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DESCRIPTION
N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is an organic compound that belongs to the class of alkanolamines.
N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a mild amine odor.
The chemical formula for MDEA is C5H13NO2, and it is often used in various industrial applications, particularly in gas treatment processes.
CAS NUMBER
105-59-9.
SYNONYMS
N-METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE,105-59-9,Bis(hydroxyethyl)methylamine,Methyldiethanolamine,Methyl diethanolamine,Ethanol, 2,2'-(methylimino)bis-,2,2'-(Methylimino)diethanol,591248-66-7,N-Methylaminodiglycol,-MethyldiethanolimineN-Methyliminodiethanol,2,2'-Methyliminodiethanol,N-Methyl-2,2'-iminodiethanol,2-[2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino]ethanol,USAF DO-52,-methyl diethanolamine,N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamine,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamine,Methylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,Diethanolmethylamine,Methyliminodiethanol,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) methyl amine,Ethanol, 2,2'-(methylimino)di-,NSC 11690,CCRIS 4843,N,N-Di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylamine,2-(N-2-Hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)ethanol,EINECS 203-312-7,UNII-3IG3K131QJ,BRN 1734441,N-Methylimino-2,2'-diethanol,HSDB 6804,n-methyl-diethanol amine,AMINO ALCOHOL MDA,NSC-11690,N-Methyl-2,2-iminodiethanol,3IG3K131QJ,DTXCID605591,METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE, N-,2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino]ethan-1-ol,EC 203-312-7,4-04-00-01517 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),N-METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE [HSDB],N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N-methylethanolam,n-methyl-n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,2,2'-(METHYLIMINO)BIS(ETHANOL),Ethanol,2'-(methylimino)di-,Ethanol,2'-(methylimino)bis-,WLN: Q2N1 & 2Q,N-methyl-diethanolamine,bis-(Hydroxyethyl)methylamine,methyldiethanolamin,MDEA amine,Mdea (diol),NMethylaminodiglycol,Amietol M12,N-Methyldethanolamne,n-methyldiethanolamin,NMethyldiethanolimine,NMethyliminodiethanol,methyl diethanol amine,N-methyl diethanol-amine,2,2'Methyliminodiethanol,di(hydroxyethyl)methylamine,NMethyl2,2'iminodiethanol,2,2'(Methylimino)diethanol,2-Hydroxy-1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino]-ethyl,SCHEMBL17605,2,2`(Methylimino)bisethanol,Bis(2hydroxyethyl)methylamine,Methylbis(2hydroxyethyl)amine,N-Methyldiethanolamine, 99%,NMethylbis(2hydroxyethyl)amine,Ethanol, 2,2'(methylimino)di,Bis(2hydroxyethyl),methyl amine,2,2`-(Methylimino)bis-ethanol,CHEMBL3185149,Ethanol, 2,2'(methylimino)bis,N-Methyldiethanolamine, >=99%,2,2'-(methylazanediyl)diethanol,N,NBis(2hydroxyethyl)methylamine,N,NDi(2hydroxyethyl)Nmethylamine,N(2hydroxyethyl)Nmethylethanolamine,NSC11690,NSC49131,NSC51500,2(N2HydroxyethylNmethylamino)ethanol,METHYL DIETHANOLAMINE [INCI],Tox21_201199,MFCD00002848,NSC-49131,NSC-51500,STL281951,2,2'-METHYLIMINODIETHANOLAMINE,AKOS009031354,N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-methylamine,AT34020,N-METHYLBIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE,NCGC00248955-01,NCGC00258751-01,CAS-105-59-9,LS-13102,2-[(2-hydroxy-ethyl)methyl-amino]-ethanol,DB-297071,M0505,NS00004394,N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-N-METHYLETHANOLAMINE,2,2'-(METHYLAZANEDIYL)BIS(ETHAN-1-OL),ethane, 1-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethylmethyl)amino-,Q252344,J-523676,ethane, 1-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl)amino-,N-Methyldiethanolamine 1000 microg/mL in Ammonium Hydroxide
This article provides an in-depth examination of N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), a widely used chemical in various industrial applications.
MDEA, with the molecular formula C₅H₁₃NO₂, is a secondary amine that plays a crucial role in gas sweetening processes, chemical synthesis, and corrosion inhibition.
The article discusses the chemical structure and properties of MDEA, its synthesis methods, key applications, and its safety and environmental impact.
Additionally, it highlights regulatory standards and future research directions, with an emphasis on sustainable practices and emerging technologies.
The information is aimed at professionals and researchers in the chemical and industrial fields.
N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is a versatile chemical compound with a wide range of industrial applications.
N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is primarily used in gas sweetening processes for the removal of CO₂ and H₂S from natural gas and petroleum products.
As a secondary amine, MDEA is favored for its selective absorption of acid gases and its reduced susceptibility to degradation compared to other amines like monoethanolamine (MEA).
MDEA is also employed as a solvent in various chemical processes, as well as in the formulation of detergents and corrosion inhibitors.
This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MDEA, exploring its molecular structure, physical and chemical properties, synthesis methods, applications, and safety considerations.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
Molecular Structure
MDEA, with the molecular formula C₅H₁₃NO₂, consists of a nitrogen atom attached to two ethanol groups, one of which is methylated.
The molecular structure features a nitrogen atom (N) bonded to a methyl group (-CH₃) and two hydroxyl-ethyl groups (-CH₂CH₂OH).
This structure is responsible for its basicity and its ability to form hydrogen bonds, which contribute to its solubility in water and its reactivity with acid gases like CO₂ and H₂S.
Physical Properties
Molecular Weight:
105.16 g/mol
Appearance:
Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Boiling Point:
217°C (423°F)
Melting Point:
-20°C
Density:
1.05 g/cm³ at 25°C
Solubility:
Soluble in water and many polar solvents, including alcohols and glycols.
MDEA's relatively high boiling point and water solubility make it an effective solvent for industrial gas treatment processes.
Chemical Properties
MDEA is a weak base due to the presence of a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, which can accept protons.
This allows it to react with acid gases like CO₂, H₂S, and other acidic compounds in gas streams.
MDEA's basicity is less than that of monoethanolamine (MEA), which makes it less corrosive and more stable in CO₂ absorption processes.
Additionally, MDEA can participate in esterification and transesterification reactions, making it useful in chemical synthesis.
SYNTHESIS OF N-METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE
Industrial Synthesis
MDEA is primarily synthesized by the reaction of diethanolamine (DEA) with formaldehyde or methylating agents like methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate.
This process involves the nucleophilic attack of the amine group in DEA on the electrophilic carbon atom of the methylating agent, followed by the release of a byproduct, such as iodide or sulfate.
A typical industrial synthesis method involves reacting DEA with formaldehyde in the presence of methanol under controlled conditions.
The reaction is as follows:
DEA+Formaldehyde+Methanol→MDEA+Byproducts
DEA+Formaldehyde+Methanol→MDEA+Byproducts
The reaction conditions, such as temperature and pressure, are carefully controlled to optimize the yield and minimize side reactions.
Laboratory Synthesis
In laboratory-scale synthesis, MDEA can be produced by reacting DEA with methylating agents, such as methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate, under anhydrous conditions.
The process is typically carried out in a solvent, such as toluene or dichloromethane, to aid in the reaction's progress and facilitate the removal of byproducts.
The yield of MDEA can be improved by using excess methylating agents and by carefully controlling the reaction temperature.
Alternatives and Innovations
Recent research has focused on more sustainable and eco-friendly methods for synthesizing MDEA.
One promising approach involves the use of bio-based feedstocks or renewable sources of methanol, such as biomass or bioethanol, to replace petrochemical-derived reagents.
Additionally, catalytic methods using solid catalysts or green solvents are being explored to reduce the environmental footprint of MDEA production.
APPLICATIONS OF N-METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE
Gas Treatment (CO₂ Absorption)
MDEA is widely used in natural gas and petroleum industries for CO₂ and H₂S removal, a process known as gas sweetening.
The compound selectively absorbs CO₂ from gas mixtures, making it ideal for purifying natural gas and preventing corrosion in pipelines and equipment.
MDEA’s lower tendency to form heat-stable salts with CO₂ compared to MEA makes it more efficient and less prone to degradation in high-temperature environments.
Solvent in Chemical Synthesis
In chemical manufacturing, MDEA is used as a solvent for a variety of organic reactions.
It is particularly useful in reactions requiring mild basic conditions, such as in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.
MDEA’s high polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds make it an excellent solvent for polar and ionic compounds.
Corrosion Inhibition
MDEA’s ability to neutralize acids and form stable complexes with metal ions makes it an effective corrosion inhibitor.
It is used in the oil and gas industry to prevent the corrosion of pipelines, storage tanks, and equipment in environments where acid gases (like H₂S) are present.
Additionally, MDEA is often used in combination with other corrosion inhibitors to enhance performance.
Other Industrial Applications
MDEA is also employed in the production of surfactants, detergents, and personal care products.
It serves as a building block in the synthesis of various quaternary ammonium compounds, which are used in cleaning products, emulsifiers, and conditioners.
In the textile industry, MDEA is used in dyeing processes, where it acts as a dispersing agent.
Environmental and Sustainable Uses
Due to its selective absorption properties, MDEA is explored for environmental applications such as the treatment of industrial wastewater and the capture of greenhouse gases (GHG) like CO₂ from power plants.
Researchers are investigating the potential for using MDEA in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, which could contribute to reducing the environmental impact of industrial emissions.
Safe Handling and Protective Measures
In industrial settings, proper ventilation is crucial to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as goggles, gloves, and respiratory protection, is essential when handling MDEA, especially in confined spaces.
Emergency procedures should be in place in case of spills or leaks, with protocols for containment and cleanup.
Environmental Impact
MDEA is biodegradable, but its release into aquatic systems can lead to environmental concerns, particularly if the compound is not adequately treated in wastewater systems.
It is crucial to monitor and control the concentration of MDEA in effluents to prevent harm to aquatic life.
Research into more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives is ongoing, with a focus on minimizing environmental impacts.
REGULATORY STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
National and International Regulations
Various regulatory bodies, including OSHA, NIOSH, and EPA, have established guidelines for the safe use and disposal of MDEA in industrial settings.
These guidelines provide acceptable exposure limits, handling procedures, and environmental controls to minimize risks associated with MDEA.
Risk Assessment
Risk assessments are crucial for evaluating the potential hazards associated with MDEA use, including its toxicity, flammability, and environmental impact.
The risk assessment process includes identifying exposure scenarios, assessing the likelihood of adverse effects, and implementing measures to mitigate risks.
Global Use and Regulations
Different countries have varying regulations regarding the use of MDEA in industrial processes.
The European Union, for example, has established strict guidelines for the safe handling and disposal of amines, including MDEA.
In contrast, some developing countries may have less stringent regulations, which can lead to concerns over occupational safety and environmental pollution.
FUTURE TRENDS AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
Research on MDEA Alternatives
The growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies has led to research into alternatives to MDEA in gas treatment and other applications.
New amines with higher selectivity for CO₂ absorption and reduced toxicity are being developed.
Additionally, efforts are being made to improve the efficiency of MDEA by modifying its chemical structure.
Sustainable Practices
The chemical industry is under increasing pressure to adopt green chemistry practices.
Research into renewable feedstocks, energy-efficient production methods, and low-emission processes is ongoing.
Bio-based MDEA, produced from renewable resources such as plant oils or bioethanol, is one potential avenue for improving the sustainability of its production.
Emerging Markets
MDEA’s role in carbon capture technologies and sustainable energy processes presents new market opportunities.
The global shift towards reducing carbon emissions is likely to drive demand for MDEA in carbon capture systems, particularly in industries such as power generation, cement manufacturing, and steel production.
N-Methyldiethanolamine is an essential compound in many industrial processes, particularly in gas sweetening, chemical synthesis, and corrosion inhibition.
Despite its widespread use, concerns regarding its safety and environmental impact must be addressed through effective regulatory measures, proper handling procedures, and research into more sustainable alternatives.
As the demand for cleaner technologies grows, MDEA will likely continue to play a crucial role in addressing global challenges related to carbon capture and environmental sustainability.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT N-METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
