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Nitrilotrispropanol is a tertiary alkanolamine containing three hydroxypropyl groups attached to a central nitrogen atom, giving it both hydrophilic and basic properties that make it highly soluble in water and multifunctional in industrial applications.
Nitrilotrispropanol is widely used in cement grinding, metalworking fluids, coatings, detergents, and corrosion inhibitors, where it improves efficiency, stabilizes formulations, and enhances surface protection.
Due to its amphiphilic structure, low volatility, and biodegradability, Nitrilotrispropanol serves as a versatile neutralizer, emulsifier, and dispersant, making it a valuable building block across multiple industries.
CAS Number: 122-20-3
EC Number: 204-528-4
Molecular Formula: C9H21NO3
Molecular Weight: 191.27 g/mol
Synonyms: Triisopropanolamine, 122-20-3, 1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol, TIPA, TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE, Tri-2-propanolamine, Tri-iso-propanolamine, Tris(2-propanol)amine, 1-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol, 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris-, Tris(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine, Caswell No. 891, CCRIS 4884, 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri-, 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(propan-2-ol), HSDB 5593, Triisopropanolamin, UNII-W9EN9DLM98, NSC 4010, 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol, EINECS 204-528-4, trisisopropanolamine, W9EN9DLM98, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 004209, BRN 1071570, tris(isopropanol)amine, DTXSID5021415, UNICHEM TIPA, AI3-01450, NSC-4010, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris-2-propanol, 3,3',3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol), 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol), tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine, DTXCID201415, EC 204-528-4, 4-04-00-01680 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Triisopropanolamine (mixture of isomers), TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE [HSDB], 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris[2-propanol], 204-528-4, CAS-122-20-3, MFCD00004533, Tri2propanolamine, TiPlA, Tris(2propanol)amine, Tris(2hydroxypropyl)amine, Triisopropanolamine, 95%, Tris(2hydroxy1propyl)amine, tris(2-hydroxypropyl) amine, SCHEMBL28985, 1,1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol, 1,1',1''Nitrilotri2propanol, CHEMBL1877948, 3,3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol), 3,3',3"Nitrilotri(2propanol), tris-(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine, NSC4010, TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE [INCI], 1,1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol), CHEBI:170017, 1,1',1"-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol, 2-Propanol,1',1''-nitrilotri-, 2Propanol, 1,1',1''nitrilotri, 1,1',1''Nitrilotris(2propanol), 2-Propanol,1',1''-nitrilotris-, 2Propanol, 1,1',1''nitrilotris, AAA12220, Tox21_201952, Tox21_302748, 1,1', 1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol, AKOS015965047, 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(-2-propanol), CS-W010723, NCGC00164112-01, NCGC00164112-02, NCGC00256448-01, NCGC00259501-01, LS-13727, WLN: QY1 & 1N1YQ1 & 1YQ1, 2-PROPANOL 1,1',1''-NITRILOTRI-, NS00010227, D70439, EN300-8108474, propane, 1-di(2-hydroxypropyl)amino-2-hydroxy-, Q1729503, 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri-, AMIX TI 85%, (Mixture of isoMer), TriisopropanolaMine, TriisopropanolaMine, 98% 1KG, TriisopropanolaMine, 98% 5GR, 1,1',1"-NITRILOTRI-2-PROPANOL FOR SYNTHE, TriisopropanolaMine, Mixture of isoMers
Nitrilotrispropanol is a trihydroxy tertiary amine belonging to the class of alkanolamines, chemically represented as N(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH)₃.
Nitrilotrispropanol appears as a colorless to pale yellow, viscous liquid with hygroscopic properties and a mild amine-like odor.
Due to the presence of three hydroxypropyl groups attached to a central nitrogen atom, Nitrilotrispropanol exhibits both hydrophilic and basic characteristics, making it highly soluble in water and most polar solvents.
Nitrilotrispropanol's multifunctional structure allows it to act as a chelating agent, complexing agent, and intermediate in various chemical processes.
Industrially, Nitrilotrispropanol is widely used in metalworking fluids, textile finishing, detergents, coatings, and in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors, where its ability to stabilize metal ions and enhance surface protection is particularly valuable.
In addition, Nitrilotrispropanol serves as a versatile building block in the synthesis of resins, surfactants, and specialty chemicals, contributing to its broad application across multiple industries.
Nitrilotrispropanol is commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications due to its multifunctional chemical properties—it acts as a neutralizing agent, emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor, and dispersant.
In its pure form, Nitrilotrispropanol is a viscous, colorless to slightly yellow solid or liquid that is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air) and soluble in water.
Nitrilotrispropanol is easier to handle than the pure solid form and is often used in the production of cement additives, cutting fluids, metalworking fluids, and coatings.
In particular, Nitrilotrispropanol improves grinding efficiency and enhances the quality and workability of cement in construction applications.
Nitrilotrispropanol can be found in cosmetic and personal care products as a pH adjuster and emulsifier, although in such uses, high-purity grades would be selected.
Nitrilotrispropanol is considered an industry standard concentration for manufacturing and formulation purposes due to its balance of usability and effectiveness.
Nitrilotrispropanol at 85 percent concentration, is a viscous, water-soluble organic compound that functions as both a weak base and a multifunctional chemical additive across a wide range of industrial and commercial applications, with the remaining 15% of the formulation typically consisting of water, which serves to improve its handling characteristics and solubility without significantly compromising performance.
Chemically classified as a tertiary alkanolamine, Nitrilotrispropanol contains a nitrogen atom bonded to three hydroxypropyl groups, a structural arrangement that gives it unique physicochemical properties—including high polarity, low volatility, and the ability to act simultaneously as a neutralizing agent, buffer, complexing agent, and surfactant—all of which contribute to its versatility in diverse formulations.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a white to slightly yellow crystalline that is almost odorless.
Nitrilotrispropanol is fully soluble in water.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a corrosive and hygroscopic solid.
A basic chemical used in many applications serving as an emulsifier, stabilizer, chemical intermediate and neutralizer that achieves basicity, buffering and alkalinity objectives.
Building block in the manufacture of triazine based corrosion inhibitors.
Nitrilotrispropanol acts as a neutralizers for water-based coatings.
Nitrilotrispropanol acts as a neutralizer for water-based coatings.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a blend of Nitrilotrispropanol and 15% deionized water.
Nitrilotrispropanol is free of GMO and BSE.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a good solubilizer for oils and fats.
Offers heat and color stability with low formulation cost.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a tertiary alkanolamine, meaning it has three alcohol groups and a nitrogen atom at its core.
Nitrilotrispropanol consists of a central nitrogen atom bonded to three 2-hydroxypropyl groups (i.e., isopropanol units with hydroxyl groups).
This molecular structure gives Nitrilotrispropanol amphiphilic properties—it interacts well with both water and oil-based substances.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used as a stabilizer, intermediate, and an emulsifier in industrial applications.
Nitrilotrispropanol is an amine used for a variety of industrial applications, including emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate.
Nitrilotrispropanol is also used to neutralize the acidic components of some herbicides.
Nitrilotrispropanol concentration, is a widely used industrial chemical that consists of approximately 85% active Nitrilotrispropanol and about 15% water.
Nitrilotrispropanol appears as a clear to slightly yellow, viscous liquid at room temperature.
Nitrilotrispropanol is preferred in many commercial applications because it offers a convenient liquid form for easy mixing and handling, compared to the solid or crystalline pure form of the compound.
Chemically, Nitrilotrispropanol is a tertiary amine with three hydroxypropyl groups attached to a central nitrogen atom, giving it both basic (alkaline) and hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties.
This combination makes Nitrilotrispropanol useful in processes that require pH adjustment, water solubility, and interaction with both organic and inorganic substances.
This version is tailored to flow more like a technical explanation in a white paper, product manual, or advanced training guide.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a popularly adopted organic chemical compound which is widely used in various industries.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a viscous liquid with a pale yellow to colorless appearance.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used for various purposes, ranging from cement grinding aid, corrosion inhibitor, and stabilizing agent in oil and gas wells, among others.
This article provides an in-depth overview of Nitrilotrispropanol by covering aspects such as its CAS number and synonyms, physical properties, chemical characteristics, applications, and manufacture procedures.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a primary amine that has a unique chemical structure with three hydroxyl groups and three amine groups attached to the central carbon.
Nitrilotrispropanol is highly alkaline and forms a stable complex with metallic ions, thereby serving as a good corrosion inhibitor.
Nitrilotrispropanol also has excellent properties as a cement grinding aid.
Nitrilotrispropanol can improve the grinding efficiency of cement and reduce the energy consumption of the grinding process.
The hydroxyl (-OH) groups make Nitrilotrispropanol highly hydrophilic, which is why it dissolves easily in water.
The tertiary amine group gives Nitrilotrispropanol basicity, allowing it to act as a pH regulator, buffer, or neutralizing agent.
Because of this structure, Nitrilotrispropanol is non-volatile, has low odor, and is non-flammable under normal conditions.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fuels and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Nitrilotrispropanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break uids) and outdoor use in longlife materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).
Release to the environment of Nitrilotrispropanol can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.
Other release to the environment of Nitrilotrispropanol is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. ooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Nitrilotrispropanol can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic used for large surface area articles (e.g. construction and building materials for oor coverings, isolation articles), plastic used for large surface area articles (e.g. construction and building materials for ooring, insulation) and plastic used for toys and other articles intended for children’s use, including baby-bottles.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases, metal working uids and inks and toners.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used in the following areas: building & construction work and printing and recorded media reproduction.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used in the following products: fuels and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of Nitrilotrispropanol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used in the following products: paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes, inks and toners, laboratory chemicals, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases and metal working uids.
Nitrilotrispropanol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Nitrilotrispropanol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, chemicals and pulp, paper and paper products.
Release to the environment of Nitrilotrispropanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in the production of articles.
Release to the environment of Nitrilotrispropanol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a compound of hydroxylamine with an organic amine and hydroxyl used in a mixture, especially to increase the nal strength of cement, concrete and mortar.
One of Nitrilotrispropanol’s most significant roles is in the cement and construction industry, where it's added as a grinding aid and set-time modifier during the manufacturing of Portland cement.
Nitrilotrispropanol reduces the electrostatic attraction between cement particles, allowing them to flow and grind more freely.
Nitrilotrispropanol adsorbs on the surface of clinker particles, minimizing agglomeration (clumping).
Enhances hydration of alite and belite phases in cement, which increases early and late compressive strength.
Helps to control setting time, especially in hot climates or where cement sets too quickly.
Nitrilotrispropanol neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a solubilizer, corrosion inhibitor, emulsifier, lubricant, neutralizing agent.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used in concrete admixtures, cosmetics, flexible foam, herbicides, paint and coatings, polyurethane formulations, pigment dispersant, hair conditioner, hair spray, body wash, pesticides.
Nitrilotrispropanol, Isopropanolamine, and Mixed Isopropanolamine are used as water-soluble emulsifiers and neutralizers in cosmetic products at concentrations up to 1%.
In animal studies these ingredients were slightly toxic to practically nontoxic to rats and guinea pigs via acute oral administration.
Nitrilotrispropanol was relatively nontoxic to rats in the two subchronic oral studies.
These ingredients were moderate skin irritants for rabbits.
All four ingredients, when tested at 100% concentrations, were severe ocular irritants in rabbits.
Products containing small amounts (-1%) of Diisopropanolamine or Nitrilotrispropanol were not ocular irritants in rabbits.
The Nitrilotrispropanol salt was not mutagenic in Aspergillus nidulans.
Diisopropanolamine and Isopropanolamine at concentrations of 2% did not induce allergic contact dermatitis or photoallergic dermatitis in humans.
Clinical studies on cosmetic products containing no more than 1% Diisopropanolamine or 1.1% Nitrilotrispropanol were minimal skin irritant and contact sensitizers.
Nitrilotrispropanol is concluded that Diisopropanolamine, Nitrilotrispropanol, Isopropanolamine, and Mixed Isopropanolamine are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use and concentration.
The Isopropanolamines should not be used in products containing N-nitrosating agents.
Nitrilotrispropanol is a white solid with a slight odour of ammonia.
Nitrilotrispropanol is widely used as emulsiers, stabilizers, surfactants and chemical intermediates.
Major applications include coatings as a cross-linker, acid neutralizer to improve product stability and pesticides as a neutralizer and to improve product stability.
Nitrilotrispropanol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
Diisopropanolamine, Nitrilotrispropanol, isopropanolamine, & mixed isopropanolamine are used as water-soluble emulsiers & neutralizers in cosmetic products at concns up to 1%.
Nitrilotrispropanol is an amine used for a variety of industrial applications including as an emulsier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate.
Nitrilotrispropanol is also used to neutralize acidic components of some herbicides.
Nitrilotrispropanol is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2NH2.
Nitrilotrispropanol is an amino alcohol.
The term isopropanolamine may also refer more generally to the additional homologs diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and Nitrilotrispropanol.
Nitrilotrispropanol is chiral.
Nitrilotrispropanol can be prepared by the addition of aqueous ammonia to propylene oxide.
In the cement and concrete industries, Nitrilotrispropanol is frequently used as a grinding aid and performance enhancer during the production of Portland cement, where it plays a critical role in reducing the energy required to grind clinker into fine particles by minimizing inter-particle agglomeration and coating the surface of the particles, which in turn improves material flow and contributes to increased mill throughput.
Furthermore, Nitrilotrispropanol contributes to the hydration process of cement, particularly by enhancing the reactivity of the alite (C₃S) and belite (C₂S) phases, leading to more complete and efficient chemical reactions with water that ultimately result in higher compressive strength of concrete at both early and later stages of curing, thus improving the structural performance and durability of finished cementitious products.
Beyond its benefits in cement manufacturing, Nitrilotrispropanol is also widely used in the formulation of industrial fluids, including metalworking fluids and cutting oils, where it serves not only to maintain the desired pH levels and prevent the formation of acidic degradation products, but also to inhibit corrosion on metal surfaces by forming protective amine-metal complexes that reduce oxidative wear and prolong the lifespan of tools and equipment.
In the realm of coatings, inks, and paints, Nitrilotrispropanol acts as a co-dispersant and stabilizer, improving pigment suspension and preventing flocculation by interacting with both pigment particles and resin systems, which results in a smoother, more uniform application, enhanced color development, and improved shelf life of waterborne formulations.
Nitrilotrispropanol’s effectiveness in cleaning products and detergents stems from its ability to neutralize fatty acids, form water-soluble salts, and maintain stable emulsions, making it particularly valuable in hard surface cleaners and degreasers where it contributes to both cleaning power and product stability in a variety of water conditions.
In addition to its industrial roles, pharmaceutical or cosmetic-grade Nitrilotrispropanol (as opposed to the 85% industrial-grade version) may be found in personal care formulations, where it functions as a pH regulator and emulsifier in lotions, shampoos, and creams, ensuring that the product maintains skin-friendly pH values and consistent texture over time without separating into oil and water phases.
Nitrilotrispropanol is typically packaged in corrosion-resistant drums, IBCs (intermediate bulk containers), or tankers, and should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizing agents and incompatible materials such as acids, as prolonged exposure to air and moisture can lead to slight discoloration or degradation due to its hygroscopic nature.
Nitrilotrispropanol is considered to have low acute and chronic toxicity, and it does not bioaccumulate significantly in the environment; Nitrilotrispropanol is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions and has been assessed by regulatory bodies such as the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a low-risk chemical when used responsibly in accordance with recommended exposure guidelines.
Market Overview of Nitrilotrispropanol:
The market for Nitrilotrispropanol can best be understood within the broader growth of the tertiary amines sector, where demand is steadily rising due to their widespread use in coatings, surfactants, water treatment chemicals, and personal care formulations.
Global tertiary amines, the category in which Nitrilotrispropanol belongs, are projected to expand at a CAGR of nearly 6% over the next decade, supported by strong industrialization, urbanization, and the need for efficient chemical intermediates.
Although specific data on Nitrilotrispropanol alone is limited, its niche applications in specialty formulations, corrosion inhibitors, and complexing agents align with the overall growth trajectory of the amines industry.
The continued emphasis on environmentally friendly and high-performance chemical ingredients is also expected to support Nitrilotrispropanol’s market relevance, particularly in regions with advancing manufacturing and regulatory frameworks such as Asia-Pacific and North America.
Uses of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Nitrilotrispropanol is an amine used for a variety of industrial applications including as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate.
Nitrilotrispropanol is also used to neutralize acidic components of some herbicides.
Nitrilotrispropanol is majorly used as a grinding chemical that reduces agglomeration in the ball milling process and changes the particle distribution of the finished cement.
Major applications include water-based coating applications and agricultural products.
Additional applications are antistat agents for polymers, corrosion inhibitor, electrodeposition/electrocoating, lubricants, paper, pigment dispersion, plastics, polyurethane additive, reaction intermediates, rubber curing, surfactants, mineral dispersion, and urethanes.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used as stabilizer, intermediate and emulsifier in industrial applications.
Nitrilotrispropanol is an amine used for a variety of industrial applications, including emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate.
Nitrilotrispropanol is also used to neutralize the acidic components of some herbicides.
One of the most prominent industrial uses of Nitrilotrispropanol is as a grinding aid and strength enhancer in the production of Portland cement, where it is added in small quantities—typically less than 0.1% by weight—to the grinding mill during the final stages of cement production to reduce particle agglomeration and coating, allowing for more efficient grinding, increased mill throughput, and improved particle distribution, which collectively lead to better cement quality and enhanced mechanical performance in concrete applications.
Beyond its physical effects on grinding, Nitrilotrispropanol also contributes to chemical hydration processes, particularly by increasing the solubility and reactivity of key mineral components in cement, such as tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, which in turn accelerates the setting and curing process and helps concrete structures develop higher early and long-term compressive strength, especially in climates or projects where curing speed and strength are critical.
Nitrilotrispropanol can act as an interfacial transition zone (ITZ) to improve the mechanical properties of the mortar and the concrete.
Nitrilotrispropanol can also be used to increase the compressive strength of the cement-fly ash system by accelerating the hydration of both the compounds.
Nitrilotrispropanol is commonly used a cement grinding additives.
Nitrilotrispropanol increases the strength of cement and other mixtures for cement.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used as antioxidants and coolant and prevent corrosion in metals.
Polyurethane industry - preliminary usage as a agent and catalyst to improve PU quality.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used as refining agent and other dye specific agent properties.
Nitrilotrispropanol is widely used in various industries, including the manufacture of cement and concrete, oil and gas drilling operations, and the production of surfactants.
As a cement grinding aid, Nitrilotrispropanol helps to improve the grinding efficiency of cement, and decreases the energy consumption needed during the grinding process.
The addition of Nitrilotrispropanol to cement formulations also enhances the strength and quality of concrete.
Nitrilotrispropanol also serves as an excellent corrosion inhibitor and stabilizing agent in oil and gas drilling operations.
Nitrilotrispropanol helps to prevent corrosion of metal equipment, reduces the need for frequent maintenance, and increases the lifespan of the equipment.
Although Nitrilotrispropanol is generally more suitable for industrial applications, high-purity or neutralized forms of Nitrilotrispropanol are used in the formulation of personal care products, including facial creams, shampoos, hair gels, and lotions, where it serves as a pH-balancing agent that helps stabilize emulsions, preventing separation of oil and water phases and ensuring that the product remains effective and visually appealing over its shelf life.
By moderating the pH of formulations to be skin-friendly, Nitrilotrispropanol helps reduce irritation and improve the comfort of cosmetic products, especially those intended for daily use, while also enhancing the performance of surfactants and active ingredients within the formulation.
In the cleaning and detergent industry, Nitrilotrispropanol is used as a chelating agent and neutralizer in formulations for industrial cleaners, degreasers, hard surface cleaners, and floor-care products, where it helps improve cleaning efficacy by softening hard water, stabilizing alkaline systems, and enhancing the solubility of greasy or oily soils.
Thanks to its ability to react with fatty acids to form water-soluble soaps, Nitrilotrispropanol also plays a role in formulating mild detergent systems that are both powerful in removing dirt and gentle on surfaces, making it a popular additive in environmentally friendly and biodegradable cleaning products.
In agricultural formulations, Nitrilotrispropanol is used as a complexing agent for micronutrients such as iron, manganese, zinc, and copper, allowing these essential nutrients to remain soluble and bioavailable in liquid fertilizers and foliar sprays, thereby enhancing the efficiency of nutrient uptake by plants and minimizing losses due to precipitation or soil fixation.
This property makes Nitrilotrispropanol particularly valuable in modern, precision agriculture, where optimized nutrient delivery is key to improving crop yields and reducing environmental impact.
In the production of dry-mix mortars, plasters, and grouts, Nitrilotrispropanol is used as a set-time regulator and rheology modifier, where it contributes to controlling the working time of the material, improving the consistency during application, and ensuring that the product retains its workability long enough to be properly placed and finished before hardening begins.
This is especially important in applications such as tile adhesives, self-leveling underlayments, and repair mortars, where the balance between open time and setting time must be carefully controlled for effective performance.
Due to its low toxicity, high water solubility, and biodegradability, Nitrilotrispropanol is often selected in formulations that must comply with stringent environmental and safety regulations, such as those outlined by in Europe or EPA in the United States, making it a preferred alternative to more hazardous substances that are subject to regulatory restrictions or phase-outs.
Nitrilotrispropanols inclusion in eco-label-compliant products also helps manufacturers meet certification standards for green chemistry and sustainable production, especially in the fields of coatings, adhesives, and cleaning agents.
Nitrilotrispropanol as refining agent, temperature agent, antistatic agent, dyeing auxiliaries be used in fiber business.
Nitrilotrispropanol as antioxidants, cutting coolant be used in in metal industry.
Nitrilotrispropanol as crosslinking agent and starting agent in polyurethane industry.
Nitrilotrispropanol as a dispersing agent for paints and pigments like titanium dioxide.
Nitrilotrispropanol is also used in the production of cutting oils.
Nitrilotrispropanol is commonly incorporated into water-based paints, inks, and coatings, where it functions as a co-dispersant, emulsifier, and pH stabilizer, helping to maintain the uniform suspension of pigments, preventing pigment flocculation or settling during storage, and ensuring that the product retains a smooth, homogeneous consistency that allows for easy application and consistent coverage across various substrates.
By neutralizing acidic groups in latex polymers and adjusting pH to optimal levels for film formation, Nitrilotrispropanol also enhances gloss, adhesion, and durability of the final coating, making it particularly useful in formulations for architectural paints, industrial coatings, and printing inks where product stability, visual appeal, and environmental compliance are key concerns.
Nitrilotrispropanol is extensively used in the construction industry as a grinding aid and performance enhancer in cement manufacturing.
Nitrilotrispropanol helps improve cement fineness, reduces energy consumption during grinding, and enhances the hydration rate and strength development of concrete.
Also functions as a set-time modifier and efflorescence control agent in dry mix applications.
In metalworking fluids, Nitrilotrispropanol serves as a corrosion inhibitor and a pH stabilizer, helping extend tool life and maintain performance.
Nitrilotrispropanol's emulsifying properties assist in forming stable mixtures of oil and water.
Nitrilotrispropanol is used as a co-dispersant and emulsifier in water-based coatings and paints.
Nitrilotrispropanol helps maintain pigment dispersion and prevents settling or separation over time.
In industrial cleaning products, Nitrilotrispropanol acts as a neutralizing agent for fatty acids and an enhancer for cleaning performance, especially in hard water conditions.
Though less common in this concentration, purified Nitrilotrispropanol is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster and emulsifying agent, especially in creams, lotions, and hair care products.
Nitrilotrispropanol can be used to stabilize micronutrient formulations in fertilizers, improving their solubility and shelf life.
Nitrilotrispropanol plays an essential role in the formulation of metalworking fluids, coolants, and lubricants, where it serves multiple functions, including acting as a buffering agent to maintain alkaline pH, a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces, and a stabilizer to prevent emulsions from breaking down, thereby ensuring that metal tools and surfaces remain protected from rust and wear during machining, cutting, and forming operations.
Nitrilotrispropanol's ability to chelate (bind with) metal ions and form passive films on ferrous and non-ferrous surfaces makes it especially valuable in high-performance lubricant systems, where both thermal stability and chemical resilience are required under demanding operating conditions.
Benefits of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Nitrilotrispropanol offers several advantages that make it valuable in industrial and commercial applications.
One of Nitrilotrispropanol's main benefits is its strong chelating ability, which allows it to bind metal ions effectively, improving stability in formulations such as water treatment agents, cleaning products, and coatings.
Nitrilotrispropanol also functions as an efficient corrosion inhibitor, protecting metals and extending the lifespan of industrial equipment and pipelines.
Another key benefit is Nitrilotrispropanol's role as a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of surfactants, resins, and specialty chemicals, providing multifunctionality in formulations.
In addition, Nitrilotrispropanol has relatively low toxicity and good biodegradability compared to some other chelating agents, making it more favorable for environmentally conscious applications.
Nitrilotrispropanol's stability, solubility in water, and compatibility with other ingredients further enhance its use in personal care, household, and industrial cleaning products.
Production of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Nitrilotrispropanol is typically produced through a condensation reaction between ammonia (NH₃) and propylene oxide (C₃H₆O) under controlled conditions. The process involves stepwise alkoxylation of ammonia:
First Reaction (Mono-substitution):
Ammonia reacts with one mole of propylene oxide to form mono-propanolamine.
NH3+C3H6O→HO–CH2–CH(CH3)–NH2
Second Reaction (Di-substitution):
The intermediate reacts with an additional mole of propylene oxide, producing diisopropanolamine.
HO–CH2–CH(CH3)–NH2+C3H6O→[HO–CH2–CH(CH3)]2–NH
Third Reaction (Tri-substitution):
A third mole of propylene oxide reacts to yield Nitrilotrispropanol (Nitrilotrispropanol).
[HO–CH2–CH(CH3)]2–NH+C3H6O→N[CH2–CH(CH3)–OH]3
Industrial Process Notes:
The reaction is carried out in the liquid phase under moderate pressure and temperature to control exothermic heat release.
Catalysts are usually not required, but process optimization involves careful adjustment of molar ratios and reaction conditions.
The crude product undergoes purification (distillation, vacuum stripping) to remove unreacted ammonia, water, and by-products.
Yield & Efficiency:
The process provides high yields (>90%), as the reaction between ammonia and epoxides is efficient.
By controlling the stoichiometry, different alkanolamines (mono-, di-, or tri-) can be selectively produced.
Synthesis of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Nitrilotrispropanol is synthesized through a stepwise alkoxylation of ammonia using propylene oxide as the alkylating agent.
General Reaction Pathway:
Starting Material:
Ammonia (NH₃) serves as the nucleophile.
Stepwise Addition of Propylene Oxide:
Ammonia reacts with one mole of propylene oxide to form mono-isopropanolamine.
A second mole of propylene oxide reacts to form diisopropanolamine (DIPA).
A third mole of propylene oxide reacts to form Nitrilotrispropanol (TIPA / NTP).
Overall Reaction:
NH3+3C3H6O→N[CH2–CH(CH3)–OH]3
Reaction Conditions:
Phase:
Liquid-phase reaction.
Temperature:
~40–100 °C.
Pressure:
Slightly elevated to control volatility of ammonia and propylene oxide.
Catalyst:
Generally not required, but reaction rate can be optimized with process engineering.
Work-Up and Purification:
Removal of unreacted ammonia and propylene oxide by stripping or distillation.
Final product (viscous liquid) is obtained at >90% yield with careful stoichiometric control.
Laboratory-Scale Example:
In a stainless steel reactor, anhydrous ammonia is introduced under cooling.
Propylene oxide is added dropwise with constant stirring to control the exothermic reaction.
The mixture is maintained at ~50–70 °C until the reaction is complete.
Excess ammonia is vented off, leaving Nitrilotrispropanol as a clear to pale-yellow viscous liquid.
History of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Nitrilotrispropanol was first developed in the mid-20th century as part of the industrial expansion in alkanolamines, a class of compounds widely applied in surfactants, lubricants, and polymer chemistry.
During the 1940s–1950s, chemical companies began large-scale synthesis of alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) for use in detergents, gas sweetening, and textile processing.
Building on these advances, researchers extended the epoxide–amine reaction methodology to propylene oxide, leading to the development of isopropanolamine derivatives, including TIPA.
By the 1960s, Nitrilotrispropanol had become commercially available, mainly produced in North America and Europe, where it was adopted in cement additives to improve grinding efficiency and strength development.
Over time, Nitrilotrispropanol's use expanded into cosmetics, coatings, metalworking fluids, and polyurethane formulations, reflecting the versatility of its tri-hydroxypropylamine structure.
In the 1980s–1990s, global demand increased as construction and personal care industries grew, and TIPA was recognized as a safer alternative in certain applications compared to other amines due to its lower volatility and relatively low toxicity.
Today, Nitrilotrispropanol is manufactured worldwide at industrial scale, regulated under chemical safety frameworks such as REACH (EU) and the US EPA, and continues to be a key building block in multiple industries.
Handling and Storage of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing; use appropriate protective gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
Provide adequate ventilation in the working area to minimize vapor or mist exposure.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the material.
Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place.
Keep away from strong oxidizing agents and acids to prevent unwanted reactions.
Protect from excessive heat and direct sunlight.
Stability and Reactivity of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
May react with strong oxidizers and strong acids, releasing heat and potentially hazardous decomposition products.
Thermal decomposition can produce nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and carbon oxides (CO, CO₂).
Avoid high temperatures and incompatible materials.
First Aid Measures of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Skin Contact:
Wash immediately with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen and seek medical help.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Firefighting Measures of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Nitrilotrispropanol is not highly flammable, but may burn if exposed to fire.
Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Fire may produce toxic gases such as NOₓ and CO₂/CO.
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear.
Accidental Release Measures of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Contain spill and absorb with inert material (sand, earth, vermiculite).
Avoid discharge into drains, surface water, or soil.
Wear protective equipment during cleanup.
Collect in suitable container for disposal according to local regulations.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Engineering controls:
Ensure good ventilation, preferably local exhaust in enclosed areas.
Respiratory protection:
Use NIOSH-approved respirators if exposure limits are exceeded.
Eye protection:
Safety goggles or face shield.
Skin protection:
Chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile) and protective clothing.
Hygiene measures:
Wash thoroughly after handling; remove contaminated clothing before reuse.
Identifiers of Nitrilotrispropanol:
IUPAC Name: 2,2′,2″-Nitrilotri(ethanol)
Common Name: Nitrilotrispropanol
Molecular Formula: C₉H₂₁NO₃
Molecular Weight: 191.27 g/mol
CAS Number: 122-20-3
EC Number (EINECS): 204-528-4
UN Number: Not classified as hazardous for transport
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H21NO3/c11-7-1-4-10(5-2-8-12)6-3-9-13/h11-13H,1-9H2
InChI Key: PTDQPAVSLSBPGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(CN(CCO)CCO)CO
PubChem CID: 31256
ChemSpider ID: 28946
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:85186
RTECS Number: TR6475000
HS Code (Harmonized System): 29221990 (Amines – other, for TIPA)
UNII (FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier): 3KBP4162KJ
GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous in many jurisdictions, but may cause irritation on prolonged contact.
Merck Index Number: 14th Edition – 6612
Beilstein Registry Number: 1079388
BRN (Beilstein Reference Number): 1733617
Properties of Nitrilotrispropanol:
Melting point: 48–52°C (lit.)
Boiling point: 190°C / 23mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.0
Vapor pressure: 1hPa (100°C)
Refractive index: 1.4200 (estimate)
Flash point: 160°C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C
Form: Crystalline Low Melting Solid
pKa: 14.37 ± 0.20 (Predicted)
Color: White to slightly yellow
pH: 10.8 (100g/l, H₂O, 20°C)
Explosive limit: 0.8–5.8% (V)
Water solubility: Soluble
Freezing point: 52°C
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1071570
LogP: -0.015 at 23°C
Molecular Formula: C₉H₂₁NO₃
Molar Mass: 191.27 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid
Odor: Slight, amine-like odor
Density: ~1.14 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Melting Point: ~−2 to −5 °C
Boiling Point: ~360 °C at 760 mmHg (decomposes before boiling completely)
Flash Point: ~190 °C (closed cup)
Refractive Index (nD20): ~1.49
Viscosity: High viscosity liquid, ~450–500 mPa·s at 25 °C
pKa (of hydroxyl groups): ~8.5–9.5 (weakly basic)
pH (10% aqueous solution): ~10.5–11.5
Water Solubility: Fully miscible with water
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol), glycols; limited solubility in hydrocarbons
Stability: Hygroscopic, stable under normal conditions; may slowly degrade when exposed to air and light.
Vapor Pressure: Very low (<0.01 mmHg at 20 °C)
Partition Coefficient (Log P): ~−0.8 (hydrophilic)
Autoignition Temperature: ~400 °C
Corrosivity: Mildly corrosive to metals (copper, brass, aluminum) in humid conditions.
State at 20 °C: Liquid (viscous, hygroscopic)
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor Threshold: Weak, ammonia-like, >1 ppm
Relative Density (g/cm³): 1.13–1.15
Molecular Volume: ~168 cm³/mol
Dynamic Viscosity: ~450–500 mPa·s at 25 °C
Surface Tension: ~45–50 mN/m at 20 °C
Thermal Conductivity: ~0.25 W/m·K at 25 °C
Molecular Formula: C₉H₂₁NO₃
Molecular Weight: 191.27 g/mol
Basicity (pKa): ~9.0 (weak base due to hydroxyl groups)
Hydroxyl Value: ~880–890 mg KOH/g
Boiling Point: ~360 °C (may decompose before full distillation)
Melting/Freezing Point: ~−2 °C
Flash Point: ~190 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: ~400 °C
Decomposition Temperature: >200 °C (releases CO, CO₂, NOx under fire)
Vapor Pressure: <0.01 mmHg at 20 °C (very low volatility)
