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MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is racemate is a hygroscopic viscous liquid and is slightly spicy.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is scientifically named as “1,2-propanediol”, and has a chemical formula of CH3CHOHCH2OH and a molecular weight of 76.10.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is relatively stable to heat and light, and is more stable at low temperatures.
CAS Number: 57-55-6
Molecular Formula: C3H8O2
Molecular Weight: 76.09
EINECS Number: 200-338-0
Synonyms: propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, propane-1,2-diol, 57-55-6, 1,2-Propylene glycol, 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 2-Hydroxypropanol, Isopropylene glycol, Methylethyl glycol, Methylethylene glycol, Monopropylene glycol, Dowfrost, Sirlene, Trimethyl glycol, 2,3-Propanediol, Propylene Glycol USP, Solargard P, alpha-Propyleneglycol, Solar Winter BAN, dl-Propylene glycol, DL-1,2-Propanediol, Methyl glycol, Ucar 35, 1,2-Propylenglykol, (RS)-1,2-Propanediol, Sentry Propylene Glycol, PG 12, FEMA No. 2940, (+-)-1,2-Propanediol, Kilfrost ABC-S, (+-)-Propylene glycol, Caswell No. 713, General lube, Kollisolv pg, CCRIS 5929, HSDB 174, 1,2 Propanediol, All purpose lubricant, AI3-01898, alpha-Propylene glycol, 1,2-Propylenglykol [German], NSC 69860, HOCH2CH(OH)Me, MeCH(OH)CH2OH, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068603, CHEBI:16997, Propyleneglycolum, .alpha.-Propylene glycol, CH3CH(OH)CH2OH, HOCH2CH(OH)CH3, 1,2-(RS)-Propanediol, propylene glycerol, Propylene glycol (solvent), 1,2-propandiol, EINECS 200-338-0, (+/-)-1,2-propanediol, 1000PG, NSC-69860, SDM No. 27, 1,2-propane-diol, Ins-1520, UNII-6DC9Q167V3, BRN 1340498, L-1,2-propanediol, DTXSID0021206, PROPANEDIOL-, 6DC9Q167V3, Propylene glycol dl-form, S-(+)-Propylene glycol, MFCD00064272, Ins no.1520, 123120-98-9, propylenglycol, Propylene glycol [USP
], DTXCID901206, 1,2-Propanediol (8CI,9CI), 1,2-PDO, E-1520, EC 200-338-0, (2RS)-PROPANE-1,2-DIOL, NSC69860, Poly(propylene glycol) average Mn 400, NCGC00090739-02, Poly(propylene glycol) average Mn 2000, Poly(propylene glycol) average Mn 4000, ( inverted exclamation markA)-1,2-Propanediol, Prolugen, Propylene glycol (USP
), PROPYLENE GLYCOL (II), PROPYLENE GLYCOL [II], propylene-glycol, C3H8O2, Propan-1,2-Diol, Ilexan P, PROPYLENE GLYCOL (MART.), PROPYLENE GLYCOL [MART.], PROPYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS), PROPYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS], 1,2-(RS)-Propanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propylene glycol, PROPYLENE GLYCOL (EP MONOGRAPH), PROPYLENE GLYCOL [EP MONOGRAPH], Glycol, Propylene, CAS-57-55-6, PROPYLENE GLYCOL (USP MONOGRAPH), PROPYLENE GLYCOL [USP MONOGRAPH], 63625-56-9, GLYCEROL IMPURITY C (EP IMPURITY), GLYCEROL IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY], 1,2-propane diol, ()-1,2-propanediol, (S)-(+)-Propylene glycerol, Propilenoglicol, Propylenglykol, Propylenglycolum, Systane Balance, Metiletilenglicol, Propyleeniglykoli, Vet Lube, Glicol propilenico, Glikol propylenowy, 1-2-propanediol, 1.2-propanediol, OB Lube, 2-Dihydroxypropanol, Propylene glycol; (RS)-propane-1,2-diol; Glycerol Imp. C (EP); GR 43314X; Glycerol Impurity C, Systane COMPLETE, 1,2 -propanediol, Lubiseptol Lubricant, 1,2-Hydroxypropane, 1,2-propyleneglycol, Propylene Glycol (Propane-1,2-diol), Propane-1,2-glycol, LS-1391
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is L-isomer has a boiling point of 187 to 189 °C and a specific optical rotation [α] of D20-15.0°.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) can be oxidized at high temperatures to propionaldehyde, lactic acid, pyruvic acid and acetic acid.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a diol having the general nature of the alcohol.
Its chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2OH.
As it contains two alcohol groups, it is classed as a diol.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform.
In general, glycols are non-irritating and have very low volatility.
Commercial processes typically use the racemate.
The S-isomer is produced by biotechnological routes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a solvent and carrier in pharmaceutical formulations such as oral liquids, creams, and lotions.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) helps dissolve active ingredients and improve the stability of the formulation.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a food additive, particularly in products where it functions as a humectant, preservative, or solvent.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is considered safe for use in food and is often found in processed foods, beverages, and food flavorings.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a common ingredient in cosmetics, skin care products, and personal care items such as lotions, shampoos, and deodorants.
It helps to maintain moisture, improve texture, and stabilize formulations.
Due to its low freezing point and high boiling point, monopropylene glycol is used as an antifreeze agent in automotive coolant formulations and as a heat transfer fluid in industrial applications.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) serves as a precursor in the production of various chemicals, including unsaturated polyester resins, plasticizers, and polyurethanes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is sometimes used in deicing solutions to melt ice on aircraft, runways, and roads during winter months.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has good solubility and less toxicity and irritation, and is widely used as solvents, extraction solvents and preservatives for injections (eg. intramuscular injections, intravenous injections) and non-injectable pharmaceutical preparations (such as oral liquid, ophthalmic preparations, otic preparations, dental preparations, rectovaginal preparations, transdermal preparations, etc.).
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is better than glycerol solvent and can dissolve many substances such as corticosteroids (sex hormone), chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, barbiturate, reserpine, quinidine, corticosterone acetate, tetrahydropalmatine sulfate,
mechlorethamine hydrochloride, vitamin A, vitamin D, many volatile oils, most of the alkaloids and many local anesthetics.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is similar to ethanol when used as a bacteriostatic agent, and its efficacy to inhibit mold is similar to glycerin and is slightly lower than that of ethanol.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is commonly used as a plasticizer for the aqueous film coating materials.
Its mixture with equal amounts of water can delay the hydrolysis of certain drugs, and increase the stability of the preparation product.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as an antimicrobial preservative in 15% to 30% propylene glycol solution and semi-solid formulation, as humectants in about 15% propylene glycol topical formulation, and as solvent and co-solvent in 10% to 30% propylene glycol aerosol solvent, 10% to 25 % propylene glycol oral solution, 10% to 60% injectable formulation and 5% to 80% topical formulation.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is very stable at room temperature, but is oxidized when left open at high temperatures (above 280 °C); has a chemical stability after mixing with 95% ethanol or water; can be sterilized by autoclaving or sterile filtration.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has hygroscopicity, and should be positioned at cool and dry place and stored in dark airtight container.
The filler is polyethylene glycol 20M (Carbowax compound 20M) 4%, and the carrier is a 40/60 mesh sieved polytetrafluoroethylene (Chromosorb T) or similar material.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) and water are fed in a molar ratio of 1: 15, and react at 150-2000 °C, a pressure of 1.2-1.4 MPa for 30 minutes to obtain 16% aqueous solution of propylene glycol, which is subjected to evaporation to obtain the finished product.
The reaction is performed under catalyzation of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is added into 10% to 15% aqueous solution of propylene oxide, the mixture is hydrolyzed at 50 to 70 °C; the hydrolysate is neutralized and concentrated under reduced pressure, and refined to obtain the finished products.
The preparation method is a method in which propylene oxide is hydrolyzed to propylene glycol, and which can be carried out in the liquid phase.
There are catalytic and non-catalytic processes in industry.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a method in which hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of 0.5% to 1% sulfuric acid at 50 to 70 °C.
Non-catalytic process is carried out under high temperature and pressure (150 to 300℃, 980 to 2940kPa), and is used for production in domestic.
Industrially, MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is mainly produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use).
According to a 2018 source, 2.16 M tonnes are produced annually.
Manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali.
Final products contain 20% propylene glycol, 1.5% of dipropylene glycol, and small amounts of other polypropylene glycols.
Further purification produces finished industrial grade or USP/JP/EP/BP grade propylene glycol that is typically 99.5% or greater.
Use of USP (US Pharmacopoeia) MPG (Monopropylene glycol) can reduce the risk of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) rejection.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) can also be obtained from glycerol, a byproduct from the production of biodiesel.
This starting material is usually reserved for industrial use because of the noticeable odor and taste that accompanies the final MPG (Monopropylene glycol).
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) may be non-irritating to the skin, see section Allergic reaction below for details on allergic reactions.
Undiluted propylene glycol is minimally irritating to the eye, producing slight transient conjunctivitis; the eye recovers after the exposure is removed.
A 2018 human volunteer study found that 10 male and female subjects undergoing 4 hours exposures to concentrations of up to 442 mg/m3 and 30 minutes exposures to concentrations of up to 871 mg/m3 in combination with moderate exercise did not show pulmonary function deficits, or signs of ocular irritation, with only slight symptoms of respiratory irritation reported.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has not caused sensitization or carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies, nor has it demonstrated genotoxic potential.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is produced from propylene oxide. The most common process is by the non-catalytic hydrolysis of propylene oxide in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. The second method is the catalytic one, which can proceed at 150 °C, in
the presence of ion exchange resin, or a small amount of sulphuric acid or alkali.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) can also be produced from glycerol which is a bio-diesel by-product.
The demand for, and consumption of, MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is high with an estimated 1.2 million tonnes produced yearly by plants situated around the world.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a high-performance heat transfer fluid designed for use in indirect cooling in domestic, commercial, and industrial cooling applications.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is an antifreeze which is a clear, odourless and slightly viscous liquid.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is non-hazardous, food-safe and used in a huge variety of situations.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a clear, odourless and slightly viscous liquid which has a huge variety of uses due to its heat transfer properties and non-hazardous nature.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a clear, colourless, and viscous liquid organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a type of glycol, which is a family of compounds that contains two hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also known as 1,2-propanediol.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a versatile chemical that is used in a wide range of applications.
One of its most common applications is as a humectant, which means it helps to retain moisture in products.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a humectant in personal care and cosmetic products, such as lotions, creams, and hair conditioners.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used as a solvent in various industries, such as the pharmaceutical industry, where it is used to dissolve active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and in the food industry as a solvent for flavourings and colourings.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used as a solvent for fragrances, inks, and dyes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a clear, colourless and viscous liquid with a very characteristic odour.
It is a type of solvent that is soluble in water and it also holds hygroscopic properties, which in simple terms, means it has the ability to attract had water molecules and can hold onto them.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used widely in a range of industries as it has a low toxicity, not only this but it has a freezing point that is triggered when mixed with water.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has the ability to attract and retain moisture from the surrounding environment, making it useful as a humectant in various products such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) serves as a versatile solvent and diluent in many formulations, aiding in the dissolution of various active ingredients, flavors, and fragrances.
Its miscibility with water and other solvents makes it valuable in numerous applications.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) helps stabilize emulsions by preventing the separation of oil and water phases.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is often used in creams, lotions, and other emulsion-based products to maintain consistency and texture.
Due to its low freezing point and high boiling point, MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is commonly used as an antifreeze agent in automotive coolants, as well as in industrial heating and cooling systems.
It is approved for use as a food additive by regulatory agencies such as the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) and EFSA (European Food Safety Authority).
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used in food processing as a humectant, solvent, and preservative.
In pharmaceuticals, it is utilized as a solvent for oral and injectable medications, as well as a component of topical formulations such as gels and ointments.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is employed in deicing solutions for aircraft, runways, and roads to prevent ice formation during winter months.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used in antifreeze formulations for water-based systems.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) serves as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including polyester resins, plasticizers, polyurethanes, and specialty chemicals.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and pharmaceutical applications when used in accordance with applicable regulations and guidelines.
It is important to handle MPG (Monopropylene glycol) with proper precautions to avoid skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of vapors.
Safety data sheets (SDS) and product labels should be consulted for specific safety information, handling instructions, and first aid measures.
Regulatory agencies such as the FDA, EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), and REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals) in the EU regulate the use of MPG (Monopropylene glycol) in various applications to ensure safety and environmental compliance.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers.
In the European Union, it has E-number E1520 for food applications.
For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also present in propylene glycol alginate, which is known as E405.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a compound which is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the US Food and Drug Administration under 21 CFR x184.1666, and is also approved by the FDA for certain uses as an indirect food additive.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is approved and used as a vehicle for topical, oral, and some intravenous pharmaceutical preparations in the U.S. and in Europe.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is sometimes called (alpha) α-propylene glycol to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-propylene glycol.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is chiral.
It can react with inorganic and organic acids to generate mono-or di-esters.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) reacts with propylene oxide to generate ether, with hydrogen halide to generate halohydrin, and with acetaldehyde to generate methyl dioxolane.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a clear, colourless and viscous liquid with a characteristic odour and has the formula C3H8O2.
This solvent is soluble in water and holds hygroscopic properties, meaning it can attract hard water molecules.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has a specific gravity of 1.036 (25/4 °C), a freezing point of-59 °C, and a boiling point of 188.2 °C, respectively 83.2 °C (1,333 Pa).
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is miscible with water, acetone, ethyl acetate and chloroform, and is soluble in ether.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is soluble in many essential oils, but is not miscible with petroleum ether and paraffin oil.
Melting point: -60 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 187 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.036 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 2.62 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.08 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.432(lit.)
FEMA: 2940 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Flash point: 225 °F
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 14.49±0.20(Predicted)
form: Viscous Liquid
color: APHA: ≤10
Specific Gravity:1.038 (20/20℃)1.036～1.040
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless very slight alcoholic
PH: 6-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 2.4-17.4%(V)
Odor Type: odorless
Water Solubility: miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7855
JECFA Number: 925
BRN: 1340498
Dielectric constant: 32.0
InChIKey: DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.92
Inhalation of propylene glycol vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications.
Due to the lack of chronic inhalation data, it is recommended that propylene glycol not be used in inhalation applications such as theatrical productions, or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.
Recently, propylene glycol (commonly alongside glycerol) has been included as a carrier for nicotine and other additives in e-cigarette liquids, the use of which presents a novel form of exposure.
The potential hazards of chronic inhalation of MPG (Monopropylene glycol) or the latter substance as a whole are as-yet unknown.
According to a 2010 study, the concentrations of PGEs (counted as the sum of MPG (Monopropylene glycol) and glycol ethers) in indoor air, particularly bedroom air, has been linked to increased risk of developing numerous respiratory and immune disorders in children, including asthma, hay fever, eczema, and allergies, with increased risk ranging from 50% to 180%.
This concentration has been linked to use of water-based paints and water-based system cleansers.
However, the study authors write that glycol ethers and not MPG (Monopropylene glycol) are the likely culprit.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is ideal for E-liquid, various food applications, floral waters, moisturising, hair, soap and skin care products.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) can also aid the bonding of oils and blends so that they perfectly combine in food applications.
Due to it being a colourless liquid; this means it can be added to foods, moisturising creams, lotions, bath salts and your other formulations to add additional moisturisation and it is also added to skin and hair care products and soap making as a lubricant and preservative.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a viscous, colourless and odourless organic liquid.
Also referred to as MPG (Monopropylene glycol), it carries the chemical formula C3H802 and has a number of uses across a variety of different industries and applications.
Monarch Chemicals are a leading UK supplier of MPG and can offer USP, Industrial and Feed grades.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has a minimum purity of 99.8%.
This grade has a wide number of uses across food, flavourings, pharmaceutical and personal care products.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a ‘carrier’ in e-cigarette / vape products, delivering the flavour and providing a throat-hit which ex-smokers look for in vape products.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used as an emulsifier in cosmetics, humectant in foods and a plasticiser in personal care products such as hand gels and moisturising creams.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol), or simply called glycol, is a colorless organic substance, tasteless and odorless, widely used in various sectors of modern industry due to its hydrological properties, as well as for its status as a polyhydric alcohol and its ability to miscibility in water and other liquids such as acetone or chloroform.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is important to mention that this alcohol is obtained by hydration of propylene oxide, so it is a relatively easy substance to produce.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is possible to find two types of monopropylene glycol in the modern market: The technical grade for industrial use and monopropylene glycol USP, which is for human use.
There are a variety of uses for MPG (Monopropylene glycol), some companies even produce two grades of MPG (Monopropylene glycol) due to the high demand and also so they can supply for the vary of needs this product has.
The first grade is predominantly used in the food industry, mainly for food flavouring and food colouring.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also a classified humectant food additive (E1520).
There are also many applications for this solvent in the beauty industry, particularly in personal hygiene products, such as bubble bath, shampoo, baby wipes and also moisturiser in makeup.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a clear, colourless and fully miscible liquid.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has a low freezing point thus remains viscous at reduced temperatures.
Provides freezethaw stabilisation; acting as a coupling agent between water and other components when added to water-based systems and slurries.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) solution (40% to 60%, v/vCH2CH[OH]CH2OH, propylene glycol) applied to the skin under plastic occlusion hydrates the skin and causes desquamation of scales.
Vaporizers used for delivery of pharmaceuticals or personal-care products often include propylene glycol among the ingredients.
In alcohol-based hand sanitizers, it is used as a humectant to prevent the skin from drying.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a solvent in many pharmaceuticals, including oral, injectable, and topical formulations.
Many pharmaceutical drugs which are insoluble in water utilize MPG (Monopropylene glycol) as a solvent and carrier; benzodiazepine tablets are one example.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used as a solvent and carrier for many pharmaceutical capsule preparations.
Additionally, certain formulations of artificial tears use propylene glycol as an ingredient.
The freezing point of water is depressed when mixed with propylene glycol.
It is used as aircraft de-icing and anti-icing fluid.
Normally, such time-frame is limited to 15–90 minutes, depending on the severity of snowfall and outside air temperature.
Water-propylene glycol mixtures dyed pink to indicate the mixture is relatively nontoxic are sold under the name of RV or marine antifreeze.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is frequently used as a substitute for ethylene glycol in low toxicity, environmentally friendly automotive antifreeze.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used to winterize the plumbing systems in vacant structures.
The eutectic composition/temperature is 60:40 propylene glycol:water/−60 °C.
The −50 °F/−45 °C commercial product is, however, water rich; a typical formulation is 40:60.
A 50% water-diluted and heated solution is used for removal of icing accretions from the fuselages of commercial aircraft on the ground (de-icing), and 100% undiluted cold solution is used only on wings and tail surfaces of an aircraft in order to prevent ice accretion from forming during a specific period of time before takeoff (anti-icing).
MPG (Monopropylene glycol), isotonic in 2% concentration, is a widely used vehicle in dermatologic preparations.
Hydroalcoholic gels containing MPG (Monopropylene glycol) or other substances augment the keratolytic action of salicylic acid.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol), and water and is an extremely effective keratolytic agent.
Overnight occlusion is used nightly until improvement is evident, at which time the frequency of therapy can be decreased to every third night or once weekly.
This therapy is well tolerated, is usually nonirritating, and has been most successful in patients with X-linked ichthyosis vulgaris.
Burning and stinging may occur when applied to damaged skin.
Patients with other abnormalities of keratinization with hyperkeratosis, scaling, and dryness may also benefit.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a grade of propylene glycol used in various industrial and commercial applications.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is clear, colourless and viscous liquid with almost no odour but a subtly sweet taste.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is soluble in water and has hygroscopic (moisture absorbent) properties.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a colourless liquid that is added to foods, moisturising creams, lotions, bath salts and any other formulations to add additional moisturisation.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also added to skin and hair care products and soap making as a lubricant and preservative.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol), referring to the United States and European Pharmacopoeias, is a high-purity grade of monopropylene glycol for use in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, personal care, flavor and fragrance, plus a variety of other applications.
The clear, colorless, nearly odorless, slightly viscous, water-soluble and hygroscopic liquid with low vapor pressure is produced and handled in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) guidelines.
Forty-five percent of propylene glycol produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins.
In this regard, propylene glycol reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer.
This partially unsaturated polymer undergoes further crosslinking to yield thermoset plastics.
Related to this application, MPG (Monopropylene glycol) reacts with propylene oxide to give oligomers and polymers that are used to produce polyurethanes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used in water-based acrylic architectural paints to extend dry time which it accomplishes by preventing the surface from drying due to its slower evaporation rate compared to water.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used in various edible items such as coffee-based drinks, liquid sweeteners, ice cream, whipped dairy products and soda.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has a low degree of toxicity in animals as well as humans, such that very high doses are needed to elicit effects in acute toxicity studies.
The toxic effects of propylene glycol appear to be similar in animals and in humans.
Central nervous system (CNS) depression, hematologic toxicity, hyperosmolarity, metabolic acidosis, cardiovascular effects, and renal toxicity encompass the main acute and subacute syndromes for MPG (Monopropylene glycol).
Most of the effects of MPG (Monopropylene glycol) can be ascribed to high concentrations of the parent molecule or to the accumulation of D,L-lactate in the blood.
Due to its alcohol moiety, MPG (Monopropylene glycol) at very high concentrations is the most likely reason for the CNS depression.
Also, because high concentrations of MPG (Monopropylene glycol) will increase the osmolarity of the blood, the hyperosmotic effects are likely due to the parent molecule.
The cardiovascular and renal effects may be a result of the hyperosmolarity in combination with the metabolic acidosis.
The acidosis itself results from the accumulation of lactate (both D- and L-forms), which has been well documented in both animals and humans.
Uses Of MPG (Monopropylene glycol):
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used in deicing fluids for aircraft to remove ice and frost from the surfaces of airplane wings, fuselage, and other critical components before takeoff.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is utilized across many different industries and some chemical manufacturers produce two grades of MPG to meet these varied needs.
The first grade is used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a solvent for food colourings and flavourings.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) helps prevent ice accumulation and ensures safe flying conditions during winter weather.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is added to building materials such as concrete, mortar, and grout to improve workability and reduce water evaporation, thereby enhancing moisture retention and curing efficiency.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as an antifreeze agent in radiant heating systems to prevent freezing of water or heat transfer fluids in pipes and radiators, ensuring continuous operation in cold climates.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is employed as a coolant and heat transfer fluid in electronic devices such as computers, servers, and power electronics to dissipate heat generated by electronic components, thereby preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a hydraulic fluid in hydraulic systems and equipment to transmit power and control movement in various industrial and manufacturing processes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as an antifreeze agent in marine engines and cooling systems to prevent freezing and corrosion of engine components, particularly in boats, yachts, and other marine vessels operating in cold climates.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is utilized in textile dyeing and finishing processes as a solvent and wetting agent to facilitate dye penetration, improve color fastness, and enhance fabric softness and handle.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used in leather processing as a moisturizing agent to soften and condition hides and skins during the tanning process, resulting in supple and flexible leather products.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a diluent or solvent for intravenous medications and injectable drugs administered in healthcare settings, ensuring proper dissolution and delivery of pharmaceutical compounds.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is employed as a lubricant and coolant in medical devices such as catheters, endoscopes, and surgical instruments to reduce friction and heat generation during use, improving patient comfort and safety.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is included in cell culture media formulations as a cryoprotectant and osmotic stabilizer to maintain cell viability and integrity during freezing, thawing, and long-term storage in biomedical research laboratories.
In the personal care industry it is used as a moisturiser in make-up, shampoo, bubble bath and baby wipes, to name but a few examples.
The pharmaceutical industry uses MPG (Monopropylene glycol) as a solvent in oral, injectable, and topical formulations.
The main application for industrial grade MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is as an antifreeze and aircraft wing and runway de-icer because the freezing point of MPG lowers upon mixing with water.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used in heat transfer liquids such as engine coolants.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) can also be used as a chemical intermediate in the production of high performance unsaturated polyester resins used in paints and varnishes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also an excellent solvent that is utilised in printing inks and it is also used in the manufacture of detergents which are used in the petroleum, sugar-refining, and paper making industries.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a humecant in food and cosmetics to maintain moisture levels in products.
These can include marshmallows, coconut flakes, shampoo and baby wipes along with many other products.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as an antifreeze for various reasons, including as an engine coolant additive, home water pipes and food processing systems.
Because MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is non toxic, it is safe to use in food applications where accidental ingestion may occur.
This gives MPG (Monopropylene glycol) a huge advantage over other antifreezes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a humectant in food products to help retain moisture and prevent them from drying out.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is commonly found in baked goods, confectionery, snacks, and processed foods.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) serves as a solvent for flavors, colors, and food additives, aiding in their dispersion and incorporation into food products.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is added to powdered food products to prevent clumping and improve flowability.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a solvent for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in oral and injectable medications, including syrups, elixirs, and liquid formulations.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) serves as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a common ingredient in topical products such as creams, lotions, gels, and ointments, where it acts as a vehicle for delivering active ingredients to the skin.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) helps maintain skin hydration by attracting and retaining moisture.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used in moisturizers, creams, lotions, and facial cleansers.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) serves as a solvent for fragrances, botanical extracts, and other cosmetic ingredients, ensuring their proper dispersion and stability.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is added to shampoos, conditioners, and hair styling products to improve texture, manageability, and moisture retention.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a key component in automotive antifreeze formulations, where it helps prevent freezing and boiling of engine coolant, protecting the engine from temperature extremes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a hydraulic fluid in automotive power steering systems and brake fluids due to its low viscosity and excellent thermal stability.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is utilized in industrial processes as a humectant in textile manufacturing, paper production, and tobacco processing.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) also serves as a solvent for resins, dyes, and specialty chemicals.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a heat transfer fluid in industrial heating and cooling systems, as well as in refrigeration equipment, due to its low freezing point and high boiling point.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is employed in deicing solutions for aircraft, runways, roads, and sidewalks to melt ice and snow during winter weather conditions.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used as an antifreeze agent for water-based systems in cold climates.
In the tobacco industry, MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is added to tobacco products to maintain moisture content and improve flavor.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a component in drilling fluids, as well as in gas dehydration and natural gas processing.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a solvent and diluent in the formulation of printing inks for offset, flexographic, and gravure printing processes.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used for similar applications as other glycols.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is an important raw material for unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin, and polyurethane resin.
The use amount in this area accounts for about 45% of the total consumption of propylene glycol.
Such unsaturated polyester is used extensively for reinforced plastics and surface coatings.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is excellent in viscosity and hygroscopicity and is non-toxic, and thus is widely used as hygroscopic agent, antifreeze, lubricants and solvents in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
In the food industry, MPG (Monopropylene glycol) reacts with fatty acid to give propylene ester of fatty acids, and is mainly used as food emulsifier; Propylene glycol is a good solvent for flavorings and pigments.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is commonly used as solvents, softeners and excipients, etc. in the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture of various types of ointments and salves.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used as a solvent and a softener for cosmetic since it has good mutual solubility with various spices.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used as tobacco moisturizing agents, antifungal agents, food processing equipment lubricants and solvents for food marking ink.
Aqueous solution of propylene glycol is an effective anti-freeze agent.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as antifreeze in breweries and diaries, in the manufacture of resins, as a solvent, and as an emulsifier in food.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) was present as an occupational sensitizer in the color-film developer Flexicolor.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a humectant and flavor solvent that is a polyhy- dric alcohol (polyol).
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is a clear, viscous liquid with complete solu- bility in water at 20°c and good oil solvency.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) functions as a humectant, as do glycerol and sorbitol, in maintaining the desired moisture content and texture in foods such as shredded coconut and icings.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) functions as a solvent for flavors and colors that are insoluble in water.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also used in beverages and candy.
Next to water, MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is the most common moisturecarrying vehicle used in cosmetic formulations.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) has better skin permeation than glycerin, and it also gives a pleasant feel with less greasiness than glycerin.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used as a humectant because it absorbs water from the air.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) also serves as a solvent for anti-oxidants and preservatives.
In addition, it has preservative properties against bacteria and fungi when used in concentrations of 16 percent or higher.
There is a concern that propylene glycol is an irritant at high concentrations, though it appears to be quite safe at usage levels under 5 percent.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is used across a wide range of industries as it has low toxicity, coupled with a freezing point which is depressed upon mixing with water.
Safety Profile Of MPG (Monopropylene glycol):
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.
An eye and human skin irritant.
Mutation data reported.
Combustible liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.
Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame.
May react with hydrofluoric acid + nitric acid + silver nitrate to form the explosive silver fulminate.
To fight fire, use alcohol foam.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Slightly toxic by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular routes.
Human systemic effects by ingestion: general anesthesia, convulsions, changes in surface EEG.
Environmental Fate:
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is readily degraded in surface water and soil, by chemical oxidation and microbial digestion, with a short half-life (1–5 days) in aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is also rapidly degraded in the atmosphere by photochemical oxidation, with a half-life about 1 day.
Although environmental releases can and do occur (airports must monitor storm water runoff of deicing solutions), human health effects are likely to be minor, at least in comparison to effects from potential exposures in clinical scenarios.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) can be released into the environment via industrial releases or by disposal of consumer products.
MPG (Monopropylene glycol) is readily soluble in water and has a low sorption partition coefficient (KOC), so has the ability to move through soil and to leach into ground water.
Because of low vapor pressure (0.1 mmHg at 25°C) and high water solubility, there is minimal volatilization to the atmosphere from surface water releases as well as substantial removal of its vapors by wet deposition.
Its low octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW) indicates that bioconcentration and biomagnification should not happen.
