N-PROPYL ACETATE

N-Propyl acetate, also known as propyl ethanoate, is an organic compound.
Nearly 20,000 tons are produced annually for use as a solvent.
N-Propyl acetate colorless liquid is known by its characteristic odor of pears.
Due to this fact, it is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive.
N-Propyl acetate is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and propan-1-ol, often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct.

IUPAC name: N-Propyl acetate
CAS Number: 109-60-4
EC Number: 203-686-1
Chemical formula: C5H10O2

Other names: Propyl acetate, 109-60-4, Propyl acetate, Acetic acid, propyl ester, Propyl ethanoate, 1-Acetoxypropane, 1-Propyl acetate, n-Propyl ethanoate, Octan propylu, Acetic acid n-propyl ester, Acetate de propyle normal, Acetic acid propyl ester, FEMA No. 2925, Propylester kyseliny octove, NSC 72025, HSDB 161, n-propanol acetate, EINECS 203-686-1, Acetic acid, n-propyl ester, UNII-4AWM8C91G6, BRN 1740764, 4AWM8C91G6, DTXSID6021901, CHEBI:40116, AI3-24156, NSC-72025, DTXCID301901, ACETIC ACID,PROPYL ESTER, EC 203-686-1, 4-02-00-00138 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), UN1276, Propyl acetate, CH3COOCH2CH2CH3, Acetic acid-n-propyl ester, Propyl ester of acetic acid, FEMA NUMBER 2935, SCHEMBL14991, WLN: 3OV1, CHEMBL44857, Propyl acetate LBG-64752, ACETIC ACID, N-PROPYL ETHER, NSC72025, Tox21_202012, MFCD00009372, STL280317, AKOS008949448, DB01670, UN 1276, NCGC00249148-01, NCGC00259561-01, CAS-109-60-4, LS-13075, DB-040874, A0044, NS00003289, Q415750, Analytical Reagent, inverted exclamation markY99.0%, J-002310, InChI=1/C5H10O2/c1-3-4-7-5(2)6/h3-4H2,1-2H

Consumer Uses
N-Propyl acetate is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, coating products, anti-freeze products, perfumes and fragrances, adhesives and sealants, washing & cleaning products, leather treatment products, cosmetics and personal care products and polishes and waxes.

Other release to the environment of N-Propyl acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Widespread uses by professional workers
N-Propyl acetate is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners and metal working fluids.
N-Propyl acetate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and scientific research and development.

N-Propyl acetate is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of N-Propyl acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Formulation
N-Propyl acetate is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of N-Propyl acetate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of the substance.

Uses at industry
N-Propyl acetate is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
N-Propyl acetate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

N-Propyl acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and .
Release to the environment of N-Propyl acetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of N-Propyl acetate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Molar mass: 102.133 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, fruity
Density: 0.89 g/cm3

Melting point: −95 °C (−139 °F; 178 K)
Boiling point: 102 °C (216 °F; 375 K)
Solubility in water: 18.9 g/L
Vapor pressure: 25 mmHg (20 °C)

XLogP3: 1.2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count:3
Exact Mass: 102.068079557 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 102.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7

Complexity: 59.1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

N-Propyl acetate is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H10O2 / CH3COOCH2CH2CH3.
N-Propyl acetate is a clear, colourless ester that has a distinguishable acetate odour, is highly flammable, highly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters) but only slightly miscible in water.

How is it produced?
The primary and most common method for chemically manufacturing N-Propyl acetate is the direct esterification of 1-propanol and acetic acid which are heated in the presence of a strong acid, such as sulfuric or methanesulfonic acid.
An alternate method involves the ester interchange of 1-propanol with ethyl acetate.

Handling, storage and distribution
Hazards and safety
N-Propyl acetate has an NFPA health rating of 1, indicating that it can irritate extensive exposure. An NFPA fire rating of 3 demonstrates that it is highly flammable and can be easily ignited by heat or sparks under ambient conditions.

N-Propyl acetate is vapours travel to the source of the ignition and are heavier than air.
In the case of a fire, use dry chemical, CO2 or alcohol-resistant foam. An NFPA instability rating of 0 shows that butyl tri glycol is stable underneath most conditions, including fire.

Full personal protective equipment should be worn when handling N-Propyl acetate to prevent contact with the skin, eyes and mouth.

Storage and distribution
A chemical wholesaler would have a bulk petrochemical storage facility to regulate this product.  Storage is normally in a cool, dry and well ventilated facility away from oxidising agents.
Normal N-Propyl acetate should be kept out of direct sunlight, heat and open flames.
Solvents such as normal N-Propyl acetate should be stored in drummed containers such as isotanks made of stainless steel, aluminium or carbon steel.

A bulk chemical exporter would normally distribute this solvent in bulk vessels or tank trucks.
For transportation purposes, normal N-Propyl acetate is classed as a flammable liquid with a fire hazard rating of 2.
A full bulk chemical distributor would export the solvent throughout regions such as the UK, Europe, Africa and America.
N-Propyl acetate is a packing group 2.

What is N-Propyl acetate used for?
The major use of normal N-Propyl acetate is as a solvent in the coatings and printing industries.  It is a good solvent for these industries because it has the ability to thin many other organic compounds.  Normal N-Propyl acetate dissolves a host of resins which make it a suitable solvent for wood lacquers and industrial finishes.

Within the printing industry it is mainly used in flexographic and special screening prints.
N-Propyl acetate is also used in aerosol sprays, nail care and as a fragrance solvent.
N-Propyl acetate can also be used as a flavouring additive due to its odour similar to pears.
The main user end markets are the printing, coatings, lacquers, cosmetic and flavouring industries.

N-Propyl acetate is an ester with an average evaporation rate and high degree of solubility in the major resins on the market, such as nitrocellulose, and synthetic and natural resins.
Used in formulations for paints and thinners for different applications, including printing inks (rotogravure and flexography), industrial coatings, original automotive paints and car refinishing.
In printing inks, it also stands out for its low retention in flexible polyethylene and polypropylene films.

Uses:
Flavoring agents, perfumery, solvent for nitrocellulose and other cellulose derivatives, natural and synthetic resins, lacquers, plastics, organic synthesis, lab reagent
n-Propy acetate ... is a powerful solvent and is used in waxes, and insecticide formulations.
Used in alcohol-dilutable inks containing nitrocellulose as a main constituent, polyamide inks, acrylic inks.

Industry Uses
Intermediates
Photosensitive chemicals
Pigments
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Consumer Uses
Cleaning and furnishing care products
Ink, toner, and colorant products
Intermediate
Paints and coatings
Personal care products
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Paint and coating manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Printing and related support activities
Printing ink manufacturing
Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing

N-Propyl acetate, also known as propyl ethanoate, is an organic compound. 
Nearly 20,000 tons are produced annually for use as a solvent. 
This colorless liquid is known by its characteristic odor of pears. 
Due to this fact, it is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive. 
N-Propyl acetate is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol (, often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct.[6]

Description    
N-Propyl acetate, also known as propyl ethanoate, is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H10O2. 
N-Propyl acetate is a clear and colourless liquid with with a mild fruity odor. 
N-Propyl acetate is highly flammable with a flash point of 14°C and a flammability rating of 3. 
N-Propyl acetate is highly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters) but has only slight miscibility in water.

N-Propyl acetate is found in apple and formed by the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol (known as acondensation reaction), often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct. 
N-Propyl acetate is primarily intended as a solvent in the coatings and printing inks industries. 
N-Propyl acetate is widely used in fragrances and as a flavor additive due to its odor. 
N-Propyl acetate also acts as a good solvent for cellulose nitrate, acrylates, alkyd resins, rosin, plasticizers, waxes, oils and fats.

Chemical Properties    
N-Propyl acetate has a fruity (pear–raspberry) odor with a pleasant, bittersweet flavor reminiscent of pear on dilution.
colorless liquid with a strong odour
N-Propyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. 
The Odor Threshold is 70 milligram per cubic meter and 2.8 milligram per cubic meter (New Jersey Fact Sheet).

Physical properties    
Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a pleasant, pear-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 200 μg/m3 (48 ppbv) and 600 μg/m3 (140 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). 
An odor threshold concentration of 240 ppbv was determined by a triangular odor bag method (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990).
 Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1991) reported an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 17,575 ppmv.

Occurrence    
Reported found in apple, apple juice, apricot, banana, black currants, guava, grapes, melon, peach, pears, pineapple, plum, strawberry, tomato, vinegar, wheat and rye bread, feta cheese, Gruyere cheese, domiati cheese, yogurt, beef fat, beer, cognac, bourbon and malt whiskey, cider, grape wines, cocoa, potato chips, honey, passion fruit, starfruit, fig, prickly pear, jackfruit, litchi, sake, loquat, mountain papaya, arrack, nectarine and Pepino fruit.

Solvent; in flavoring agents and perfumes.
N-Propyl acetate is used as a solvent for cellulose derivatives, plastics, and resins; in flavors and perfumes; and in organic synthesis.
manufacturing flavors, perfumes. Solvent for resins, cellulose derivatives, plastics.

Production Methods
N-Propyl acetate is manufactured from acetic acid and a mixture of propene and propane in the presence of a zinc chloride catalyst.
N-Propyl acetate is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose-based lacquers, waxes, polyamide inks, acrylic inks, and insecticide formulations.

Product Description
N-Propyl acetate is a colorless, volatile solvent with an odor similar to acetone. 
N-Propyl acetate has good solvency power for many natural and synthetic resins.
N-Propyl acetate is miscible with many organic solvents.

Applications 
Coatings
Wood lacquers
Aerosol sprays
Nail care
Cosmetic / personal care solvent
Fragrance solvent
Process solvent
Printing inks (especially flexographic and special screen)

N-Propyl acetate is a chemical compound used as a solvent and an example of an ester. 
This clear, colorless liquid is known by its characteristic odor of pears. 
Due to this fact, it is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive. 
N-Propyl acetate is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol (known as a condensation reaction), often
via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct.

Application:
N-Propyl acetate mainly used as solvent in printing inks, especially in flexographic and special screen printing inks, also used as a safe and pro-environment solvent for food package printing ink industry and used in PTA (purified tereph-thalic acid) industry. 
With strong ability to dissolve many natural and synthetic resins (e.g. cellulose nitrate, acrylates, alkyd resin) Coatings for automotive and plastic Solvents for cosmetics and personal care, for fragrances.

N-Propyl acetate, also known as 1-acetoxypropane or propyl ethanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. 
These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). 
N-Propyl acetate is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol (known as a condensation reaction), often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct.

This clear, colorless liquid is known by its characteristic odor of pears. 
N-Propyl acetate is a drug. 
N-Propyl acetate is a bitter, celery, and fruity tasting compound. 
N-Propyl acetate has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as muskmelons, figs, apples, pineapples, and cocoa beans.

Due to this fact, it is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive. 
N-Propyl acetate has been found to be associated with the diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also N-Propyl acetate has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease.

Applications of N-Propyl acetate
N-Propyl acetate is primarily used as a solvent in the manufacture of paints and coatings because of its ability to thin many other organic compounds. 
N-Propyl acetate has the power to dissolve a wide range of resins, which also makes it highly suitable as a solvent for wood lacquers and industrial finishes.

N-Propyl acetate is widely used in the printing industry, mainly for flexographic and screen printing inks. 
N-Propyl acetate is also used as a solvent in perfumes and is found as an ingredient in aerosol sprays, nail care products and cosmetics. 
N-Propyl acetate is used as an intermediate in organic chemistry of pharmaceutical compounds. 
N-Propyl acetate is also used as a flavouring additive on account of its fruity odour, which is similar to pears.

N-Propyl acetate is a clear, colourless liquid with a distinctive, pleasant fruity odour. 
N-Propyl acetate is readily miscible with most organic solvents such as alcohol, ketones, glycols and esters, but it has only limited miscibility with water.

N-Propyl acetate, also known as 1-acetoxypropane or propyl ethanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. 
These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). 
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on N-Propyl acetate.

N-Propyl acetate is a colorless, volatile solvent with an odor similar to acetone. 
N-Propyl acetate has good solvency power for many natural and synthetic resins.
N-Propyl acetate is miscible with many organic solvents.

Features
Clear, highly volatile liquid
Mild odor
Sparingly soluble in water
Good resin solvent
Slow RER
Promotes flow and leveling
Non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) Solvent
Solvency power similar to ethyl acetate
Miscible with many organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, glycols and glycol ethers)

Applications
Coatings
Wood lacquers
Aerosol sprays
Nail care
Cosmetic / personal care solvent
Fragrance solvent
Process solvent
Printing inks (especially flexographic and special screen)