PRODUCTS

MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL

CAS NUMBER: 57-55-6

EC NUMBER: 200-338-0

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH3CH(OH)CH2OH

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 76.09

Monopropylene Glycol is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2.
Monopropylene Glycol is a viscous colorless liquid with an odorless but slightly sweet taste.

Monopropylene Glycol is chemically classified as a diol and is miscible with a wide range of solvents such as water, acetone and chloroform.
Monopropylene Glycol is produced on a large scale and is primarily used in polymer production, but also sees use as a process fluid in food processing and low temperature heat exchange applications.

Monopropylene Glycol has E-number E1520 for food applications.
Monopropylene Glycol is a clear, colorless and hygroscopic liquid.

Monopropylene Glycol contains an asymmetric carbon atom, so it exists in two enantiomers.
Monopropylene Glycol is a racemic mixture.

Pure optical isomers can be obtained by hydration of optically pure propylene oxide.
Monopropylene Glycol is a high purity clear colorless solvent with low volatility, miscible with water, alcohol and ether.

Monopropylene Glycol is especially suitable for cosmetic applications. It is neutral and hygroscopic.
Monopropylene Glycol is miscible with water in all proportions, less miscible with alcohols, esters and ketones.

Monopropylene Glycol is a germicide of roughly equal strength to ethanol. It stops the reproduction of microorganisms in solutions.
Generally, the desired effect is achieved with a concentration in the range of 15-30%.

Monopropylene Glycol is produced especially in high purity and odorless in order to meet the needs of the cosmetics industry.
Monopropylene Glycol is mainly used as feedstock for the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins but also as a solvent, humectant and preservative in food and tobacco products.

Monopropylene glycol (also known as propylene glycol, PG, propan1, 2diol and MPG) is a clear, colourless and viscous liquid with a characteristic odour and has the formula C3H8O2.
Monopropylene Glycol is soluble in water and holds hygroscopic properties, meaning it can attract hard water molecules.

The most common process is by the non-catalytic hydrolysis of propylene oxide in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment.
The second method is the catalytic one, which can proceed at 150 °C, in the presence of ion exchange resin, or a small amount of sulphuric acid or alkali.

Monopropylene Glycol can also be produced from glycerol which is a bio-diesel by-product.
The demand for, and consumption of, Monopropylene Glycol is high with an estimated 1.2 million tonnes produced yearly by plants situated around the world.

There are many uses for mono propylene glycol across many different industries and some chemical manufacturers produce two grades of MPG to meet these varied needs.
The first grade is used in the food industry for food colourings and flavourings and is also a classified humectant food additive (E1520).

There are also many applications in the cosmetics industry that use this solvent, specifically personal care products including shampoos, bubble baths, baby wipes and as a moisturiser in make-up.
The second is industrial grade Monopropylene Glycol which has a variety of uses but the main application is as an antifreeze and aircraft wing and runway de-icer which is because its freezing point lowers upon mixing with water.

Monopropylene Glycol is also used in heat transfer liquids such as engine coolants.
Monopropylene Glycol is additionally used in the pharmaceutical industry, examples include as a chemical intermediate in the production of high-performance unsaturated polyester resins used in paints and varnishes and as an excellent solvent utilised in printing inks.

Monopropylene Glycol is also used in the manufacturing of non-ionic detergents which are used in the petroleum, sugar-refining, and papermaking industries, the cryonics industry and as an additive in pipe tobacco, preventing dehydration.,
Mono propylene glycol (with or without the space), is a viscous, colourless and odourless liquid.

Monopropylene Glycol carries hygroscopic properties (readily attracts moisture from the air) and is miscible in all rations with water, alcohols, esters, ketones and amines.
Derived from Propylene Oxide, Monopropylene Glycol also goes by the chemical synonyms, MPG, Propane-1,2-Diol, PG and carries the chemical formula C3H8O2.

Monopropylene Glycol is used as an antifreeze in application areas that may come into contact with food in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries.
Monopropylene Glycol is used as a moisturizer in the production of products such as shampoo, bath foam, baby wipes and make-up products in the Personal Care production sector.

Monopropylene Glycol is also used as a humidifier in the production of ultrasound gel as a medical material.
Monopropylene Glycol is used to synthesize topical, injectable and orally administered formulations as solvent chemicals.

Monopropylene Glycol is also used in the manufacture of many chemical substances as a solvent chemical.
For example, Monopropylene Glycol is used as a solvent in flow processes in the production of chemicals such as paint manufacturing, plastic industry, food dyes, flavoring agents.

Monopropylene Glycol is also used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries in order to retain the moisture and absorb excess water.
Monopropylene Glycol is used as an additive in the production of some foods in the food industry.

Monopropylene Glycol is used in the production of polyester compounds to carry out the disinfection process.
Monopropylene Glycol is used in the production of artificial smoke, which is used in the fire fighting scenes in the cinema sector and in the plays in the theater sector.

Mono propylene glycol is used in the manufacture of aircraft wings and vehicles with its antifreeze feature.
When Monopropylene Glycol is mixed with water, the freezing point of water decreases. For this reason, it is used in the windshield wiper water of vehicles in winter.

Monopropylene Glycol also ensures that the wings of the aircraft become resistant to the danger of freezing.
Monopropylene Glycol is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste.

Monopropylene Glycols chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2OH.
Containing two alcohol groups, Monopropylene Glycol is classed as a diol.

Monopropylene Glycol is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform.
In general, Monopropylene Glycols are non-irritating and have very low volatility.

Monopropylene Glycol is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers. In the European Union, it has E-number E1520 for food applications.
For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490.

Monopropylene Glycol is also present in propylene glycol alginate, which is known as E405.
Monopropylene Glycol is a compound which is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the US Food and Drug Administration under 21 CFR x184.1666, and is also approved by the FDA for certain uses as an indirect food additive.

Monopropylene Glycol is approved and used as a vehicle for topical, oral, and some intravenous pharmaceutical preparations in the U.S. and in Europe.
The compound is sometimes called (alpha) α-propylene glycol to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-propylene glycol.

Monopropylene Glycol is chiral.
The S-isomer is produced by biotechnological routes.

Industrially, Monopropylene Glycol is mainly produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use).
According to a 2018 source, 2.16 M tonnes are produced annually.

Manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali.
Monopropylene Glycol can also be obtained from glycerol, a byproduct from the production of biodiesel.

This starting material is usually reserved for industrial use because of the noticeable odor and taste that accompanies the final product.
Monopropylene Glycol is also used in various edible items such as coffee-based drinks, liquid sweeteners, ice cream, whipped dairy products and soda.

Vaporizers used for delivery of pharmaceuticals or personal-care products often include propylene glycol among the ingredients.
In alcohol-based hand sanitizers, Monopropylene Glycol is used as a humectant to prevent the skin from drying.

Monopropylene Glycol is used as a solvent in many pharmaceuticals, including oral, injectable, and topical formulations.
Many pharmaceutical drugs which are insoluble in water utilize propylene glycol as a solvent and carrier; benzodiazepine tablets are one example.

Monopropylene Glycol is also used as a solvent and carrier for many pharmaceutical capsule preparations.
Additionally, certain formulations of artificial tears use Monopropylene Glycol as an ingredient.

Monopropylene Glycol is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2.
Monopropylene Glycol is a viscous colorless liquid which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste.

Monopropylene Glycol is a clear, colorless and hygroscopic liquid.
Monopropylene Glycol contains an asymmetrical carbon atom, so it exists in two enantiomers.

The commercial product is a racemic mixture.
Pure optical isomers can be obtained by hydration of optically pure propylene oxide.

The freezing point of water is depressed when mixed with propylene glycol owing to the effects of dissolution of a solute in a solvent (freezing-point depression).
Monopropylene Glycol is used in various industries because of its physical properties, its low freezing point and good digestibility.

One application for example is the usage as aircraft de-icing fluid.
The main fields of application for technical grade Monopropylene Glycol are polyester resins used in the automotive industry and in shipbuilding.

Other technical fields of application are laundry detergents and antifreeze products, where MPG is used due to the fact that it is non-toxic.
For food grade Monopropylene Glycol, the main field of application is in cosmetics, where it is used as a moisture regulator.

Food grade Monopropylene Glycol accounts for approx. 43% of total consumption worldwide.
Monopropylene Glycol also known as propylene glycol, PG, propan1, 2diol, MPG is a clear, colourless, and viscous liquid with a characteristic odour and the molecular formula C3H8O2, CAS: 57-55-6.

Monopropylene Glycol is soluble in water, and has hygroscopic properties.
Mono propylene glycol is produced from propylene oxide.

Monopropylene Glycol can also be produced from glycerol which is a bio-diesel by-product.
The demand for, and consumption of, mono propylene glycol is high with an estimated 1.2 million tonnes produced yearly by plants situated around the world.

Monopropylene Glycol has a flash point of 103 °C and a specific gravity of 1.04.
Monopropylene Glycol is utilized across many different industries and some chemical manufacturers produce two grades of Monopropylene Glycol to meet these varied needs.

The first grade is used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
Monopropylene Glycol is used as a solvent for food colourings and flavourings.

In the personal care industry it is used as a moisturiser in make-up, shampoo, bubble bath and baby wipes, to name but a few examples.
The pharmaceutical industry uses MPG as a solvent in oral, injectable, and topical formulations.

The main application for industrial grade MPG is as an antifreeze and aircraft wing and runway de-icer because the freezing point of MPG lowers upon mixing with water.
Monopropylene Glycol is also used in heat transfer liquids such as engine coolants.

Monopropylene Glycol can also be used as a chemical intermediate in the production of high performance unsaturated polyester resins used in paints and varnishes.
Monopropylene Glycol is also an excellent solvent that is utilised in printing inks and it is also used in the manufacture of detergents which are used in the petroleum, sugar-refining, and paper making industries.

Monopropylene Glycol is a clear, colourless, and viscous liquid with a characteristic odour.
Monopropylene Glycol has the formula C3H8O, is soluble in water, and has hygroscopic properties.

Monopropylene Glycol is used across a wide range of industries as it has low toxicity, coupled with a freezing point which is depressed upon mixing with water.
Monopropylene glycol, or simply called glycol, is a colorless organic substance, tasteless and odorless, widely used in various sectors of modern industry due to its hydrological properties, as well as for its status as a polyhydric alcohol and its ability to miscibility in water and other liquids such as acetone or chloroform.

Monopropylene Glycol is important to mention that this alcohol is obtained by hydration of propylene oxide, so it is a relatively easy substance to produce.
Monopropylene Glycol is possible to find two types of monopropylene glycol in the modern market.

The technical grade for industrial use and monopropylene glycol USP, which is for human use.
Unlike other organic substances, monopropylene glycol is characterized by two hydroxyl groups present in its chemical structure, so it has a more viscous texture and a significantly higher density than most alcohols.

Another striking feature of this alcohol is that Monopropylene Glycol can restore the moisture levels of the skin, so Monopropylene Glycol is a common component in many moisturizers and restorative creams, as it has the ability to conduct the water present in the dermis to the inner layers of the skin to reduce dryness.
Monopropylene glycol is also used in the cosmetic industry as an active component in different products, including shaving lotions, deodorants, repairing masks, styling creams, shampoos, conditioners, beard soaps and balms, all because it is an excellent lubricant, which prevents irritation of skin with dryness problems.

USES:

Monopropylene Glycol is widely used in formulations in bakery products. It is used in aroma and essence industry, medicine and cosmetics.
Monopropylene Glycols technical quality form; It is an important material for polyurethane plastics and polyester resins.

Monopropylene Glycol is also used in the lubrication of freezer machines in the tobacco industry and food industry.
As a preservative in cosmetic products in emulsion formation,

As a solvent for fragrances (essences),
As an extractor to extract active extracts from natural extracts,

Monopropylene Glycol is used as a lubricant (eg for machinery used in the cosmetic industry).
Monopropylene Glycol has a softening feature on the skin in cosmetics and detergents, it is used to reduce irritation on the skin from surfactants.

Monopropylene Glycol is used 1-5% in jelly, 0.5-5% in shampoo, 5-10% in creams, 5-10% in sun milk.
Forty-five percent of the Monopropylene Glycol produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins.

Monopropylene Glycol replaces ethylene glycol in low toxicity, environmentally friendly automotive antifreezes.
Monopropylene Glycol is also used for wintering plumbing systems in empty structures.

There are a wide range of uses for MPG across a variety of different industries including use in agriculture, cosmetics, coolants, de-icers, e-cigarette and vape products, pharmaceutical, personal care and in the production of a number of end products including paints and inks.
Monopropylene glycol works to assist in the formulation of glucose to rebalance negative energy experienced in dairy carrel, particularly during periods of calving.

Monopropylene Glycol can be administered to dairy cows orally via drencher, in conjunction with a robotic system or mixed with feed.
Monopropylene Glycol serves as a readily available energy source in ketosis treatment and prevention and has an energy value of 23.6 Mj/Kg

Monopropylene Glycol is used in vape juice as a carrier, effectively transporting more flavour in your vape than vegetable glycerine (VG).
Monopropylene Glycol also provides that ‘throat hit’ a lot of ex-smokers look for.

Monopropylene glycol USP is widely used in most cosmetic and personal care products including moisturisers, shampoos, shower gels, fragrances and soaps.
Because of Monopropylene Glycols hygroscopic properties Monopropylene Glycol retains moisture therefore enhancing the appearance of skin.

In perfumes Monopropylene Glycol carries fragrance and, as an odourless and colourless chemical it is used as a diluent.
Monopropylene Glycol is found in many prepared and long-life foods to maintain moisture and preserve quality.

Monopropylene Glycol based de-icing fluids, particularly in airplane de-icer, are often a mix of water, corrosion inhibitors and propylene glycol which work to remove ice and snow whilst also acting as a freezing point depressant (The freezing point of MPG lowers once mixed with water).
Variants of this product contain thickening agents to help Monopropylene Glycol adhere to surfaces to help reduce the amount of ice that forms between take-off and landing.

In heat transfer liquids monopropylene glycol is added for its freeze protection and, as a non-toxic glycol compared to other glycols (ethylene glycol) can be safely used in applications where there may be incidental food contact (for example in immersion wort chillers in brewing where a cooling coil runs through conditioning tanks to control temperature during fermentation).
Monopropylene Glycols also maintain consistent water-flow at the chosen operating temperature; however, it is important to use a glycol with added inhibitors (such as Monarch’s MonCool range of inhibited glycols) in order to reduce the formation of scale and risk of corrosion to protect the metal.

Other uses of Monopropylene glycol include use in the production of polyester resins, as an ingredient in special effect fog machine liquids and in the manufacture of paints, inks, surface coatings and lubricants.
Monopropylene Glycol is a derivative of Propylene Oxide (PO) and is produced in a twostep process.

The first step is the reaction of PO with water into a mixture of MPG and Dipropylene
Monopropylene Glycol and the second step is the distillation and purification of the mixture into its two separate components (MPG and DPG) with MPG being the main component.

Pharmacopoeia grade, which is produced applying Good Manufacturing Practices as described for pharmaceutical excipients.
Monopropylene Glycol is a colourless, viscous and odourless liquid.

Monopropylene Glycol is highly hygroscopic and miscible in all ratios with water, alcohols, esters, ketones and amines.
Monopropylene Glycol has limited miscibility with halogenated hydrocarbons and is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons.

The most important end use of Monopropylene Glycol industrial grade is in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, which, in turn, are used to make everyday items such as bath tubs, small boats and water/chemical tanks and pipes.
Other end use application areas are paints and coatings; airplane de-icers/anti-icers; antifreeze and industrial coolants; detergents; hydraulic fluids.

Monopropylene Glycol grade is used in food, beverage and animal feed, in pharmaceuticals as an excipient (inactive ingredient or carrier in a pharmaceutical product), in cosmetics and personal care products.
The application of Monopropylene Glycol for direct injections into the blood system is not allowed.

Likewise, Monopropylene Glycol is not for use in cat food because of a species-specific effect on blood cells of cats.
Use of Monopropylene Glycol in tobacco applications and electronic cigarettes is not supported.

For both Monopropylene Glycol industrial and MPG USP grades, the use in theatrical fogs and artificial smoke generation is also not supported.
Monopropylene Glycol has low acute toxicity by oral, dermal or inhalation routes.

There is low concern for skin sensitisation and there are no reports of respiratory sensitisation although there is extensive exposure to this substance given the wide spectrum of professional and consumer uses.
Monopropylene Glycol is transported by tank truck and vessel as bulk and packaged (drums, intermediate bulk containers (IBC) products.

Monopropylene Glycol grade needs specific attention regarding product quality and purity.
Therefore, dedicated equipment and specific cleaning procedures as well as stringent controls throughout the whole supply chain are necessary.

Monopropylene Glycol is hygroscopic and requires storage equipped with drying devices to protect the product from humidity.
Nitrogen blanketing compatible to USP requirements is the preferred means of keeping the product dry and ensuring its shelf life.

Storage temperature should not exceed 104°F /40°C and the product should not be stored in direct sunlight.
In cold climates, tank heating devices and insulation must be installed.

Monopropylene Glycol is completely miscible with water, similar to all other glycols.
Monopropylene Glycol combines with a freezing point where precipitation can occur when mixed with water.

For this reason, Monopropylene Glycol is widely used in different industries and industries.
Monopropylene Glycols low toxicity is also a factor in its widespread use.

Monopropylene Glycol is soluble in water, alcohol, gasoline, acetone, chloroform, ether and ethanol.
While Monopropylene Glycol can dissolve well in essential oils, it cannot dissolve in fixed oils.

Monopropylene Glycol has different types as Propylene Glycol, mono propylene glycol, di propylene glycol and tri propylene glycol.
In addition, Monopropylene Glycol has different names such as propylene glycol farma, Mono Propylene Glycol USP, 1,2-Dihydroxypropane and 1,2-Propanediol.

Monopropylene Glycol is most commonly obtained by non-catalytic hydrolysis of propylene oxide under high pressure and temperature.
Another production method of Monopropylene Glycol is the method of displacement of ions.

In this production method, Monopropylene Glycol is obtained by replacing anions and cations.
Here, some sulfuric acid is produced by alkaline chemical and non-catalytic mono propylene glycol ion exchange resin at 150 degrees.

In addition, as a result of the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and propylene oxide, propylene glycol and other products could be obtained.
Monopropylene Glycol should be stored away from flame, high temperature and sunlight.

Monopropylene Glycol is a colorless and clear liquid substance with a mild taste but odourless.
Monopropylene Glycol has a density of 1.04 g/cm3 at 64 °C.

Monopropylene Glycol has a solubility of 1000mg/ml at 20°C.
Monopropylene Glycols boiling point is 187.6 C at 760 mm civic pressure.

Monopropylene Glycols melting point is -60 C.
Monopropylene Glycol has a solubility of 1000 mg/ml at 20 °C.

USAGE AREAS:

-Pharmaceutical Industry

-Food Production Sector

-Chemical Production

-Veterinary Practices

-Cosmetics and Personal Care Industry

-Cinema and Theater Sector

-Vehicle and Aircraft Industry

APPLICATIONS:

-As a solvent for many substances, both natural and synthetic.

-As a humectant (E1520).

-As a freezing point depressant for slurry ice.

-In veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants.

-In the cosmetics industry, where propylene glycol is very commonly used as a carrier or base for various types of makeup.

-For trapping and preserving insects (including as a DNA preservative).

-For the creation of theatrical smoke and fog in special effects for film and live entertainment.

-While many of these machines use a Monopropylene Glycol-based fuel, some use oil.

-Those which use Monopropylene Glycol do so in a process that is identical to how electronic cigarettes work; utilizing a heating element to produce a dense vapor.

-The vapor produced by these machines has the aesthetic look and appeal of smoke, but without exposing performers and stage crew to the harms and odors associated with actual smoke.

-As an additive in PCR to reduce the melting temperature of nucleic acids for targeting of GC rich sequences.

-as a surfactant, Monopropylene Glycol is used to prevent water from beading up on objects.

-Monopropylene Glycol is used in photography for this purpose to reduce the risk of water spots, or deposits of minerals from water used to process film or paper.

SPECIFICATIONS:

-Appearance: Water-white sticky-thick liquid

-Melting point: -59.5°C

-Flash point: 107°C (open cup)/98.9°C (closed cup)

-Boiling point/boiling range: 187.3°C

-Relative density: 1.0381g/ml (20°C)

-Content: %99.5 min

-Color Tone (APHA): 10.0 max

-Index of retraction（nD20）: 1.433-1.435

-Moisture: %0.2 max

-Free acid (as CH3OOH%)ppm: 75 max

-Ash ppm: 80 max

CHARACTERISTICS:

-Exact Mass: 76.052429 g/mol

-Flashpoint: 210 °F / 98.9 °C

-Boiling Point: 370.8 °F / 188.2 °C

-Melting Point: −74 °F / −59 °C

-Vapour Pressure: 0.13 mm Hg at 25 °C

-Water Solubility: Miscible

-Density: 1.0361 g/cu cm at 20 °C

-Log P: -1.34

PROPERTIES:

Quality Level: 200

agency: USP/NF, meets USP testing specifications

vapor density: 2.62 (vs air)

vapor pressure: 0.08 mmHg ( 20 °C)

autoignition temp.: 779 °F

expl. lim.: 12.5 %

refractive index: n20/D 1.432 (lit.)

bp: 187 °C (lit.)

mp: −60 °C (lit.)

density: 1.036 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

application(s): pharmaceutical (small molecule)

SMILES string: CC(O)CO

InChI: 1S/C3H8O2/c1-3(5)2-4/h3-5H,2H2,1H3

InChI key: DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

STORAGE:

Monopropylene Glycol is stored and moved in stainless steel or mild steel tanks and can be transported by tank trucks.
Monopropylene Glycol is not classified as dangerous for any mode of transport and is not hazardous to health.
Monopropylene Glycol has a flash point of 103 °C (closed cup) and a specific gravity of 1.04.

SYNONYM:

1,2-propanediol
propane-1,2-diol
57-55-6
1,2-Propylene glycol
1,2-dihydroxypropane
2-Hydroxypropanol
Methylethyl glycol
Methylethylene glycol
Isopropylene glycol
Monopropylene glycol
Dowfrost
Sirlene
Trimethyl glycol
alpha-Propyleneglycol
Propylene Glycol USP
2,3-Propanediol
Solargard P
Solar Winter BAN
dl-Propylene glycol
DL-1,2-Propanediol
Ucar 35
Sentry Propylene Glycol
1,2-Propylenglykol
(RS)-1,2-Propanediol
(+-)-1,2-Propanediol
PG 12
(+-)-Propylene glycol
FEMA No. 2940
propylenglycol
Caswell No. 713
(+/-)-1,2-propanediol
alpha-Propylene glycol
1,2-Propylenglykol
CCRIS 5929
HSDB 174