40; potassium biphosphate; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99+%, pure; Buffer Solution, pH 7.00, Color-Coded Yellow; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99%, for analysis; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99+%, extra pure; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99+%, ACS reagent; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99+%, for biochemistry; Potassium phosphate, monobasic [NF]; ACMC-20ajut; mono potassium phosphate; mono-potassium phosphate; prim.-Potassium phosphate; H2KO4P; EC 231-913-4; Potassium phosphate,monobasic; KSC377A6T; potassium di-hydrogen phosphate; Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate,(S); EINECS 240-213-8; Monopotassium dihydrogen monophosphate; AKOS015902364; AKOS028109678; Monopotassium dihydrogen orthophosphate; Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate(V); DB09413; LS-2436; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate monobasic; Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:?); Potassium phosphate monobasic (anhydrous); Potassium phosphate, monobasic (JAN/NF); B7291; FT-0645117; W8424; D02050; Potassium phosphate monobasic, Trace metals grade; Q415049; Potassium phosphate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 7.5; Potassium phosphate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 7.6; UNII-B7862WZ632 component GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M; Potassium phosphate monobasic powder suitable for cell culture; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 7778-77-0; Potassium phosphate monobasic; MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE; monopotasyum fosfat; monopotasium phosphate; monopotassium phosphate; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 7778-77-0; Potassium phosphate monobasic; MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE; Monobasic potassium phosphate; Potassium phosphate, monobasic; Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt; Potassium acid phosphate; Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate; Monopotassium monophosphate; Monopotassium orthophosphate; Monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate; Potassium dihydrogenorthophosphate; potassium dihydrogenphosphate; Sorensen's potassium phosphate; KH2PO4; UNII-4J9FJ0HL51; MFCD00011401; Orthophosphoric acid, monopotassium salt; Monobasic potassium phosphate; Potassium phosphate, monobasic; Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt; Potassium acid phosphate; Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate; Monopotassium monophosphate; Monopotassium orthophosphate; Monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate; Potassium dihydrogenorthophosphate; potassium dihydrogenphosphate; Sorensen's potassium phosphate; KH2PO4; UNII-4J9FJ0HL51; MFCD00011401; Orthophosphoric acid, monopotassium salt; CHEBI:63036; HSDB 5046; Potassium phosphate (K(H2PO4)); Potassium orthophosphate, dihydrogen; EINECS 231-913-4; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076413; Potassium hydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4); Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:1); 4J9FJ0HL51; MKP; KDP; Chlorine Titrimeter Reagent; Buffer Solution, pH 6.00; Buffer Solution, pH 7.00; Buffer Solution, pH 7.40; potassium biphosphate; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99+%, pure; Buffer Solution, pH 7.00, Color-Coded Yellow; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99%, for analysis; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99+%, extra pure; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99+%, ACS reagent; Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99+%, for biochemistry; Potassium phosphate, monobasic [NF]; ACMC-20ajut; mono potassium phosphate; mono-potassium phosphate; prim.-Potassium phosphate; H2KO4P; EC 231-913-4; Potassium phosphate,monobasic; KSC377A6T; potassium di-hydrogen phosphate; Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate,(S); EINECS 240-213-8; BDBM50004328; MFCD00147253; Monopotassium dihydrogen monophosphate

Monopotassium Phosphate

Contents
1   Structure of Monopotassium phosphate
2   Manufacturing of Monopotassium phosphate
3   Applications of Monopotassium phosphate
Structure of Monopotassium phosphate
Monopotassium phosphate can exist in several polymorphs. At room temperature it forms paraelectric crystals with tetragonal symmetry. Upon cooling to −150 °C (−238 °F) it transforms to a ferroelectric phase of orthorhombic symmetry, and the transition temperature shifts up to −50 °C (−58 °F) when hydrogen is replaced by deuterium.[5] Heating to 190 °C (374 °F) changes its structure to monoclinic.[6] When heated further, MKP decomposes, by loss of water, to potassium metaphosphate, KPO3, at 400 °C (752 °F).

Applications of Monopotassium phosphate
Fertilizer-grade Monopotassium phosphate powder contains the equivalent of 52% P 2 O5 and 34% K 2O, and is labeled NPK 0-52-34. MKP powder is often used as a nutrient source in the greenhouse trade and in hydroponics.

As a crystal, Monopotassium phosphate is noted for its non-linear optical properties. Used in optical modulators and for non-linear optics such as second-harmonic generation (SHG).
Also to be noted is Monopotassium phosphate, potassium dideuterium phosphate, with slightly different properties. Highly deuterated KDP is used in nonlinear frequency conversion of laser light instead of protonated (regular) KDP due to the fact that the replacement of protons with deuterons in the crystal shifts the third overtone of the strong OH molecular stretch to longer wavelengths, moving it mostly out of the range of the fundamental line at approximately 1064 nm of neodymium-based lasers. Regular KDP has absorbances at this wavelength of approximately 4.7–6.3% per cm of thickness while highly deuterated KDP has absorbances of typically less than 0.8% per cm.

Molecular formula of Monopotassium phosphate: H2KO4P
Molar mass of Monopotassium phosphate: 136.086
CAS Registry Number of Monopotassium phosphate: 7778-77-0
Appearance: Monopotassium phosphate, 98+%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ACS, 99.0% min; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 99.999% (metals basis), Si 10ppm max; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 98+%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ACS, 99.0% min; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Puratronic®, 99.999% (metals basis), Si 10ppm max; odourless white crystals or powder
Melting point of Monopotassium phosphate: 252.6 °C
Boiling point of Monopotassium phosphate: Not available
Solubility of Monopotassium phosphate: Slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol
Safety sheet of Monopotassium phosphate: Not available

The solution is intended to provide phosphate ion, (PO4-3) for addition to large volume infusion fluids for intravenous use. Monopotassium phosphate Injection, USP, 3 mM P/mL, is indicated as a source of phosphorus, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids, to prevent or correct hypophosphatemia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. Monopotassium phosphate is also useful as an additive for preparing specific intravenous fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions. The concomitant amount of potassium (4.4 mEq/mL) must be calculated into total electrolyte content of such prepared solutions.

Urinary acidification by potassium and sodium phosphates combination and monobasic potassium phosphate augments the efficacy of methenamine mandelate and methenamine hippurate, which are dependent upon an acid medium for antibacterial activity. Monopotassium phosphate eliminate the odor, rash, and turbidity present with ammoniacal urine associated with urinary tract infections. However, use of phosphates for urea splitting urinary tract infections may predispose to struvite stones that form in alkaline urine.
Potassium and sodium phosphates combination and Monopotassium phosphate have been used to reduce urinary calcium concentration and help prevent precipitation of calcium deposits in the urinary tract.
At the renal distal tubule, the secretion of hydrogen by the tubular cell in exchange for sodium in the tubular urine converts dibasic phosphate salts to monobasic phosphate salts. Therefore, large amounts of acid can be excreted without lowering the pH of the urine to a degree that would block hydrogen transport by a high concentration gradient between the tubular cell and luminal fluid.

EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY Monopotassium phosphate:/ The effects of intravenous administration of potassium phosphate in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis were studied in nine children, ages 9 9/12 to 17 10/12 yr. During phosphate infusion (20--40 mEq/L of fluid), all children maintained normal serum concentrations of phosphorus. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in six and transient hypomagnesemia in five patients. One child developed carpopedal spasms refractory to intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate but responsive to intramuscular injection of magnesium sulfate. In three patients, serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone were low at the time of hypocalcemia, an observation that suggests transient hypoparathyroidism. This study indicates that the use of potassium phosphate as the sole source of potassium replacement might potentiate ketoacidosis-induced hypocalcemia through multiple mechanisms.
EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY Monopotassium phosphate:/ In 35 patients with diabetic ketosis, 9 received no potassium replacement, 13 received replacement as potassium phosphate (4.7 - 28.5 mg/kg) and 13 received replacement as potassium chloride. The use of the phosphate supplement did not cause abnormalities in calcium metabolism nor did it prevent late hypophosphatemia.

EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY Monopotassium phosphate:/ The bioavailability and clinical effects of potassium phosphate monobasic and Monopotassium phosphate dibasic were tested in 16 parenterally fed low birth weight infants at standard (n=8) and high levels (n=8) of mineral intakes using a constant infusion of macronutrients and vitamin D in a crossover design of 2 four-day periods. With standard intakes of calcium (35 mg/kg/day) and phosphorus (30 mg/kg/day) there was no difference between the monobasic and dibasic regimens on balance data or plasma biochemical monitoring. With the use of the monobasic regimen, the mineral intakes were doubled without precipitation in the infusate. This led to increased apparent retention of both calcium and phosphorus compared with that for standard levels of mineral intake. The improvement in calcium-phosphorus balance was accompanied by more severe calciuria and by metabolic compensation for an increased acid load. In addition to the possibility of exceeding the buffering capacity of the infant, this relative acidosis could also be evidence of improved bone mineralization.
Hypophosphatemia should be avoided during periods of total parenteral nutrition, or other lengthy periods of intravenous infusions. Serum phosphorus levels should be regularly monitored, and appropriate amounts of phosphorus should be added to the infusions to maintain normal serum phosphorus levels. Intravenous infusion of inorganic phosphorus may be accompanied by a decrease in the serum level and urinary excretion of calcium. The normal level of serum inorganic phosphorus is 3.0 to 4.5 mg/dL in adults and 4.0 to 7.0 mg/dL in children.

To avoid potassium or phosphorus intoxication, infuse solutions containing potassium phosphates slowly. In patients with severe renal or adrenal insufficiency, administration of Potassium Phosphates Injection may cause potassium intoxication. Infusing high concentrations of phosphorus may cause hypocalcemia, and calcium levels should be monitored.
Solutions which contain potassium ions should be used with great care if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is present.
Monopotassium phosphate is the major cation of intracellular fluid and is essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrodynamic characteristics of the cell. Monopotassium phosphate is an important activator in many enzymatic reactions and is essential to a number of physiologic processes including transmission of nerve impulses; contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles; gastric secretion; renal function; tissue synthesis; and carbohydrate metabolism. Phosphate is a major intracellular anion that participates in providing energy for metabolism of substrates and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Monopotassium phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions.

Monopotassium phosphate is the major cation of intracellular fluid and is essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrodynamic characteristics of the cell. Monopotassium phosphate is an important activator in many enzymatic reactions and is essential to a number of physiologic processes including transmission of nerve impulses; contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles; gastric secretion; renal function; tissue synthesis; and carbohydrate metabolism.
Phosphorus in the form of organic and inorganic phosphate has a variety of important biochemical functions in the body and is involved in many significant metabolic and enzyme reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Monopotassium phosphate exerts a modifying influence on the steady state of calcium levels, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium and a primary role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ion. Monopotassium phosphate is present in plasma and other extracellular fluid, in cell membranes and intracellular fluid, as well as in collagen and bone. Phosphorus in the extracellular fluid is primarily in inorganic form, and plasma levels may vary somewhat with age. Phosphorus, present in large amounts in erythrocytes and other tissue cells, plays a significant intracellular role in the synthesis of high energy organic phosphates.
Phosphorus, present in large amounts in erythrocytes and other tissue cells, plays a significant intracellular role in the synthesis of high-energy organic phosphates. Monopotassium phosphate has been shown to be essential to maintain red blood cell glucose utilization, lactate production, and the concentration of both erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), and must be deemed as important to other tissue cells.

Analyte: Monopotassium phosphate; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with sodium bitartrate produces a white crystalline precipitate that is soluble in ammonium hydroxide and in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates (potassium test)Analyte: monopotassium phosphate; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with silver nitrate produces a yellow precipitate that is soluble in nitric acid and in ammonium hydroxide (phosphate test)
Analyte: Monopotassium phosphate; matrix: chemical purity; procedure: dilution with water; titration with sodium hydroxide to the inflection point to a pH of about 9.1
LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Monopotassium phosphate showed no maternal toxicity or teratogenic effects at dose levels up to 320 mg/kg bw in mice and 282 mg/kg bw in rats.
LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ ... Monopotassium phosphate /was/ not teratogenic in the developing chicken embryo.
GENOTOXICITY/ Monocalcium phosphate, Monopotassium phosphate and monosodium phosphate were not mutagenic in an in vitro assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D4 and Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 with and without the addition of mammalian metabolic activation preparation.
According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

What is Monopotassium Phosphate?
Monopotassium phosphate is the monopotassium salt of phosphoric acid with the formula KH2PO4. Monopotassium phosphate is freely soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol. Commercially available as pure KH2PO4, when reacted with MgO, produces high-quality ceramics. Monopotassium phosphate is formed by the chloride or potassium carbonate reaction with phosphoric acid and the phosphate is derived in a pure form as a crystalline material. Monopotassium phosphate is prepared industrially by adding 1 mol of a water solution of potassium hydroxide to 1 mol of phosphoric acid.

Other names of Monopotassium phosphate – Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Potassium phosphate monobasic, Potassium phosphate monobasic
KH2PO4
Monopotassium Phosphate
Density of Monopotassium phosphate
2.34 g/cm³
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass of Monopotassium phosphate
136.086 g/mol
Boiling Point of Monopotassium phosphate
400 °C
Melting Point of Monopotassium phosphate
252.6 °C
Chemical Formula of Monopotassium phosphate
KH2PO4
Monopotassium phosphate Structure – KH2PO4
Monopotassium Phosphate Structure
Physical Properties of Monopotassium phosphate – KH2PO4
Odour No odour
Appearance of Monopotassium phosphate
White powder, deliquescent
Covalently-Bonded Unit of Monopotassium phosphate 2
Heavy Atom Count of Monopotassium phosphate 6
Complexity of Monopotassium phosphate 61.2
Solubility of Monopotassium phosphate Soluble in water
Chemical Properties of Monopotassium phosphate – KH2PO4
Monopotassium phosphate dissolves in water forms phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide. The chemical equation is given below.
KH2PO4 + H2O → H3PO4 + KOH
Monopotassium phosphate reacts with a base like sodium hydroxide forms disodium phosphate, water and potassium hydroxide.
KH2PO4 + 2NaOH → H2O + KOH + Na2HPO4

Uses of Monopotassium phosphate – KH2PO4
Used as a fertilizer because Monopotassium phosphate contains potassium and phosphate that can be applied to both the soil and foliage.
Used in the manufacture of sodium phosphates, ammonium phosphates, calcium phosphates and other phosphates.
For color preservation, it is used in eggs and is also used in low-sodium products, meat products and milk products.
Related Chemical Compounds of Monopotassium phosphate
Copper (II) chloride (CuCl2)   Xylene (C8H10)
Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2)   Potassium cyanide (KCN)
Ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8)   Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Why Monopotassium phosphate is a Great Choice for Plant Health
Monopotassium phosphate, an eco-friendly fertilizer makes for strong roots when your plants need it most. Jumpstart your harvest this season with our 100 percent water soluble and heavy metal free Monopotassium Phosphate plant fertilizer that helps establish firm roots early in the growing season to ensure your crops are full and healthy. Monopotassium phosphate fertilizer contains 52% Phosphorous and 34% Potassium and is a highly efficient and effective form of fertilizer that feeds your plants with the nutrition they need to thrive in any crop condition. Monopotassium phosphate is also a critical source of nutrition for sugar-rich foods such as fruits who experience an increased sugar content leading to a fresh, ripe and delicious harvest.

Why Do My Crops Need Phosphorus?
Monopotassium phosphate helps regulate protein synthesis in plants which leads to healthy development, cell division and ultimate growth for the plant. Phosphorus helps new plant tissue form and when additional quantities are added to the soil, root growth is exponential, making the plant more resistant to changing weather conditions.

A lack of Phosphorus in your crops can yield disaster if not treated immediately. Proactivity is best when fertilizing. Stay ahead of the problem as always by applying the correct amount of Monopotassium Phosphate fertilizer as needed. Be on the lookout for extreme cases where plants that have changed dark green in color as this can signal a Phosphorus deficiency.
Anthocyanin pigments which appear as red to purple in color can also signify a lack of Phosphorus in sugar-rich plants.
Phosphorus deficiency however, doesn't have to show these extreme effects, the changes can be subtle and unnoticeable until it's too late to bring the crop back to life. Low Phosphorus levels in the soil can be raised with the help of Monopotassium Phosphate, a heavy metal free, water soluble solution that your plants will respond positively to.

Why Do My Crops Need Potassium?
The second critical component in our Monopotassium Phosphate eco-friendly fertilizer contains the essential plant nutrient, Potassium. This macronutrient is often difficult to manipulate and can benefit from the controlled application of a Potassium supplement to ensure your crops get the correct amount of this precious nutrient to be healthy. Plants absorb Potassium in large amounts. Therefore, the help of a Monopotassium Phosphate fertilizer can keep Potassium levels steady to keep feeding your plants the rich nutrients it needs to generate a healthy harvest.
Plants need Potassium for many reasons. Potassium makes enzyme activity possible in plants. Monopotassium phosphate also encourages respiration, transpiration and makes your plants capable of absorbing other vital nutrients. Potassium is also a key player in the transportation of water and nutrients in the xylem of the plant. A healthy supply of Potassium is critical to the operation of the plant's transport systems. A healthy crop with a sufficient Potassium supply can also increase root growth and helps stop the growth and spread of crop diseases.
Monopotassium phosphate is an eco-friendly fertilizer, that is 100 percent water soluble and heavy metal free. Give your crops the vital support and nutrients its deserves to produce healthy, bountiful and rich plants.

What is a Monopotassium phosphate fertilizer?
Monopotassium phosphate (0-52-34) is the fertilizer, which contains highest amount of major elements, among other soluble fertilizers. Its formula is KH2PO4. As it contains no nitrogen, it is appropriate for plants that require intensive use of fertilizers. Monopotassium phosphate fertilize can be the most suitable source of potassium and phosphorus when nitrogen use is contradictory. In other times it is also the preferred type of fertilizer as it can be given together with any kind of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium, nitrate or urea nitrogen containing fertilizers).
Where is it used?
As Monopotassium phosphate fertilizer contains no such hazardous elements such as chlorine, sodium or heavy metals, it can be applied safely to all kinds of products. It is demonstrated that Monopotassium phosphate fertilizer application via leaves prevents fungi growth. When mixed with pesticides it is shown that it increases the effectiveness of such pesticides.
Application method
Monopotassium phosphate fertilizer is suitable for application via leaves. As pH value of water used via sprinkler systems can be maintained at around 4,5, thanks to Monopotassium phosphate fertilizer absorption of all major and trace elements is facilitated. Thanks to low EC value (0,7 mS/cm) risks for burns in leaves are too low and therefore it may even be used in high concentrations. It may be mixed with any soluble fertilizer; yet should not be used together with fertilizers containing calcium (Ca).

Foliar applications of 1% solution of monopotassium phosphate (MKP = KH2P04) fertilizer plus Triton X-100 (0.025%), sterol inhibiting (SI) fungicides, and an alternating treatment of phosphate fertilizer and SI fungicides inhibited development of the powdery mildew fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa on fruits and leaves of nectarine trees in 3 consecutive years. The effectiveness of the alternating treatments with an appropriate systemic fungicide and 1% solution of MKP was similar to that of the commercial treatment with the systemic fungicides alone. However, application of the systemic fungicides only, omitting the phosphate treatment when they were scheduled, was significantly less effective than either the phosphate or the alternation treatments. These results indicate that the use of phosphate fertilizer has a significant role in disease control, enabling up to 50% reduction with number of fungicide treatments required for powdery mildew control. These results were confirmed in a large-scale demonstration trial conducted in a commercial orchard in 1995. This trial also revealed that a tank-mix treatment of 1% MKP solution with an SI fungicide provided the best protection against powdery mildew. Phosphate solutions were not phytotoxic to plants. Fruit harvested from MKP-treated trees by either alternation or tank-mix were similar or larger in their size distribution to those harvested from the commercial fungicide-based treatment. Fruit harvested from control, nontreated, trees were much smaller and produced ca. 23% nonmarketable fruits. The inhibitory effectiveness of Monopotassium phosphate against powdery mildew in nectarine makes it a potential major component of an integrated pest management program.

Uses of Monopotassium phosphate
Monopotassium phosphate helps control the amount of calcium in the body and urine. Monopotassium phosphate works by making the urine more acidic.It is used to prevent calcium kidney stones. It is also used to decrease the amount of ammonia in urine, thereby reducing odor and skin irritation caused by high-ammonia urine. This medication is also given to help certain antibiotics for bladder infections (e.g., methenamine) work better.

How to use Monopotassium phosphate, Soluble
Take this medication by mouth, usually 4 times a day with meals and at bedtime or as directed by your doctor. Allow the tablet(s) to dissolve in a full glass (8 ounces or 240 milliliters) of water for 3 to 5 minutes. Do not use any liquid other than plain water. If any medication remains undissolved, crush the pieces in the water and stir well. After the medication has completely dissolved, stir and drink the mixture.
Take this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day.
Your dosage is based on your condition and response to therapy.
Take this medication 2-3 hours before or after taking any products containing magnesium, aluminum, or calcium. Some examples include quinapril, didanosine, vitamins/minerals, and antacids. Dairy products (e.g., milk, yogurt), calcium-enriched juice, sucralfate, bismuth subsalicylate, iron, and zinc are also included. These products bind with phosphate, preventing its full absorption.

Tomato is a moderately sensitive crop to salinity. High salinity alters vegetative growth and production leading to economic losses. The study here investigated the potential use of monopotassium phosphate (MKP: 0-52-34) as a method to increase salt tolerance on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Valouro’) plants irrigated with saline solutions (NaCl+CaCl2) of EC: 6, 8, 10 and 12 dS m‑1 and fertigated with different doses of MKP: 0, 2, 3 and 3.5 g L‑1. Results of PCA analysis showed that plant growth indicators (i.e. plant height and leaf number), flowering (number of clusters and flowers), fruit set and production (fruit number, individual fruit weight, and fruit yield) were negatively affected by increasing salinity while indicators of fruit quality (titrable acidity, total soluble solids, fruit firmness and pH) were improved. Plant height and yields were reduced by 22, 31, 39, 40% and 76, 87, 90, 95% under the effect of 6, 8, 10, and 12 dS m‑1 respectively, while improvement in TA, TSS, firmness and acidity peaked at EC=12 dS m‑1. Salinity induced a shorter growth cycle and earlier flowering, fruiting and fruit maturity dates. The beneficial effect of MKP in mitigating salinity effect was the most obvious at EC=6/MKP=2 and EC=8/MKP=2 inducing best averages of vegetative and productive parameters compared to EC=6/MKP=0 and EC=8/MKP=0. Leaf and stem composition were also affected by MKP application. The highest N and P contents in stem were observed at EC=10/MKP=3.5 (1.79 and 0.25%, respectively) and K content was the highest at EC=6/MKP=3.5 (3.07%). N content in leaves was the highest in the control (2.38%), while P and K peaked respectively at EC=8/MKP=2 (0.19%) and EC=6/MKP=3.5 (2.99%). Results of polynomial model predicted an optimal use of MKP as fertilizer when applied with a dose of 2 g L‑1, while a non-beneficial use of MKP on salt-tolerance was predicted at EC>10 dS m‑1.

Monopotassium phosphate is an inorganic compound used as a laxative, dietary supplement and for electrolyte-replacement purposes. Phosphate, a predominant intracellular anion, plays an important role in energy storage, osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities, regulating serum calcium concentrations and numerous cellular phosphate-transfer reactions. Monopotassium phosphate increases fluidity of the intestinal contents by retention of water by osmotic forces, thereby indirectly inducing intestinal smooth muscle constriction.
Monopotassium phosphate is an inorganic compound used as a laxative, dietary supplement and for electrolyte-replacement purposes. Phosphate, a predominant intracellular anion, plays an important role in energy storage, osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities, regulating serum calcium concentrations and numerous cellular phosphate-transfer reactions. Monopotassium phosphate increases fluidity of the intestinal contents by retention of water by osmotic forces, thereby indirectly inducing intestinal smooth muscle constriction.

What is the most important information I should know about Monopotassium phosphate?
You should not use Monopotassium phosphate if you have low levels of calcium, or high levels of potassium or phosphorus in your body.

What is Monopotassium phosphate?
Phosphorus is a naturally occurring substance that is important in every cell of the body. Phosphorous is contained in all body cells and is used for growth and repair of cells and tissues.
Monopotassium phosphate is used to treat or prevent hypophosphatemia (low blood levels of phosphorus). Monopotassium phosphate is sometimes added to intravenous (IV) fluids given to people who cannot eat or drink anything.
Monopotassium phosphate and sodium phosphate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Monopotassium phosphate?
You should not use Monopotassium phosphate if you have:
high levels of potassium in your blood (hyperkalemia);
low levels of calcium in your blood (hypocalcemia); or
high levels of phosphorus in your blood (hyperphosphatemia).
To make sure this medicine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
heart disease;
kidney disease; or
Addison's disease (an adrenal gland disorder).
It is not known whether Monopotassium phosphate will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
It is not known whether Monopotassium phosphate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Monopotassium phosphate and sodium phosphate should not be given to a child younger than 4 years old without a doctor's advice.

How is Monopotassium phosphate given?
Monopotassium phosphate is injected into a vein through an IV. A healthcare provider will give you this injection.
Monopotassium phosphate must be mixed with a liquid (diluent) before using it. If you are using the injections at home, be sure you understand how to properly mix and store the medicine.
Monopotassium phosphate must be given slowly.
While using this medicine, you may need frequent blood or urine tests.
Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

What happens if I miss a dose?
Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while taking Monopotassium phosphate?
Ask your doctor before using an antacid, and use only the type your doctor recommends. Some antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb Monopotassium phosphate and sodium phosphate.
Avoid taking a vitamin or mineral supplement that contains calcium or vitamin D, unless your doctor tells you to.
Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes while you are taking Monopotassium phosphate and sodium phosphate, unless your doctor has told you to.

What are the possible side effects of Monopotassium phosphate?
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Tell your caregivers right away if you have any signs of electrolyte imbalance, such as:
numbness or tingly feeling around your mouth;
fast or slow heart rate;
a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out;
muscle tightness or contraction, overactive reflexes;
weakness or loss of movement in any part of your body;
slow or unusual heart rate;
nausea, confusion, weakness; or
numbness or tingling in your arms or legs.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Monopotassium phosphate?
Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any you start or stop using, especially:
digoxin, digitalis; or
a diuretic or "water pill" (especially amiloride, eplerenone, spironolactone, or triamterene).
This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with Monopotassium phosphate, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide.

What is Monopotassium phosphate?
Phosphorus is a naturally occurring substance that is important in every cell of the body. Phosphorous is contained in all body cells and is used for growth and repair of cells and tissues.
Monopotassium phosphate is used to treat or prevent hypophosphatemia (low blood levels of phosphorus). Monopotassium phosphate is sometimes added to intravenous (IV) fluids given to people who cannot eat or drink anything.
Monopotassium phosphate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Important Information
You should not use Monopotassium phosphate if you have low levels of calcium, or high levels of potassium or phosphorus in your body.
Before taking this medicine
You should not use Monopotassium phosphate if you have:
high levels of potassium in your blood (hyperkalemia);
low levels of calcium in your blood (hypocalcemia); or
high levels of phosphorus in your blood (hyperphosphatemia).

Tell your doctor if you have ever had:
heart disease;
kidney disease; or
Addison's disease (an adrenal gland disorder).
Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Do not give Monopotassium phosphate to a child younger than 4 years old without a doctor's advice.

How is Monopotassium phosphate given?
Monopotassium phosphate is given as an infusion into a vein. A healthcare provider will give your first dose and may teach you how to properly use the medication by yourself.
Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you don't understand all instructions.
Monopotassium phosphate must be mixed with a liquid (diluent) before using it. When using injections by yourself, be sure you understand how to properly mix and store the medicine.
Prepare an injection only when you are ready to give it. Do not use if the medicine has changed colors or has particles in it. Call your pharmacist for new medicine.
You will need frequent medical tests.

What should I avoid while taking Monopotassium phosphate?
Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes, unless your doctor has told you to.
Avoid taking a vitamin or mineral supplement that contains calcium or vitamin D, unless your doctor tells you to.
Ask your doctor before using an antacid, and use only the type your doctor recommends. Some antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb Monopotassium phosphate.

Monopotassium phosphate side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Tell your caregivers right away if you have any signs of electrolyte imbalance, such as:
confusion, severe weakness;
a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out;
nausea, chest pain, irregular heartbeats;
numbness or tingling in your arms or legs;
weakness or heavy feeling in your legs;
loss of movement in any part of your body; or
slow heart rate, weak pulse, fainting, slow breathing.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Monopotassium phosphate side effects (more detail)
Monopotassium phosphate dosing information
Usual Adult Dose for Hypophosphatemia:
Hypophosphatemia: Dose and rate of administration are dependent on individual patient needs
Total parenteral nutrition: 12 to 15 millimolar phosphorous is recommended for each 500 mL 50% dextrose injection
-Keep in mind the amount of potassium being infused; monitor serum potassium and/or electrocardiographic changes as needed
Comments:
-Must be diluted before administration.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Hypophosphatemia:
Hypophosphatemia: Dose and rate of administration are dependent on individual patient needs
Infants receiving total parenteral nutrition: 1.5 to 2 millimolar phosphorous/kg/day
-Keep in mind the amount of potassium being infused; monitor serum potassium and/or electrocardiographic changes as needed
Comments:
-Must be diluted before administration.