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N-PROPANOL

CAS NO: 71-23-8

1-Propanol is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH and sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH. It is a colorless liquid and an isomer of 2-propanol. It is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes and used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly for resins and cellulose esters, and, sometimes, as a disinfecting agent.


1-propanol; propanol; Propan-1-ol; Propyl alcohol; n-propanol ; ethylcarbinol; 1-hydroxypropane
optal; osmosol extra; Propylic alcohol; Propanol-1; 1-Propyl alcohol; n-Propan-1-ol; Propanolen; Propanole; Alcohol, propyl; Propanoli; Ethyl carbinol; Alcool propilico; Alcool propylique; n-Propyl alkohol; Propylowy alkohol; 1-PROPONOL; propane-1-ol; propylalcohol; MFCD00002941; NSC 30300; n-PrOH; UNII-96F264O9SV, Propylan-propyl alcohol; 142583-61-7; CHEBI:28831; 96F264O9SV; POL; UN 1274; 1-Propanol, anhydrous; 1-Propanol-D1; Albacol; 1-Propanol, for HPLC; 1-Propanol, ACS reagent; Propanol, 1-; Propanoli [Italian]; Propyl alcohol, normal; 1-Propanol, for spectroscopy ACS; Ateromixol; Caswell No. 709A; FEMA Number 2928; Propyl alcohol (natural); 1-Propanol, 99.5%, for analysis; 1 Propanol; Alcool propilico [Italian]; Alcool propylique [French]; n-Propyl alkohol [German]; Propylowy alkohol [Polish]; FEMA No. 2928; CCRIS 3202; HSDB 115; 1-Propanol, 99.5%, Extra Dry, AcroSeal(R); EINECS 200-746-9; UN1274; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 047502; BRN 1098242; Hydroxypropane; 1-Propanol, specified according to the requirements of Ph.Eur.;ethyl methanol; n-propylalcohol; normal propanol; n-Propylalkohol; AI3-16115; CCRIS 7209; 3-propanol; nPrOH ;HOPr
PrOH; normal propyl alcohol; N-Propanol ACS grade; Policosanol (from rice wax) (oryza sp.); ACMC-1BIKF ;n-C3H7OH ;1-Propanol, HPLC Grade; DSSTox_CID_1739; [C]CCO; bmse000446 ;1-Propanol, >=99% ;EC 200-746-9; 1-$l^{1}-oxidanylpropane; DSSTox_RID_76299; DSSTox_GSID_21739; WLN: Q3 ;4-01-00-01413 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) ;CHEMBL14687; 1-Propanol, analytical standard ;1 ;Propanol, JIS special grade ;1-Propanol, >=99%, FG; 1-Propanol, LR, >=99%; DTXSID2021739; 1 Propanol, >=99.80% ;BDBM36153; Propyl Alcohol (Fragrance Grade); 1-Propanol, 99+%, extra pure; 1-Propanol, anhydrous, 99.7% ;1-Propanol, p.a., 99.5% ;ZINC895969 ;1-Propanol, AR, >=99.5%; NSC30300; Tox21_302440; 1-Propanol, Spectrophotometric Grade ;ANW-36012; LMFA05000101; n; Propanol or propyl alcohol, normal ;NSC-30300; STL264225; 1-Propanol, natural, >=98%, FG; 1-Propanol, >=99% (GC), purum ;AKOS000249219; 1-Propanol, for HPLC, >=99.5%; 1-Propanol, for HPLC, >=99.9%; DB03175; 1-Propanol, ACS reagent, >=99.5%; 1-Propanol, HPLC grade, >=99.5%; 1-Propanol, purum, >=99.0% (GC) ;NCGC00255163-01; 1-Propanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile; 1-Propanol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%; Propyl Alcohol (Normal) Reagent Grade ACS; FT-0608280; P0491
1-Propanol, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.0%


1-Propanol shows the normal reactions of a primary alcohol. Thus it can be converted to alkyl halides; for example red phosphorus and iodine produce n-propyl iodide in 80% yield, while PCl3 with catalytic ZnCl2 gives n-propyl chloride. 
Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst under Fischer esterification conditions gives propyl acetate, while refluxing propanol overnight with formic acid alone can produce propyl formate in 65% yield. Oxidation of 1-propanol with Na2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 gives only a 36% yield of propionaldehyde, and therefore for this type of reaction higher yielding methods using PCC or the Swern oxidation are recommended. Oxidation with chromic acid yields propionic acid.
1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as cobalt octacarbonyl or a rhodium complex.
1-propanol has high octane number and is suitable for engine fuel usage. However, propanol is too expensive to use as a motor fuel. The research octane number (RON) of propanol is 118, and anti-knock index (AKI) is 108.
N-propanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol. Flash point 53-77°F. Autoignites at 700°F. Vapors are heavier than air and mildly irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Density approximately 6.5 lb / gal. Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, rubbing alcohols, soaps, window cleaners, acetone and other chemicals and products.

Industry Uses

Dyes
Fuels and fuel additives
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Pigments
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses

Air care products
Cleaning and furnishing care products
Food packaging
Fuels and related products
Ink, toner, and colorant products
Non-TSCA use
Paints and coatings
Paper products
Personal care products

Overall, the major use of n-propanol is as a solvent. In terms of pesticides, n-propanol is used as an inert ingredient only; there are no registered pesticide products containing n-propanol as an active ingredient. As an inert ingredien1:, n-propanol is a solvent and cosolvent in a number of pesticide products, including those used in agriculture, on animals, and on ornamental plants.

Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, rubbing alcohols, soaps, window cleaners, acetone and other chemicals and products

Storage and Handling
Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Do not store near combustible materials. Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Flammables-area. Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use with adequate ventilation. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Do not get on skin or in eyes. Do not ingest or inhale. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames.

Product description
n-Propanol (n-propyl alcohol), a three-carbon straight chain oxo alcohol, is a medium boiling, colorless liquid that is widely used in flexographic and other printing ink applications. It has a very mild odor, similar to that of ethanol and is completely soluble in water. It is useful in organic synthesis, as a chemical intermediate, and as a coating solvent. Eastman™ n-Propanol helps balance the drying and flow characteristics in a variety of surface coating applications.
The chemical substances for this product are listed as Inert Ingredients Permitted for Use in Nonfood Use Pesticide Products, and in Food Use Pesticide Products with limitations, under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). For details on specific permissions, 

Applications/uses
•    Agriculture intermediates
•    Architectural coatings
•    Auto OEM
•    Auto plastics
•    Auto refinish
•    Commerical printing inks
•    Consumer printing inks
•    Flexographic printing inks
•    General industrial coatings
•    Graphic arts
•    Gravure printing inks
•    Marine
•    Packaging components non food contact
•    Packaging inks non food contact
•    Paints & coatings
•    Pharmaceutical chemicals
•    Process solvents
•    Protective coatings
•    Wood coatings

Propyl alcohol, also called n-propyl alcohol or 1-propanol, one of two isomeric alcohols used as solvents and intermediates in chemical manufacturing. The second isomer is isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol).
Normal (n-) propyl alcohol is formed as a by-product of the synthesis of methanol (methyl alcohol) from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It also occurs in fusel oil. Its largest use is as a solvent in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and in the preparation of lacquers. It easily forms esters and ethers, some of which are commercially important.

About this substance
This substance is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to <100 000 tonnes per annum.
This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Biocidal Uses
This substance is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: human hygiene, disinfection, food and animals feeds.

Consumer Uses
This substance is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, anti-freeze products, coating products, finger paints, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and perfumes and fragrances. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Article service life
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
This substance can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).

Formulation or re-packing
This substance is used in the following products: coating products and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, formulation in materials and in processing aids at industrial sites.

Uses at industrial sites
This substance is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, coating products, washing & cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
This substance has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
This substance is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of the substance.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures and in processing aids at industrial sites.

Widespread uses by professional workers
This substance is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids and plant protection products.
This substance is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.
This substance is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, machinery and vehicles and textile, leather or fur.

Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
N-propanol (also known as 1-propanol, n-propanol alcohol, propan-1-ol, propyl alcohol) is a primary alcohol in which the OH entity is bonded to a primary carbon atom. N-propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) is one of two isomers of propanol (C3H8O); the other is 2-propanol ((CH3)2CHOH). It is a clear, colourless transparent liquid that has a typical sharp musty odour that is comparable with the smell of rubbing alcohol.

Miscible in water and freely miscible with all common solvents such as glycols, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons, 1-propanol is primarily used as a solvent in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, coatings and as a chemical intermediate.

1-propanol technical properties
Chemical and physical properties of n-propanol:
Molecular Formula: CH3CH2CH2OH / n-PrOH
Synonyms: 1-propanol, n-propanol alcohol, propan-1-ol, propyl alcohol, n-PrOH, 1-hydroxypropane, propionic alcohol
Cas Number: 71-23-8
Molecular Mass: 60.096 g/mol-1
Exact Mass: 60.057515 g/mol
Flashpoint: 77 °F / 22 °C
Boiling Point: 207 °F (at 760 mm Hg) / 97.2 °C
Melting Point: -195 °F / -126 °C
Vapour Pressure: 1.99 kPa (at 20 °C)
Water Solubility: miscible
Density: 0.803 g/mL
Log P: 0.329

N-propanol forms naturally during fermentation processes. The human gastrointestinal microbiota can also produce small amounts.

How is N-Propanol produced?
Normal propanol is manufactured by a catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde.  The propionaldehyde is itself produced via the oxo process, by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as cobalt octacarbonyl or a rhodium complex.
Hydrogenation is the process of adding pairs of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated compounds, with the aim of saturating these compounds.

H2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O
CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH

N-propanol alcohol is typically bulk stored within a petrochemical storage facility for regulation. Storage is normally in a cool, dry and well ventilated facility away from oxidising agents. It should be kept out of direct sunlight, heat, and open flames. It can be stored in drummed containers such as iso tanks made of stainless steel, aluminium or carbon steel.
N-propanol alcohol is exported in bulk vessels or tank trucks. For transportation purposes, it is classed as a flammable liquid with a fire hazard rating of 2. A full bulk chemical distributor would export the solvent throughout regions such as the UK, Europe, Africa, and America. It belongs to packing group 2.

Another application for industry uses 
1-propanol is used as a solvent in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, polishes, dental lotions, coatings, lacquers, printing inks, natural gums, pigments, intermediates, dye solutions, antifreeze, fuel additives, paint additives and de-greasing fluids. It is also used as a chemical intermediate to create esters, halides, propyl amines and propyl acetate. The end-user markets of this product are the cosmetics, cleaning, motor, printing, coatings and chemical industries.
1-propanol is also used as fuel in engines due to its high-octane count.  However, due to its expensive nature and low energy gains, it is not commonly used.

Another application for commercial uses 
1-propanol is used as a solvent in antifoaming in cosmetics, perfumes, flavours, fragrances, air care products, cleaning and furnishing products, paints, coatings, inks, personal care products, soaps and window cleaner.
Propanol is a primary alcohol which is listed third among the first four aliphatic alcohols. It is also known as propan-1-ol, 1-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, and n-propanol. It is also sometimes referred to as PrOH or n-PrOH. Propanol is a colourless liquid that is fully miscible in water and is highly miscible with all common solvents such as glycols, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

The molecular formula of propanol is CH3CH2CH2OH or CH3(CH2)2OH or simply C3H8OH. Its molecular weight is 60.069 g/mol. Gustave C. B. Chancel was the first to discover propanol who obtained it in 1853 by fractional distillation of fusel oil, a by-product formed when certain amino acids when potatoes or grains are fermented to produce ethanol. Propanol is formed naturally as by-product during many chemical fermentation processes similar to the distillation of fusel oil, and these are not significant sources of propanol.
Propanol is a clear low-viscosity, neutral and colourless liquid with a sharp musty odour like rubbing alcohol. Its freezing point is -126 °C, while flash point is 22 °C. Autoignition temperature is 371 °C. Vapours of this liquid are heavier than air and mildly irritates the eyes, nose, and throat upon contact. Density is approximately 6.5 lb / gal. It has an isomer, that is a compound with same formula but a different arrangement of atoms and different properties. The isomer of propanol is isopropanol or 2-propanol, with a molecular formula of CH3CHOH CH3, the same atoms found in propanol with a different arrangement.
Manufacture and Storage:
1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. The propionaldehyde is usually produced via the oxo process or hydroformylation, of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as rhodium complex or cobalt octa carbonyl.

H2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O
CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH
A traditional laboratory preparation of propanol involves treating n-propyl iodide with moist silver oxide.
Propanol should be stored under nitrogen; the storage temperature must not exceed 40 °C and there should be no moisture. Under such ideal conditions, a storage stability or shelf-life of 12 to 14 months can be expected.
Propanol is stored in bulk petrochemical facilities to regulate this product. Storage is normally in a dry, cool, well ventilated facilities away from oxidising agents, direct sunlight, heat and open flames. 
Solvents such as propanol is stored in drummed containers such as iso-tanks made of aluminium, stainless steel and carbon steel.

Uses of propanol:
Propanol has a diverse range of uses due to its 
miscibility, high flammability and its effects on the human body.
Some of the more prominent uses are
• As a Solvent
• Medical Use
• Cosmetics
• Fuel

As solvent / intermediate:
Propanol is used as solvent and an intermediate product. Propanol has a milder and more pleasant smell than higher alcohols and tends to absorb less water than lower alcohols.
As a solvent, propanol is employed mainly in printing inks, especially flexographic ink. In cleaning agent sector, it is added to floor polishes and metal degreasing agents. In adhesive manufacture, propanol serves as additional solvent.
Propanol is used in the coating industries as a semi-volatile alcohol for improving the drying properties, for example in the manufacture of alkyd resin paints, baking finishes and electrodeposition paints.
Propanol is also used as deicing fluids, as an extracting agent and as an entrainer in azeotropic distillations. Propanol quite easily forms esters and ethers, most of which are have high commercial value.

Most commonly propanol is itself used as a solvent or it is used to produce other solvents such as antifreezes, lacquer formulations, soaps, dye solutions, window cleaning agent and such other materials. Propanol acts as a chemical intermediate in the process of creating halides, propyl amines and propyl acetate and many other such chemicals. It is also used in manufacture of de-greasing fluids, adhesives and window cleaning agents.

Medical Use:
Propanol also has uses in a number of medicines. Bottles of rubbing alcohol are mostly made up of propanol. It is also used as an antiseptic. Propanol is found in hand sanitizers whether it is in the form of solutions or wipes. Further, propanol is often used in inhalant products in the place of ethanol mostly in nebulizers.
n-Propyl alcohol can produce mild central nervous system depression and is thus used as pain relief medication.
A research in Chem Pharm Bull, Tokyo in 1980 showed that the activity of partially purified human erythrocyte acid phosphatase (eapase) is enhanced 3-fold by propanol. The extent of human prostatic acid phosphatase (papase) activation by n-propanol was lower than that of eapase.
Propanol Tablet is used for treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of Supraventricular arrhythmias, Ventricular tachycardias, Tachyarrhythmias of digitalis intoxication, Resistant tachyarrhythmias due to excessive catecholamine action during anaesthesia and other conditions

Alcoholic beverages nearly always contain propanol as a product of fermentation. Beer contains up to 195 mg/l, wine up to 116 mg/l, various types of spirits up to 3520 mg/l, and neat ethanol up to 2910 mg/l. Propanol is present at low levels as a flavour volatile in a variety of foodstuffs and non-alcoholic drinks, for example kefir culture, cream culture, filberts 
(roasted), raw milk, heat-treated milk, Kumazasa Sasa albomarginata, heated triolein, boiled buckwheat flour, tomato (ripe, juice, puree, and paste), Kogyoku apple, apple and apple juice, white bread, butter, cheddar/Swiss cheese, soy sauce, fish sauce, Amaranthus species used for feeding domesticated animals, Manila bean (raw/roasted), soybean (raw, roasted), potato tuber, roasted watermelon seeds, babco fruit, tilsit cheese, endive, Valancia orange juice. Propanol was identified in fermentation brine of pimentos used for stuffing olives. Propanol is found in over found in 31 commercial brines.
Propanol is also used in the production of herbicides and insecticides.

Cosmetics:
Propanol is often the main constituents in many different kinds cosmetics. An acetate is used as a remover for acrylic nails and fingernail polish due to its mild corrosive properties. It is used in soaps and hair care products. It is also used in aerosol perfumes, hand sanitizers and moisturizer

Fuels:
Propanol is a highly flammable liquid and it has a fire hazard rating of 2. Propanol has high octane numbers and it is suitable for fuel usage in internal combustion engines. However, the production of propanol is too expensive to make it a common fuel, hence this purpose is not commonly used. The anti-knock index (AKI) is found to be 108 while the research octane number (RON) of propanol is 118 when propane is used a fuel.
While the main use of propanol is acting as a solvent, other applications and uses of propanol are growing significantly in different parts around the world. Also, propanol is a relatively safer chemical to use than other synthetic alcohol solutions

IUPAC Names:
1-Propanol

1-propanolo

2propan-1-ol

n-Propanol

n-propanol

n-Propanol

n-propanol

N-propyl alcohol

n-Propyl Alcohol

n-Propyl alcohol, 1-Propanol

propan- 1-olo

PROPAN-1-OL

Propan-1-ol

propan-1-ol

Propan-1-ol

propan-1-ol
Propan-1-ol (n-Propanol)

propan-1-ol; n-propanol

propan-1-oln-propanol

Propanol

PROPYL ALCOHOL

Tyzor NPZ


TRADE Names:

1-Hydroxypropan

1-Hydroxypropane

1-Propanol

1-Propanol (9CI)

Ethylcarbinol

n-Propanol

n-propanol

n-Propyl alcohol

Propan-1-ol

propan-1-ol

Propanol

Propanol-1

Propyl alcohol (8CI)

Propylalkohol

Propylol
 

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