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Niacins car boxyl group can form esters and anhydrides and can be reduced.
Niacin was discovered by the oxidation of nicotine.
Niacin is derived from Niacin + vitamin, as the name to be given to it is not intended to evoke nicotine.
CAS Number: 59-67-6
Molecular Formula: C6H5NO2
Molecular Weight: 123.11
EINECS Number: 200-441-0
Synonyms: nicotinamide, niacinamide, 98-92-0, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, Nicotinic acid amide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, vitamin PP, Aminicotin, Amixicotyn, Papulex, Nicotylamide, Endobion, Hansamid, Nicobion, Nikotinamid, Savacotyl, Benicot, Dipegyl, Pelmine, Nicotinic amide, Delonin amide, Pelonin amide, Austrovit PP, Vi-Nicotyl, Inovitan PP, Amnicotin, Nicamindon, Nicomidol, Nicosylamide, Nicotamide, Nicotilamide, Nicotililamido, Nicovitina, Nicovitol, Nicozymin, Niocinamide, Niacevit, Niamide, Nicamina, Nicasir, Nicofort, Nicogen, Nicotol, Nicovit, Niozymin, Nicota, Niko-tamin, 3-Carbamoylpyridine, Nandervit-N, Nicotinamidum, Niavit PP, Nicosan 2, Nicotine amide, Nicotine acid amide, Nikotinsaeureamid, Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid amide, Vitamin B, Nicotylamidum, Nicotinsaureamid, beta-Pyridinecarboxamide, Pyridine, 3-carbamoyl-, Mediatric, Factor pp, m-(Aminocarbonyl)pyridine, 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid amide, Nicotinamida, Pelmin, Acid amide, Witamina PP, PP-Faktor, Amid kyseliny nikotinove, Amid PP, 3-(aminocarbonyl)pyridine, Dipigyl, Niacinamid, Nicovel, Vitamin B (VAN), CCRIS 1901, Nicotinsaureamid [German], NAM, HSDB 1237, Nikotinsaeureamid [German], Amid kyseliny nikotinove [Czech], Nicotinamidum [INN-Latin], Nicotinamida [INN-Spanish], AI3-02906, NSC 13128, Nicotinamid, Nictoamide, Nicotinsaeureamid, 3-Amidopyridine, Vi-noctyl, EINECS 202-713-4, NSC-13128, NSC-27452, b-Pyridinecarboxamide, Niacinamide (USP), Niacinamide [USP], UNII-25X51I8RD4, Nicotinamide [INN], DTXSID2020929, CHEBI:17154, 25X51I8RD4, Nicotinamide (Standard), NSC13128, MFCD00006395, .beta.-Pyridinecarboxamide, Nicotinamide-(amide-15N), Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3), CHEMBL1140, DTXCID00929, MLS000069714, TPN COMPONENT NIACINAMIDE, EC 202-713-4, NIACINAMIDE COMPONENT OF TPN, NSC27452, NCGC00093354-03, NCGC00093354-05, SMR000058212, Nicotinamide 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, NIACINAMIDE (II), NIACINAMIDE [II]
Niacin can be seen in ancient texts that the name vitamin PP (short for the English term "pellegra prevention") was used for Niacin.
Niacin is a B vitamin that's made and used by your body to turn food into energy.
Niacin helps keep nervous system, digestive system and skin healthy.
Niacin (vitamin B-3) is often part of a daily multivitamin, but most people get enough niacin from the food they eat.
Niacin is sometimes referred to as Niacin or nicotinamide and earlier called the P-P factor, antipellagra factor, antiblacktongue factor, and vitamin B4, niacin is available in several forms (niacin, niacinamide, niacinamide ascorbate, etc.) for use as a nutrient and dietary supplement.
Niacin, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a white crystal or crystalline powder, odorless or has a slight odor, slight sour taste.
Niacin is easily soluble in hot water, hot ethanol, alkaline water, propylene glycol, and chloroform.
Niacin, or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement.
The two most common forms of Niacin in food and supplements are Niacin and nicotinamide.
The body can also convert tryptophan—an amino acid—to nicotinamide.
Niacin is water-soluble so that excess amounts the body does not need are excreted in the urine.
Niacin works in the body as a coenzyme, with more than 400 enzymes dependent on it for various reactions.
Niacin helps to convert nutrients into energy, create cholesterol and fats, create and repair DNA, and exert antioxidant effects.
Niacin, also known as Niacin, is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.
Niacin can be manufactured by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan.
Niacin as a dietary supplement is used to treat pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency.
Signs and symptoms of pellagra include skin and mouth lesions, anemia, headaches, and tiredness.
Many countries mandate its addition to wheat flour or other food grains, thereby reducing the risk of pellagra.
The amide derivative Niacin (niacinamide) is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+).
Although Niacin and nicotinamide are identical in their vitamin activity, nicotinamide does not have the same pharmacological, lipid-modifying effects or side effects as niacin, i.e., when niacin takes on the -amide group, it does not reduce cholesterol nor cause flushing.
Niacin is recommended as a treatment for niacin deficiency because it can be administered in remedial amounts without causing the flushing, considered an adverse effect.
Niacin (also known as vitamin B3) is one of the water-soluble B vitamins.
Niacin is naturally present in many foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement.
Both Niacin and nicotinamide are very stable in dry form, but in solution nicotinamide is hydro lyzed by acids and bases to yield nicotinic.
The coenzyme forms of niacin are the pyridine nucleotides, NAD(H) and NADP(H).
Niacin is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.
Niacin has a role as an antidote, an antilipemic drug, a vasodilator agent, a metabolite, an EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a plant metabolite.
Niacin is a vitamin B3, a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid and a pyridine alkaloid.
Niacin is a conjugate acid of a nicotinate.
Niacin, or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement.
The two most common forms of Niacin in food and supplements are Niacin and nicotinamide.
The body can also convert tryptophan—an amino acid—to nicotinamide.
Niacin is water-soluble so that excess amounts the body does not need are excreted in the urine.
Niacin works in the body as a coenzyme, with more than 400 enzymes dependent on it for various reactions.
Niacin helps to convert nutrients into energy, create cholesterol and fats, create and repair DNA, and exert antioxidant effects.
Niacin is also a prescription medication.
Niacin is the generic name for Niacin (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide or pyridine-3-carboxamide), and related derivatives, such as nicotinamide riboside.
Niacin is obtained in the diet from a variety of whole and processed foods, with highest contents in fortified packaged foods, meat, poultry, red fish such as tuna and salmon, lesser amounts in nuts, legumes and seeds.
Niacin, on the other hand, is quite scarce in food and only recently started being sold as a supplement.
All three forms of vitamin B3 are converted to an important coenzyme called Niacin in the body.
While not dangerous, Niacin can be uncomfortable, or even alarming, if you aren’t prepared for it.
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin.
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in the body in very limited amounts and are excreted through the urine.
The Niacin filter solutions are filled and immediately fused under controlled conditions to become permanently airtight.
Niacin (NYE a sin) is used in combination with a healthy diet to lower bad cholesterol and increase good cholesterol.
Niacin is also used to decrease triglycerides.
Niacin can also be helpful in patients who have heart disease or who have had a heart attack.
Niacin may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
Niacin (also known as “vitamin B3” or “vitamin PP”) includes two vitamers (Niacin and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).
The two coenzymes are required for oxidative reactions crucial for energy production, but they are also substrates for enzymes involved in non-redox signaling pathways, thus regulating biological functions, including gene expression, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell death.
Therefore, Niacin is a good idea to have them in your daily diet.
In addition to getting Niacin from dietary sources, the body can synthesize a form of niacin from the amino acid tryptophan.
Niacin causes the blood vessels to dilate or open up near the skin, which results in a hot, tingling sensation accompanied by a red flushing of the skin.
Generally, by starting with low amounts of Niacin (50 to 100 mg a day) and gradually increasing the dosage, a person can quickly build up a tolerance and avoid the flush.
Taking Niacin immediately following a meal will also lessen the flushing sensation.
Since Niacin isn’t something that drug companies can patent, it’s of little interest to them.
Niacin, 3-pyridinecarboxylicacid (Niacin), is effective in the treatment of all types ofhyperlipoproteinemia except type I, at doses above thosegiven as a vitamin supplement.
Niacin reduces VLDLsynthesis and, subsequently, its plasma products, IDL andLDL.
Plasma triglyceride levels are reduced because of thedecreased VLDL production.
Niacin is found in all living cells, and it plays a vital role in energy metabolism and maintaining proper cell functioning — particularly the functioning of our mitochondria, the power plants in our cells that turn food and oxygen into energy.
Niacin also plays an important role in protecting cells all over the body from age-related damage and decline in function.
While all three forms of vitamin B3 share common traits, each has a slightly different effect on the body and serves a different role when taken as a supplement.
Niacin (or Niacin as it’s referred to in medical circles) was the third B vitamin to be discovered (hence the name B3).
Niacin can produce a variety of adverse effects, depending on the intake and health of the consumer.
Niacin is frequently identified with the B complex vitamin grouping.
Early in the research on niacin, a nutritional niacin deficiency was identified as the cause of pellagra in humans, blacktongue in dogs, and certain forms of dermatosis in humans.
Niacin, Niacin or B3 is a water-soluble vitamin.
Derivatives of NADH, NADPH, NAD and NAD+ are a vitamin that has been affected in terms of energy, nuclear acids, protein fats and production.
Niacin cannot be included in the term vitamin B3.
The skin flushing reaction produced by Niacin has been recognized for more than 70 years.
Niacin, melting point is 234-237℃.
In each of these compounds, the electron-withdrawing effect of the N-1 atom and the amide group of the oxidized pyridine nucleus enables the pyridine C-4 atom to react with many nucleophilic agents (e.g., sulfite, cyanide, and hydride ions).
Niacin is the reaction with hydride ions (H?) that is the basis of the enzymatic hydrogen transfer by the pyridine nucleotides; the reaction involves the transfer of two electrons in a single step.
Several substituted pyridines are antagonists of niacin in biological systems: pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, 3-acetylpyridine, isoNiacin hydrazine, 17 and 6-aminonicotinamide.
Niacin is slightly soluble in water and ethanol; 100ml room temperature water can dissolve 1.6g.
When taken on an empty stomach, crystalline Niacin in doses as small as 10 mg may produce a mild and transient, but noticeable, flushing reaction.
While not desirable, such reactions produce no known adverse consequences, and they are almost never perceptible when small amounts of Niacin are taken in tablet or capsule form or consumed as part of food.
Niacin is slightly soluble in water and ethanol; nicotinamide is very soluble in water and moderately soluble in ethanol.
Niacin deficiency is also associated with perosis in chickens as well as poor feathering of the birds.
Niacin and nicotinamide are colorless crystalline substances.
Melting point: 236-239 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 260C
Density: 1.473
refractive index: 1.5423 (estimate)
Flash point: 193°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: 18g/l
pka: 4.85(at 25℃)
form: Powder
color: White to off-white
PH: 2.7 (18g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: odorless to sl. odor, sour taste
Water Solubility: 1-5 g/100 mL at 17 ºC
Merck: 14,6525
BRN: 109591
BCS Class: 3
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be light sensitive.
InChIKey: PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.360
Niacin approximately 15 mg per day (1 mg = 0.001 gram) of Niacin is required by humans.
In the intestinal tract, the Niacin tryptophan can be converted to niacin by bacterial action and thus can serve as a source for part of the required Niacin.
This explains scientists’ early observation that the protein in such foods as eggs and milk, both poor sources of niacin, can nevertheless prevent or cure pellagra.
Niacin is indicated to prevent vitamin deficiencies in pediatric and adult patients receiving parenteral nutrition as part of multivitamin intravenous injections.
Niacin oral tablets are indicated as a monotherapy or in combination with simvastatin or lovastatin to treat primary hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia.
Niacin can also be used to reduce the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarctions in patients with a history of myocardial infarction and hyperlipidemia.
Niacin use of supplements containing niacin may be beneficial in terms of weight loss, as the substance will stimulate energy synthesis and help reduce the feeling of fatigue caused by weight loss.
Niacin also positively affects the vitality and health of the skin, eyes and hair and can be used for the treatment of skin conditions such as dermatitis, skin irritation and acne.
Adequate consumption of niacin contributes to the strengthening of the digestive and immune systems, while helping to fight oxidative stress.
Niacin also has positive effects on the health of the nervous system (it triggers units related to cognitive functions and memory).
Niacin deficiency can cause serious symptoms such as muscle weakness, digestive upsets (irritation of the mucus layer in the mouth, stomach, and intestines), loss of appetite, and skin rashes.
In more severe cases, Niacin can cause lesions in the central nervous system, leading to confusion and disorientation.
Studies have shown that Niacin can significantly lower cholesterol levels, but because the product is inexpensive, the pharmaceutical industry has not commercialized this supplement as a combined treatment for hypercholesteremia.
Niacin is amphoteric and forms salts with acids as well as bases.
Niacin is also indicated with bile acid binding resins to treat atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia or to treat primary hyperlipidemia.
Niacin decreases formation and secretion of VLDL by the liver.
This action appears secondary to its ability to inhibit fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue.
Circulating free fatty acids provide the main source of fatty acids for hepatic triglyceride synthesis, and lowering triglyceride synthesis lowers Niacin formation and secretion by the liver.
Niacin shifts LDL particles to larger (more buoyant) sizes.
The larger LDL particles are thought to be less atherogenic.
Niacin can also significantly increase plasma HDL levels; the mechanism is unknown.
Niacin is also known as vitamin B3, one of the B-complex vitamins.
Vitamins help to support the body's ability to make and break down natural compounds (metabolism) needed for good health.
Niacin (nicotinamide) is a different form of vitamin B3 and does not work the same as niacin.
Niacin is both a vitamin, i.e., an essential nutrient, marketed as a dietary supplement, and in the US, a prescription medicine.
As a Niacin, it is precursor of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).
Severe deficiency of Niacin in the diet causes the disease pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, sun-sensitive dermatitis involving hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin (see image), inflammation of the mouth and tongue, delirium, dementia, and if left untreated, death.
Common psychiatric symptoms include irritability, poor concentration, anxiety, fatigue, loss of memory, restlessness, apathy, and depression.
Finally Niacin is indicated to treat severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Niacin is a B vitamin used to treat vitamin deficiencies as well as hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and to reduce the risk of myocardial infarctions.
Niacin acts to decrease levels of very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, while increasing levels of high density lipoproteins.
Niacin can be converted to nicotinamide in the animal body and, in this form, is found as a component of two oxidation-reduction coenzymes, NAD and NADP.
Niacin is taken by mouth for high cholesterol and other fats.
Niacin is also used for low levels of a specific type of cholesterol, HDL.
Niacin is also used along with other treatments for circulation problems, migraine headache, Meniere's syndrome and other causes of dizziness, and to reduce the diarrhea associated with cholera.
Niacin is also taken by mouth to for preventing positive urine drug screens in people who take illegal drugs.
Niacin is taken by mouth for preventing vitamin B3 deficiency and related conditions such as pellagra.
Niacin is also taken by mouth for schizophrenia, hallucinations due to drugs, Alzheimer's disease and age-related loss of thinking skills, chronic brain syndrome, muscle spasms, depression, motion sickness, alcohol dependence, blood vessel swelling linked with skin lesions, and fluid collection (edema).
Some people take Niacin by mouth for acne, leprosy, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), preventing premenstrual headache, improving digestion, protecting against toxins and pollutants, reducing the effects of aging, arthritis, lowering blood pressure, improving circulation, promoting relaxation, improving orgasms, and preventing cataracts.
Niacin is a member of the B family of vitamins (B complex).
Niacina water-soluble vitamin.
Like the other B vitamins, Niacin helps make energy in your body.
Niacin helps your body use carbohydrates, fatty acids, and proteins.
Niacin is found in many plant and animal foods, such as yeast, meats (especially liver), grains, legumes, corn treated with alkali (such as corn used in tortillas), and seeds.
Niacin can be made by the liver from the amino acid tryptophan.
Niacin can be manufactured by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan.
Niacin is obtained in the diet from a variety of whole and processed foods, with highest contents in fortified packaged foods, meat, poultry, red fish such as tuna and salmon, lesser amounts in nuts, legumes and seeds.
Niacin as a dietary supplement is used to treat pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency.
Signs and symptoms of pellagra include skin and mouth lesions, anemia, headaches, and tiredness many countries mandate its addition to wheat flour or other food grains, thereby reducing the risk of pellagra.
The amide derivative Niacin (niacinamide) is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+).
Niacin is also used to improve exercise performance.
Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin that cannot be stored in body fat.
Niacin has two active components, Niacin (niacin) and nicotinamide (niacinamide).
Niacin wasn’t until about 1943, though, that a couple of doctors reported that niacin worked wonders in relieving the pain and stiffness associated with arthritis.
Niacin excess cholesterol is then excreted throughthe biliary tract.
Niacin, also known as B3, Niacin or nicotinamide, is an important enzymatic component required for the body to function normally.
This vitamin allows us to obtain energy from macronutrients (carbohydrates and fats).
Niacin has a unique characteristic.
Niacin, a very important micronutrient for energy synthesis, also contributes to the healthy functioning of the nervous and digestive systems.
In addition to these, Niacin is known that it is good for skin health and vitality, hair and eyes.
Niacin, an enzymatic component, has an important role in the metabolism of fats and sugars.
In this way, cells have the ability to provide the energy they need to continue their normal functions.
Since Niacin helps regulate fat and cholesterol levels, it can be used for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular ailments.
Niacin, also called Niacin and vitamin B3, water-soluble vitamin of the B complex.
Niacin is also called the pellagra-preventive vitamin because an adequate amount in the diet prevents pellagra, a chronic disease characterized by skin lesions, gastrointestinal disturbance, and nervous symptoms.
Niacin is interchangeable in metabolism with its amide, niacinamide (nicotinamide).
Like the vitamins thiamin (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin functions as part of a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and acts to catalyze the oxidation of sugar derivatives and other substances.
Niacin, which was identified as a pellagra preventive in 1937, is widely distributed among plants and animals.
Uses Of Niacin:
Niacin or niacinamide are used to treat and prevent pellagra.
This is a disease caused by niacin deficiency.
Niacin is also used to treat high cholesterol.
In some cases, niacin taken with colestipol can work as well as colestipol and a statin medicine.
Niacin USP granular is used for food fortification, as dietary supplement and as an intermediate of pharmaceuticals.
Niacin feed grade is used as vitamin for poultry, swines, ruminants, fish, dogs and cats, etc.
Niacin is also used as intermediate for Niacin derivatives and technical applications.
Niacin is used to prevent and treat niacin deficiency (pellagra).
Niacin deficiency may result from certain medical conditions (such as alcohol abuse, malabsorption syndrome, Hartnup disease), poor diet, or long-term use of certain medications (such as isoniazid).
Niacin, a form of niacin, is used in skincare products to address various skin conditions, such as acne, rosacea, and hyperpigmentation.
Niacin can help improve the appearance and texture of the skin.
Niacin has anti-inflammatory properties and is used in skincare products to soothe and calm irritated skin.
Niacin may also help reduce redness associated with certain skin conditions.
In addition to treating pellagra caused by niacin deficiency, Niacin can sometimes be used to alleviate pellagra-like conditions that may result from other medical conditions or medications.
Niacin deficiency can cause diarrhea, confusion (dementia), tongue redness/swelling, and peeling red skin.
Niacin is also known as niacin and vitamin B3.
Niacin is a water-soluble conditioning agent that improves rough, dry, or flaky skin, helping smooth the skin and improve its suppleness.
Niacin enhances the appearance and feel of hair, by increasing body, suppleness, or sheen, or by improving the texture of hair that has been damaged physically or by chemical treatment.
When used in the formulation of skin care products, niacinamide and niacin enhance the appearance of dry or damaged skin by reducing flaking and restoring suppleness.
Niacin is a precursor of the coenzymes NAD and NADP.
Widely distributed in nature; appreciable amounts are found in liver , fish, yeast and cereal grains.
Niacin is a water-soluble b-complex vitamin that is necessary for the growth and health of tissues.
Dietary deficiency is associated with pellagra.
Niacin was functions as a nutrient and dietary supplement that prevents pellagra.
The term "Niacin" has also been applied.
Niacin is used as a medication to help lower elevated levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood while increasing HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.
Niacin can help address issues like acne, dry skin, and skin aging.
Niacin has been used in the prevention of migraines, although its effectiveness can vary from person to person.
Some studies have suggested that niacin supplementation may help improve certain symptoms of schizophrenia when used in combination with other medications.
Niacin is involved in various metabolic processes in the brain and may play a role in maintaining cognitive function.
Some research has explored its potential in Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline, though results are inconclusive.
High-dose Niacin has been used in certain detoxification programs for individuals trying to eliminate traces of illicit drugs, particularly marijuana, from their system.
This approach is controversial and should only be done under medical supervision.
Niacin is a crucial component in the production of energy within cells. It helps convert food into energy and is involved in various metabolic pathways.
Niacin has been shown to lower levels of Lp(a) cholesterol, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Niacin can be used in specific cases to target elevated Lp(a) levels.
Niacin is often prescribed for individuals with high cholesterol or those at risk of heart disease.
Due to its cholesterol-lowering properties, Niacin can be prescribed to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes in certain patients with cardiovascular disease.
Niacin is sometimes used to treat hyperlipidemia, a condition characterized by high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood.
Niacin can also be used to manage dyslipidemia, a condition involving abnormal lipid levels in the blood, including high LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
In some cases, Niacin may be used to improve blood circulation in people with certain vascular conditions, like intermittent claudication, a symptom of peripheral arterial disease.
Niacin is sometimes used topically or in skincare products to improve the health and appearance of the skin.
Niacin is an important factor in delivering hydrogen and fighting pellagra in organisms; it helps maintain skin and nerve health and stimulate digestion.
Safety Profile Of Niacin:
Niacinv poison by intraperitoneal route.
Niacin, questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes.
Human systemic effects: change in clotting factors, changes in platelet count.
