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N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is a polar aprotic solvent widely used for dissolving polymers, resins, and a broad range of organic and inorganic compounds in industrial processing and chemical synthesis.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is valued for strong solvency, high boiling point, and compatibility with many materials, making N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone useful in coatings, electronics manufacturing, petrochemical processing, and specialty formulations.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone must be handled with care because N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone can be readily absorbed through skin and N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is associated with reproductive toxicity concerns, so exposure control, PPE, and regulatory compliance are critical.
CAS Number: 872-50-4
EC Number: 212-828-1
Molecular Formula: C5H9NO
Molecular Weight: 99.13 g/mol
Synonyms: N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone, NMP, 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N-Methylpyrrolidone, NMP Solvent, 872-50-4, NMP Polar Aprotic Solvent, N-Methyl Pyrrolidone, 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent, N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone Solvent, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T related) (use context), N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt (Chloramine-T) (related), N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt (Chloramine-T) (related), p-Toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro- (generic), p-Toluenesulfonamide N-chloro (variant), N-Chloro p-toluenesulfonamide (no hyphen variant), N-Chloro-p-toluene sulfonamide (spacing variant), N-Chloro p-toluene sulfonamide (spacing variant), N-Chloro-para-toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro-para-toluenesulfonamide, para-Toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro-, 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-, p-CH3C6H4SO2NHCl (formula-style), p-CH3C6H4SO2NClH (formula-style), p-Tolylsulfonamide, N-chloro-, p-Tolylsulfonamide N-chloro (variant), N-Chloro-para-tolylsulfonamide, N-chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide (variant), N-Chloro-toluenesulfonamide (p-isomer) (descriptive)
APPLICATIONS
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used as a solvent for polymer processing to dissolve polyimides, polyurethanes, acrylics, and other resins.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into coating formulations where high solvency enables high solids and smooth film formation.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in resin manufacture to control viscosity and support reaction processing.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in electronics manufacturing as a photoresist stripper and cleaning solvent for wafers and components.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into precision cleaning formulations to remove cured resists and organic residues.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in PCB and electronics assembly processes to strip coatings and remove flux residues in compatible systems.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in battery manufacturing as a solvent for binder systems such as PVDF in electrode slurry preparation.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into cathode slurry processes to dissolve PVDF and disperse active materials and conductive carbon.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in lithium-ion electrode coating operations where controlled evaporation supports uniform film formation.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in petrochemical processing and gas treating as a solvent in extraction and purification operations.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into aromatics extraction and hydrocarbon separation processes due to strong selective solvency.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in refinery operations where solvent extraction improves product quality and separation efficiency.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in paint strippers and industrial cleaning products to dissolve coatings and adhesives in compatible formulations.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into graffiti removers to soften and lift cured paint films.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in adhesive removal products where strong solvency is required and regulations allow.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in agrochemical formulations as a solvent and co-solvent for difficult-to-dissolve actives.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into pesticide concentrates to improve solubility and stability of active ingredients.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in seed treatment formulations where strong solvency supports uniform coating.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals as a reaction solvent to support polar reactions and high-temperature processing.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into synthesis routes where strong solvency and low reactivity are advantageous.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in catalytic reactions and crystallization steps where solvent polarity is critical.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in inks and printing where strong solvency improves pigment wetting and resin dissolution.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into specialty inks for electronics and industrial marking.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in varnishes and overprint coatings where high boiling point supports open time and leveling.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in membrane manufacturing as a solvent for phase inversion processes.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is incorporated into polymer dope solutions to create controlled porosity membranes.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in filtration membrane production for water treatment and industrial separation.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is valued because N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone provides powerful solvency and process flexibility, but N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone use requires strict exposure control and regulatory compliance due to health concerns.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used as a polar aprotic solvent in chemical manufacturing.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone dissolves a wide range of resins, polymers, and organic compounds.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports high-solvency formulations where strong solvent power is needed.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used as a reaction solvent in pharmaceutical and fine chemical synthesis.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports SN2 and nucleophilic substitution reactions by stabilizing ions.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone helps improve reaction rates and yields in suitable processes.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in polymer processing as a solvent for engineering plastics.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports dissolution and casting of polyimides, polyamides, and other high-performance polymers.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone helps produce uniform polymer films and coatings.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in membrane manufacturing for phase-inversion processes.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone acts as a dope solvent for producing ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports controlled pore formation in membrane casting lines.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in battery manufacturing as a solvent for electrode binder systems in some technologies.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports dissolution of PVDF binder for slurry preparation.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone helps produce uniform electrode coatings on current collectors.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in electronics manufacturing as a solvent for photoresist and polymer processing in some steps.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports cleaning and stripping of certain resist materials.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone helps remove residues during semiconductor and PCB processing.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in paint and coating formulations as a strong co-solvent in some systems.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports resin dissolution and viscosity control in specialty coatings.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone helps improve flow and leveling in compatible coating designs.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in ink formulations to dissolve resins and improve print performance in some systems.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports stable pigment dispersion by dissolving binder components.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone helps tune drying and film formation behavior in specialty inks.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used in adhesives and sealants as a solvent for high-performance resin systems.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone supports dissolution of polyurethane and acrylic resins in some formulations.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone helps improve wetting and bonding by enabling uniform application.
DESCRIPTION
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is a hygroscopic, high-boiling polar aprotic solvent that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone can dissolve a wide range of polymers and resins, and this makes N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone useful for high-performance coatings, electronics cleaning, and battery slurry processing.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone has low vapor pressure compared with many solvents, but N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone can still present significant exposure risk because N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is readily absorbed through skin.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is subject to regulatory restrictions in some markets due to reproductive toxicity classification, so workplace exposure limits, consumer product restrictions, and substitution requirements may apply.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone should be handled with chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing to minimize dermal exposure, and splash protection is important due to strong solvency.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone should be used with adequate ventilation and, when heated, vapor control should be increased to prevent inhalation exposure.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone should be stored in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizers.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone spills can create slip hazards and can damage some plastics and coatings, so spill management should include compatible absorbents and surface cleanup.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone should be disposed of according to local hazardous waste regulations and facility procedures.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is a polar aprotic solvent commonly abbreviated as NMP.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is typically a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with mild amine-like odor.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone has a high boiling point and strong solvency for many organic and polymeric materials.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is miscible with water and many organic solvents, enabling broad formulation flexibility.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone can dissolve resins, pigments, and high-performance polymers that are difficult to solubilize.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone often improves reaction rates for nucleophilic substitutions by stabilizing ions without strong hydrogen bonding.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is used widely in industry but is subject to significant health and regulatory scrutiny.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone is associated with reproductive toxicity concerns and therefore has restricted use in many regions.
N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone exposure control typically requires closed systems, ventilation, and strict PPE in industrial settings.
PROPERTIES
Chemical Formula: C5H9NO
Molecular Weight: 99.13 g/mol
Common Name: N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone (NMP)
Chemical Type: Polar aprotic solvent (lactam)
Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Mild amine-like odor
Solubility: Completely miscible with water; miscible with many organic solvents
Boiling Point: ~202°C (typical)
Melting Point: ~-24°C (typical)
Flash Point: ~90°C (typical)
Vapor Pressure: Low to moderate at room temperature (typical)
Density: ~1.02–1.03 g/cm³ (typical)
Viscosity: Moderate (temperature dependent)
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic; absorbs moisture from air
Stability: Stable under recommended storage; avoid strong oxidizers
Health Considerations: Readily absorbed through skin; reproductive toxicity concern; exposure control required
Storage Temperature: 15–30°C, tightly closed, well ventilated
Shelf Life: Typically 24–36 months in original sealed packaging (supplier dependent)
FIRST AID
Inhalation:
Move to fresh air if vapors or mists are inhaled.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist such as headache, dizziness, or respiratory irritation.
Keep the exposed person warm and at rest.
Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Seek medical attention if irritation develops or if large skin area exposure occurred.
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, then continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water and seek medical attention.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
Consider systemic absorption and monitor for CNS effects after significant exposure.
Provide supportive care based on exposure route and symptoms.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Use appropriate PPE including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, because dermal absorption is significant.
Avoid breathing vapors and avoid skin contact, especially during heated operations.
Wash hands after handling and do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling areas.
Ventilation:
Use general ventilation for normal handling.
Use local exhaust where aerosols or vapors may be generated, especially during heating or spraying.
Avoid confined spaces without adequate airflow and exposure monitoring.
Storage:
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place.
Keep away from strong oxidizers and reactive chemicals.
Protect from moisture uptake when water content affects process performance.
Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spill and absorb with inert material compatible with strong solvents.
Clean surfaces thoroughly to remove slip hazards and solvent residues.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations and facility procedures.
Handling Precautions:
Implement exposure controls and substitution assessment where regulations restrict N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone use.
Use appropriate glove material selection and change-out schedules because N-Methyl Pyrrolidinone can permeate some glove types.
Rotate stock using FIFO practices to maintain consistent purity and predictable solvency performance.
