NIACINAMIDE (VITAMIN B3)

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) was formerly called nicotinic acid; however, the term niacin is now preferred to avoid any confusion with the alkaloid, nicotine. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are coenzymes involved in cellular metabolism. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can produce a variety of adverse effects, depending on the intake and health of the consumer. 

CAS Number: 98-92-0
Molecular Formula: C6H6N2O
Molecular Weight: 122.12
EINECS Number: 202-713-4

Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide, refers to the amide derivative of niacin that is equivalent in vitamin activity. 
Some texts use niacin to refer to Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), and any derivatives with vitamin activity comparable to niacin. 
Furthermore, research and chemistry-based resources use the terms Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) and nicotinamide; whereas pharmacy resources use niacin and niacinamide.

Nicotinamide aka Vitamin B3 (niacinamide, nicotinic acid amide) is the pyridine 3 carboxylic acid amide form of niacin. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a water‑soluble vitamin that is not stored in the body. 
The main source of vitamin in diet is in the form of nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and tryptophan. 

The main source of niacin include meat, liver, green leafy vegetables, wheat, oat, palm kernel oil, legumes, yeast, mushrooms, nuts, milk, fish, tea, and coffee.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a component of coenzyme I (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADP) and coenzyme II (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADP). 
The nicotinamide part of these two coenzyme structures in human body has reversible hydrogenation and dehydrogenation characteristics, It plays a hydrogen transfer role in biological oxidation, can promote tissue respiration, biological oxidation process and metabolism, and is of great significance to maintain the integrity of normal tissues, especially skin, digestive tract and nervous system. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation. 
They play a critical role in the conversion of nutrients into energy.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is often used in skincare products due to its beneficial effects on the skin. 

Additionally, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) may be useful in managing certain skin conditions, such as acne and rosacea.
The skin flushing reaction produced by Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) has been recognized for more than 70 years. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), melting point is 234-237℃. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is slightly soluble in water and ethanol; 100ml room temperature water can dissolve 1.6g. 

When taken on an empty stomach, crystalline Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) in doses as small as 10 mg may produce a mild and transient, but noticeable, flushing reaction. 
While not desirable, such reactions produce no known adverse consequences, and they are almost never perceptible when small amounts of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) are taken in tablet or capsule form or consumed as part of food.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is sometimes referred to as nicotinic acid or nicotinamide and earlier called the P-P factor, antipellagra factor, antiblacktongue factor, and vitamin B4, niacin is available in several forms (niacin, niacinamide, niacinamide ascorbate, etc.) for use as a nutrient and dietary supplement. 
In each of these compounds, the electron-withdrawing effect of the N-1 atom and the amide group of the oxidized pyridine nucleus enables the pyridine C-4 atom to react with many nucleophilic agents (e.g., sulfite, cyanide, and hydride ions). 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is the reaction with hydride ions (H?) that is the basis of the enzymatic hydrogen transfer by the pyridine nucleotides; the reaction involves the transfer of two electrons in a single step.

Several substituted pyridines are antagonists of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) in biological systems: pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, 3-acetylpyridine, isonicotinic acid hydrazine, 17 and 6-aminonicotinamide.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is involved in DNA repair processes, contributing to the maintenance of genetic stability within cells.
As a component of NAD, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is involved in the proper functioning of the nervous system. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) plays a role in neurotransmitter synthesis and nerve cell communication.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) has been studied for its potential cardiovascular benefits, including its role in lipid metabolism. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) may help lower levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.

Some studies suggest that Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) may have a role in supporting joint health, particularly in conditions like osteoarthritis.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial in various conditions involving inflammation.
Through its role in NAD and NADP, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) participates in the energy production processes of the cell, aiding in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for energy.

There is ongoing research exploring the potential links between Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) and mental health, including its impact on conditions such as anxiety and depression.
However, more research is needed in this area.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is white needle crystal or crystalline powder, no smell or odor slightly, slightly bitter taste. 

The pH of 10% aqueous solution is 6.5-7.5. in dry air to light and heat stability, in alkaline or acidic solution, heating generation to Niacinamide (Vitamin B3). 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is frequently identified with the B complex vitamin grouping. 
Early in the research on Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), a nutritional niacin deficiency was identified as the cause of pellagra in humans, blacktongue in dogs, and certain forms of dermatosis in humans. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) deficiency is also associated with perosis in chickens as well as poor feathering of the birds.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) and nicotinamide are colorless crystalline substances.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is slightly soluble in water and ethanol; nicotinamide is very soluble in water and moderately soluble in ethanol.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)s car boxyl group can form esters and anhydrides and can be reduced. 
Both nicotinic acid and Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) are very stable in dry form, but in solution nicotinamide is hydro lyzed by acids and bases to yield nicotinic.
The coenzyme forms of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) are the pyridine nucleotides, NAD(H) and NADP(H).

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble nutrient that can help improve a variety of skin concerns. 
Gaining popularity in the skincare industry due to its versatility and visible results, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a subsect of vitamin B3 and can be referred as two names interchangeably. 
Read on to develop an understanding on how this important Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can be used to visibly enhance your skin for a softer, smoother and more balanced looking complexion.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a multipurpose skin care ingredient. It helps build keratin, a protein that maintains skin health.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) may enhance the function of skin’s lipid barrier (a layer of water and oil that protects your skin). 
This helps lock moisture in and keep pollutants or other potential irritants out.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) has been shown to ease inflammation, which can help calm redness due to conditions like acne, rosacea and eczema. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can also soothe irritation caused by strong exfoliants like retinol or glycolic acid.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) may help minimize pore's appearance by helping keep your skin smooth and clear. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) also may help regulate the amount of oil your glands produce, which can prevent breakouts and clogged pores.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) supplements may help prevent new skin cancer or precancerous spots from developing in some people.
Some research suggests skin care formulas with 5% Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can also help lighten dark spots.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a form of vitamin B3 made in the body from tryptophan. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)'s found in many foods including meat, fish, milk, eggs, green vegetables, and cereals.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is required for the proper function of fats and sugars in the body and to maintain healthy cells. 

At high doses, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) might help people with heart disease because of its effects on blood clotting. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) might also improve levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a form of vitamin B3.1 "Vitamin B3" can mean niacinamide (nicotinamide) or nicotinic acid (niacin).

Some companies may label Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) and nicotinic acid as "niacin." 
However, niacin and Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) are different forms of vitamin B3. They have different chemical structures that work differently in your body. 
For example, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) doesn't reduce cholesterol levels like niacin.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning it's not stored in the body.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is one form of vitamin B3 (niacin) that plays an important role in energy metabolism and cell health. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) may offer benefits related to skin care and skin cancer, as well as chronic kidney disease and type 1 diabetes.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) was discovered by the oxidation of nicotine.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is derived from nicotinic acid + vitamin, as the name to be given to it is not intended to evoke nicotine.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can be seen in ancient texts that the name vitamin PP (short for the English term "pellegra prevention") was used for Nicotinic acid.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a B vitamin that's made and used by your body to turn food into energy.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) helps keep your nervous system, digestive system and skin healthy.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is often part of a daily multivitamin, but most people get enough niacin from the food they eat.

Foods rich in Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) include yeast, milk, meat, tortillas and cereal grains.
People use prescription Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) (Niacor, Niaspan) to help control their cholesterol.
The recommended daily amount of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) for adult males is 16 milligrams (mg) a day and for adult women who aren't pregnant, 14 mg a day.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), is a water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement.
The two most common forms of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) in food and supplements are nicotinic acid and nicotinamide.
The body can also convert tryptophan—an amino acid—to Niacinamide (Vitamin B3).

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is water-soluble so that excess amounts the body does not need are excreted in the urine.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) works in the body as a coenzyme, with more than 400 enzymes dependent on it for various reactions.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) helps to convert nutrients into energy, create cholesterol and fats, create and repair DNA, and exert antioxidant effects.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is one of the two forms of vitamin B3 — the other being nicotinic acid. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also known as niacin.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) and nicotinic acid both provide vitamin B3 activity, but they differ in chemical structure and how they affect your health.

This article explains what Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is, its benefits, uses and potential side effects.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside.
All three forms of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) are converted within the body to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is required for human life and people are unable to make it within their bodies without either vitamin B3 or tryptophan.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) riboside was identified as a form of vitamin B3 in 2004.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can be manufactured by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is obtained in the diet from a variety of whole and processed foods, with highest contents in fortified packaged foods, meat, poultry, red fish such as tuna and salmon, lesser amounts in nuts, legumes and seeds.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)as a dietary supplement is used to treat pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency. 
Signs and symptoms of pellagra include skin and mouth lesions, anemia, headaches, and tiredness.

Many countries mandate its addition to wheat flour or other food grains, thereby reducing the risk of pellagra.
The amide Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). 
Although niacin and Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) are identical in their vitamin activity, nicotinamide does not have the same pharmacological, lipid-modifying effects or side effects as niacin, i.e., when niacin takes on the -amide group, it does not reduce cholesterol nor cause flushing.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is recommended as a treatment for niacin deficiency because it can be administered in remedial amounts without causing the flushing, considered an adverse effect.
In the past, the group was loosely referred to as vitamin B3 complex.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) naturally found in food is susceptible to destruction from high heat cooking, especially in the presence of acidic foods and sauces. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is soluble in water, and so may also be lost from foods boiled in water.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) deficiency is rarely seen in developed countries, and it is more typically associated with poverty, malnutrition or malnutrition secondary to chronic alcoholism.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) also tends to occur in areas where people eat maize (corn) as a staple food, as maize is low in digestible niacin.

A cooking technique called nixtamalization, that is, pretreating with alkali ingredients, increases the bioavailability of niacin during maize meal or flour production.
For this reason, people who consume corn as tortillas or hominy are at less risk of niacin deficiency.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), or as us normal people call it vitamin B3, is a real skincare superstar that has had so many studies and has so many skin benefits that we have to warn you that this "geeky details" description will not be short. 

Just as an intro a couple of thing about the stuff itself: Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)'s a water-soluble vitamin that usually comes in white powder form. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is odorless and has a salty, bitter taste. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can be found in meat, fish, wheat and small amounts in vegetables. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), also known as niacinamide or nicotinic acid amide, is the water-soluble, active form of vitamin B3. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) has been increasingly studied for many different indications in the field of dermatology, but more research is needed to clarify its value.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is naturally present in small quantities in yeast, lean meats, fish, nuts and legumes. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also often added to cereals and other foods. 
Oral nicotinamide is available as 20–30 mg in multivitamin combinations, and on its own as inexpensive 500-mg tablets. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) has also been incorporated in many topical agents including sunscreens and cosmetic agents.

Melting point: 128-131 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 150-160 °C
Density: 1.40
vapor density: 4.22 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4660 (estimate)
Flash point: 182 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: 691g/l
pka: 3.3(at 20℃)
form: powder
color: white
PH: 6.0-7.5 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 9
Water Solubility: 1000 g/L (20 ºC)
Decomposition: >=200 °C
Merck: 14,6523
BRN: 383619
BCS Class: 1
LogP: -0.38 at 21℃

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), also known as Niacin, contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system, normal psychological function, maintenance of normal mucous membranes, skin, reduction of tiredness and fatigue, and normal energy-yielding metabolism. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is readily absorbed for maximum utilisation and benefit to the body.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) filter solutions are filled and immediately fused under controlled conditions to become permanently airtight.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a coenzyme involved in the production of energy through the citric acid cycle.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is used in combination with a healthy diet to lower bad cholesterol and increase good cholesterol.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also used to decrease triglycerides.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can also be helpful in patients who have heart disease or who have had a heart attack.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) (also known as “vitamin B3” or “vitamin PP”) includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is an important cofactor in maintaining healthy psychological function. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) also supports the functioning of the nervous system and contributes to the normal maintenance of skin and mucous membranes.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) assists in the breakdown and utilisation of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) also causes peripheral vascular dilation (which can lead to a temporary skin flushing after ingestion).
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is naturally present in many foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) has a role as an antidote, an antilipemic drug, a vasodilator agent, a metabolite, an EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a plant metabolite.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a vitamin B3, a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid and a pyridine alkaloid. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a conjugate acid of a nicotinate.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement. 
The two most common forms of Nicotinic acid in food and supplements are nicotinic acid and Niacinamide (Vitamin B3). 
The body can also convert tryptophan—an amino acid—to Niacinamide (Vitamin B3). 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) excess cholesterol is then excreted throughthe biliary tract.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), also known as B3, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide, is an important enzymatic component required for the body to function normally.
This vitamin allows us to obtain energy from macronutrients (carbohydrates and fats).

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), a very important micronutrient for energy synthesis, also contributes to the healthy functioning of the nervous and digestive systems.
In addition to these, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is known that it is good for skin health and vitality, hair and eyes.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), an enzymatic component, has an important role in the metabolism of fats and sugars.

In this way, cells have the ability to provide the energy they need to continue their normal functions.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) use of supplements containing niacin may be beneficial in terms of weight loss, as the substance will stimulate energy synthesis and help reduce the feeling of fatigue caused by weight loss.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) also positively affects the vitality and health of the skin, eyes and hair and can be used for the treatment of skin conditions such as dermatitis, skin irritation and acne.

Adequate consumption of niacin contributes to the strengthening of the digestive and immune systems, while helping to fight oxidative stress.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) also has positive effects on the health of the nervous system (it triggers units related to cognitive functions and memory).
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is water-soluble so that excess amounts the body does not need are excreted in the urine. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) works in the body as a coenzyme, with more than 400 enzymes dependent on it for various reactions. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) helps to convert nutrients into energy, create cholesterol and fats, create and repair DNA, and exert antioxidant effects. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also a prescription medication.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is easily soluble in hot water, hot ethanol, alkaline water, propylene glycol, and chloroform. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is amphoteric and forms salts with acids as well as bases. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) deficiency can cause serious symptoms such as muscle weakness, digestive upsets (irritation of the mucus layer in the mouth, stomach, and intestines), loss of appetite, and skin rashes.

In more severe cases, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can cause lesions in the central nervous system, leading to confusion and disorientation.
Studies have shown that Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can significantly lower cholesterol levels, but because the product is inexpensive, the pharmaceutical industry has not commercialized this supplement as a combined treatment for hypercholesteremia.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) helps regulate fat and cholesterol levels, it can be used for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular ailments.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), also called nicotinic acid and vitamin B3, water-soluble vitamin of the B complex.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also called the pellagra-preventive vitamin because an adequate amount in the diet prevents pellagra, a chronic disease characterized by skin lesions, gastrointestinal disturbance, and nervous symptoms.
Acts as a weak base in solution. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) neutralize acids to form salts plus water. 
These acid-base reactions are exothermic. 
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. 
Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. 

Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. 
Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. 
Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. 

Synthesis Of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3):
1.β-methyl pyridine is oxidized to nicotinic acid by air, and the latter is produced by the action of ammonium hydroxide, and then heating and dehydration.
2.Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), boric acid and ammonia into reaction pot, stirring at the condition of ammonia gas, heating dissolution; then distilled ammonia recovery, to 120℃ after the immigration dewatering pot continues to enrich; when the temperature reached 145 ℃, start adding liquid ammonia, and in 185 to 190℃ to ammonia reaction 20～30h. 

And then cooled to 130℃, diluted with distilled water, activated carbon was added, and in 70~80℃through ammonia decolorization 2h; reaction after filtered, , filtrate in 24 hours after analysis of cold water, fractional crystallization and washing with ethanol, and drying to obtain the finished product. 
The yield was 89%.
3. From the Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) and ammonia react into salt and then dehydrated.

History Of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3):
Corn (maize) became a staple food in the southeast United States and in parts of Europe. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) a disease that was characterized by dermatitis of sunlight-exposed skin was described in Spain in 1735 by Gaspar Casal. 
Attributed the cause to poor diet.

In northern Italy it was named pellagra from the Lombard language (agra = holly-like or serum-like; pell = skin).[38][39] In time, the disease was more closely linked specifically to corn.
In the US, Joseph Goldberger was assigned to study pellagra by the Surgeon General of the United States. 
His studies confirmed a corn-based diet as the culprit, but he did not identify the root cause.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) was extracted from the liver by biochemist Conrad Elvehjem in 1937. 
He later identified the active ingredient, referring to it as "pellagra-preventing factor" and the "anti-blacktongue factor."
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) was also referred to as "vitamin PP", "vitamin P-P" and "PP-factor", all derived from the term "pellagra-preventive factor".

In the late 1930s, studies by Tom Douglas Spies, Marion Blankenhorn, and Clark Cooper confirmed that niacin cured pellagra in humans. 
The prevalence of the disease was greatly reduced as a result.
In 1942, when flour enrichment with Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) began, a headline in the popular press said "Tobacco in Your Bread." 

In response, the Council on Foods and Nutrition of the American Medical Association approved of the Food and Nutrition Board's new names niacin and Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) amide for use primarily by non-scientists. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) was thought appropriate to choose a name to dissociate nicotinic acid from nicotine, to avoid the perception that vitamins or niacin-rich foods contain nicotine, or that cigarettes contain vitamins. 
The resulting name niacin was derived from nicotinic acid + vitamin.

J. Laguna and K.J. Carpenter found in 1951, that Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) in corn is biologically unavailable and can be released only in very alkaline lime water of pH 11. 
This explains why a Latin-American culture that used alkali-treated (nixtamalized) cornmeal to make tortilla was not at risk for niacin deficiency.

Uses Of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3):
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble B complex vitamin which is naturally present in animal products, whole cereals and legumes. 
Together with Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), it belongs to vitamin B3 or vitamin PP, and is required as a nutrient to prevent the niacin deficiency disorder pellagra. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) functions as a coenzyme or cosubstrate in many biological reduction and oxidation reactions required for energy metabolism in mammalian systems. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is used as a nutritional supplement, therapeutic agent, skin and hair conditioning agent in cosmetics, and a constituent of consumer household solvent and cleaning products and paints. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is approved for use by the FDA as a food additive to enrich corn meal, farina, rice, and macaroni and noodle products. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also affirmed as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by the FDA as a direct human food ingredient which includes its use in infant formula. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is approved for use in pesticide products applied to growing crops only as a synergist with a maximum limitation of 0.5% of formulation.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is an important factor in delivering hydrogen and fighting pellagra in organisms; it helps maintain skin and nerve health and stimulate digestion.
Nicotinic acid or Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) are used to treat and prevent pellagra.
 
This is a disease caused by Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) deficiency. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also used to treat high cholesterol. 
In some cases, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) taken with colestipol can work as well as colestipol and a statin medicine.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) USP granular is used for food fortification, as dietary supplement and as an intermediate of pharmaceuticals.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) feed grade is used as vitamin for poultry, swines, ruminants, fish, dogs and cats, etc. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also used as intermediate for nicotinic acid derivatives and technical applications.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is used to prevent and treat niacin deficiency (pellagra). 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) deficiency may result from certain medical conditions (such as alcohol abuse, malabsorption syndrome, Hartnup disease), poor diet, or long-term use of certain medications (such as isoniazid).
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) deficiency can cause diarrhea, confusion (dementia), tongue redness/swelling, and peeling red skin.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is also known as niacin and vitamin B3. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble conditioning agent that improves rough, dry, or flaky skin, helping smooth the skin and improve its suppleness. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) enhances the appearance and feel of hair, by increasing body, suppleness, or sheen, or by improving the texture of hair that has been damaged physically or by chemical treatment. 

When used in the formulation of skin care products, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) and niacin enhance the appearance of dry or damaged skin by reducing flaking and restoring suppleness.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a nutrient and dietary supplement that is an available form of niacin. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is pyridine beta-carboxylic acid and nicotinamide, which is another term for niacinamide, is the corresponding amide. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a powder of good water solubility, having a solubility of 1 g in 1 ml of water. 
Unlike Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), it has a bitter taste; the taste is masked in the encapsulated form. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is used in fortification of cereals, snack foods, and powdered beverages. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is used as a skin stimulant and skin smoother. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) USP is used as food additive, for multivitamin preparations and as intermediate for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is used as a medication to help lower elevated levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood while increasing HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is often prescribed for individuals with high cholesterol or those at risk of heart disease.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is used in the treatment of niacin deficiency, which is referred to as pellagra (from the Italian, pelle for “skin” and agra for “dry”). 
The major systems affected are the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea, enteritis and stomatitis), the skin (dermatitis), and the CNS (generalized neurological deficits including dementia). 

Pellagra has become a rare condition in the United States and other countries that require or encourage enrichment of wheat flour or fortification of cereals with Niacinamide (Vitamin B3).
Because the nucleotide form can be synthesized in vivo from tryptophan, pellagra is most often seen in areas where the diet is deficient in both niacin and tryptophan. Typically, maize (corn)-based diets meet this criteria. 

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) deficiency can also result from diarrhea, cirrhosis, alcoholism, or Hartnup disease. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is interesting that niacin deficiency can also, rarely, result from vitamin B6 deficiency (see Vitamin B6 section). 
Niacin, but not Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), is also one of the few vitamins that are useful in the treatment of diseases unrelated to deficiencies.

Safety Profile Of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3):
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a safe and inexpensive compound with negligible side effects. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is well tolerated even in doses of 1g/day to 3g/day.
There are no reports of teratogenicity with Niacinamide (Vitamin B3). 

Minor side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue. 
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) does not cause vasodilatory side effects like flushing, alteration in blood pressure, body temperature or pulse as seen with niacin.
In topical formulation, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) does not cause skin irritation, photosensitization in concentrations of 0.0001% to 4%.

While rare, some individuals may be allergic to Niacinamide (Vitamin B3). 
Allergic reactions can manifest as skin rashes, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. 
If any allergic reactions occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.

High doses of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) can sometimes cause mild digestive issues such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. 
This is more likely to occur with excessive intake of niacin, another form of vitamin B3, but it's essential to adhere to recommended dosages for Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) as well.

Synonyms Of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3):
nicotinamide
niacinamide
98-92-0
3-Pyridinecarboxamide
Nicotinic acid amide
pyridine-3-carboxamide
vitamin PP
Aminicotin
Amixicotyn
Papulex
Nicotylamide
Endobion
Hansamid
Nicobion
Nikotinamid
Savacotyl
Benicot
Dipegyl
Pelmine
Nicotinic amide
Delonin amide
Pelonin amide
Austrovit PP
Vi-Nicotyl
Inovitan PP
Amnicotin
Nicamindon
Nicomidol
Nicosylamide
Nicotamide
Nicotilamide
Nicotililamido
Nicovitina
Nicovitol
Nicozymin
Niocinamide
Niacevit
Niamide
Nicamina
Nicasir
Nicofort
Nicogen
Nicotol
Nicovit
Niozymin
Nicota
Niko-tamin
3-Carbamoylpyridine
Nandervit-N
Nicotinamidum
Niavit PP
Nicosan 2
Nicotine amide
Nicotine acid amide
Nikotinsaeureamid
Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid amide
Vitamin B
Nicotylamidum
Nicotinsaureamid
beta-Pyridinecarboxamide
Pyridine, 3-carbamoyl-
Mediatric
Factor pp
m-(Aminocarbonyl)pyridine
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid amide
Nicotinamida
Pelmin
Acid amide
Witamina PP
PP-Faktor
Amid kyseliny nikotinove
Amide PP
3-(aminocarbonyl)pyridine
Dipigyl
Niacinamid
Nicovel
Vitamin B (VAN)
CCRIS 1901
Nicotinsaureamid [German]
NAM
HSDB 1237
Nikotinsaeureamid [German]
Amid kyseliny nikotinove [Czech]
Nicotinamidum [INN-Latin]
Nicotinamida [INN-Spanish]
AI3-02906
NSC 13128
Nicotinamid
Nictoamide
Nicotinsaeureamid
3-Amidopyridine
Vi-noctyl
EINECS 202-713-4
NSC-13128
NSC-27452
b-Pyridinecarboxamide
Niacinamide (USP)
Niacinamide [USP]
UNII-25X51I8RD4
Nicotinamide [INN]
DTXSID2020929
CHEBI:17154
25X51I8RD4
Nicotinamide (Standard)
NSC13128
MFCD00006395
.beta.-Pyridinecarboxamide
Nicotinamide-(amide-15N)
Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3)
CHEMBL1140
DTXCID00929
MLS000069714
TPN COMPONENT NIACINAMIDE
EC 202-713-4
NIACINAMIDE COMPONENT OF TPN
NSC27452
NCGC00093354-03
NCGC00093354-05
SMR000058212
Nicotinamide 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
NIACINAMIDE (II)
NIACINAMIDE [II]
Niacinamide;Nicotinic acid amide;Vitamin B3
WLN: T6NJ CVZ
Nicotinamidum (INN-Latin)
Nicotinamida (INN-Spanish)
NIACINAMIDE (USP-RS)
NIACINAMIDE [USP-RS]
NICOTINAMIDE (MART.)
NICOTINAMIDE [MART.]
3 Pyridinecarboxamide
Niacinamide [USAN]
NICOTINAMIDE (EP IMPURITY)
NICOTINAMIDE [EP IMPURITY]
NIACINAMIDE (USP MONOGRAPH)
NIACINAMIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
NICOTINAMIDE (EP MONOGRAPH)
NICOTINAMIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
CAS-98-92-0
SR-01000721872
Niacotinamide
Nicosedine
Nicamid
nicotin-amide
Pahaba Control
Ultra Whitening
CellExosome HR
CellExosome SB
DEA No. 1405
Celonia CM
Ginseng Whitening
Dr. Cellmo
Royal GinsengCream
TOAS Rejuvenation
Nicotinamide,(S)
Vitamin B3 amide
Costem cell 5 N
Royal GinsengLotion
AAPE Skin Ampoule
CellExosome HE HR
Fantastic LightCream
Royal Ginseng Toner
Vita C Bright Serum
Vita C Bright Toner
Niacinamide Face Mask
Royal Ginseng Essence
Ultra Whitening Ample
TANIA PURECREAM
JUVEHEAL W Ampoule
Nicotinamidum (Latin)
BREXTEM S
NI-NICOTYL
Mediatric (Salt/Mix)
niacin - Vitamin B3
Dr. Color Effect Red
1yc5
DPC Aura Booster Mask
Dr Cellinme Mask Sheet
Opera_ID_775
Vita C Bright EyeCream
Miracle Laser Skin Mist
Niacin (as niacinamide)
Pyridine-3-carboxylamide
APLIN SPOT REMOVER
KARATICA I M CURE
NIACINAMIDE [FCC]
NICOTINAMIDE [MI]
TANIA PURE ESSENCE
VITA C BRIGHTCREAM
Pellagra-Preventing Factor
INTOMEDI HR PEPTIDE
NIACINAMIDE [HSDB]
NIACINAMIDE [INCI]
NICOTINAMIDE [JAN]
NYAAM NYAAM Vita Serum
RGO HYDRATION TONER
bmse000281
Miracle Moisturizer Essence
MolMap_000061
APLIN SPOT ALL KILL
MOISTIE PURE ESSENCE
NIACINAMIDE [VANDF]
DPC Whitening Booster Mask
SCHEMBL2926
AAPE Nutrient Facial Toner
Nicotinamide (JP17/INN)
NICOTINAMIDUM [HPUS]
NYAAM NYAAM Peptide Serum
Cellpium double essence toner
AAPE Continuous Renewal Mask
MLS001424246
Primerose Snail Hydro Essence
Shieldlife Whitening Ion Mask
Ultra V AQUA SHINE MASK
Ultra Whitening First Essence
NICOTINAMIDE [WHO-DD]
NICOTINAMIDE [WHO-IP]
by selected hyaluron day serum
Dr Cellinme Skin Care Ampoule
CELLPIUM REAL MASK PACK
Cellpium super richness ampoule
CAVIALL Wrinkle-Free PowerTox
Cellpium premiumEX hybrid toner
Revital Perfecting Dual Ampoule
SCHEMBL6278767
SGCUT00176
Daily Whitening Care Sheet Mask
Edge Cutimal Cat Whitening Mask
SCHEMBL19978192
BDBM27507
CELLBN MILKY TONE-UPCREAM
HY-B0150R
NYAAM NYAAM Skin Reborn Serum
A11HA01
Cellpium premiumEX hybrid essence
NIACINAMIDE [ORANGE BOOK]
BRIGHTUNING PEPTIDE AMPOULE
Nicotinamide, niacin, vitamin B3
HMS2052M21
HMS2090B05
HMS2093H03
HMS2236J03
HMS3370F21
HMS3394M21
HMS3655M20
HMS3713B22
HMS3884A16
Pharmakon1600-01505397
Ala-C Snail Cell Reparing Essence
AROCELL TIME REVERSE K I T
DR. GLODERM TABRX WHITENING
BCP07322
COSMEPURE BRIGHTENING CALMING
HY-B0150
THE SKIN HOUSE Vital BrightCream
THE SKIN HOUSE Vital BrightSerum
to_000073
ARILAC Brightening Mask Sheet Pack
Nicotinamide 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol
Nicotinamide, >=98.5% (HPLC)
Nicotinamide, >=99.5% (HPLC)
Tox21_111202
Tox21_201716
Tox21_302776
NICOTINAMIDUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
NSC759115
s1899
STL163867
THE SKIN HOUSE Vital Bright Toner
SFERANGS VITA C CAPSULEBOOSTER
AKOS005715850
Niveola P.H.c 3d Festival Mask Pack
Skin Project Ya Cooling Celluven Mask
THE SKIN HOUSE Vital BrightEmulsion
Tox21_111202_1
CCG-101149
CS-1968
DB02701
NC00399
NSC-759115
SB74497
Bk Cell 5days Of Secret Snow Whitening
EVECODE THREAD LIFTING MASK PACK
Nicotinamide 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Nicotinamide, >=98% (HPLC), powder
THE SKIN HOUSE Vital Bright Emulsion
THE SKIN HOUSE Vital Bright EyeCream
NCGC00093354-04
NCGC00093354-06
NCGC00093354-09
NCGC00256432-01
NCGC00259265-01
NIACIN (AS NIACINAMIDE) [VANDF]
AS-13845
BN166252
COSMEPURE BRIGHTENING CALMING TONER
DERLADIE HerbalExtract BodySolution MIST
Nicotinamide, puriss., 99.0-101.0%
SY024804
DR. GLODERM TIME TO WHITENING MASK
FRESH MANDARIN AROMATHERAPY MASK27g
Nicotinamide, tested according to Ph.Eur.
SBI-0206826.P001
AN ADC SP INTENSIVE MOISTURE ESSENCE
CS-0694823
Derma Pella Facial Cleanser for Normal Skin
DR.ALTHEA POWER WHITENING GLUTATHIONE
FT-0631517
FT-0672696
FT-0773644
MIZON ENJOY VITAL UP TIME Whitening Mask
N0078
SW197779-3
The Hayan Cherry Blossom Brightening Essence
EN300-15612
Niacinamide, meets USP testing specifications
C00153
D00036
DERMAHAN THE WHITENING MOISTURIZING MASK
Nicotinamide (Niacinamide), analytical standard
AB00373895-13
AB00373895_15
AB00373895_16
Derma Pella Cleanser for Sensitive and Dry Skin
Nicotinamide, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=98%
A845925
AC-907/25014114
AROCELL X BELLE J SUPER POWER CELL AMPOULE
J9 ULTRA ADVANCED INTENSIVE SCALP SERUM V2
Q192423
LEBODY LAB RENEWAL DUAL EFFECT PEPTIDE SERUM
Q-201470
SR-01000721872-3
SR-01000721872-4
SR-01000721872-5
LEBODY LAB RENEWAL DUAL EFFECT IDEBENONE SERUM
MUSTUS DAILY HARVEST SQUEEZE TONE UP MASK PACK
PAPA RECIPE BOMBEE BRIGHTENING HONEY MASK PACK
SISEUNDEUSI LUMINANT MASK PACK STEP2(WHITENING)
Z33546463
F2173-0513
Niacinamide;Nicotinic acid amide;Vitamin B3; Vitamin PP
Nicotinamide, British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard
A186B02E-6C70-4E54-9739-79398D439AAA
Nicotinamide, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Niacinamide, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9
Niacinamide, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Nicotinamide, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture