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CAS Number: 25154-52-3
EC : 246-672-0
IUPAC name: 4-(2,4-dimethylheptan-3-yl)phenol
DESCRIPTION:
Nonyl phenol 30 is a family of closely related organic compounds composed of phenol bearing a 9 carbon-tail.
Nonyl phenols can come in numerous structures, all of which may be considered alkylphenols.
Nonyl phenol 30 is used in manufacturing antioxidants, lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents, emulsifiers, and solubilizers.
Nonyl phenol 30 is used extensively in epoxy formulation in North America but its use has been phased out in Europe.
Nonyl phenol 30 is also precursors to the commercially important non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol ethoxylates, which are used in detergents, paints, pesticides, personal care products, and plastics.
Nonyl phenol has attracted attention due to its prevalence in the environment and its potential role as an endocrine disruptor and xenoestrogen, due to its ability to act with estrogen-like activity.
The estrogenicity and biodegradation heavily depends on the branching of the nonyl sidechain.
Nonyl phenol has been found to act as an agonist of the GPER (GPR30).
Properties of Nonyl phenol 30:
Chemical formula: C15H24O
Molar mass: 220.35 g/mol
Appearance: Light yellow viscous liquid with phenolic smell
Density : 0.953
Melting point: −8 to 2 °C (18 to 36 °F; 265 to 275 K)
Boiling point: 293 to 297 °C (559 to 567 °F; 566 to 570 K)
Solubility in water: 6 mg/L (pH 7)
State: Clear liquid
Active content %: 70.00
Nature: Non-Ionic
HLB: 17.1
Appearance: Waxy flakes @25°C
Moisture (%): 0.2
pH (1%aq.): 6 - 7.5
Hydroxyl Value mgKOH/g: 34.5-38.5
1%in 10% NaCl: 76 - 80
Colour (APHA): 50max
Surface tension mM/m,0.1%: 42.8
Pour Point°C: 40
CAS Number: 25154-52-3
EC : 246-672-0
IUPAC name: 4-(2,4-dimethylheptan-3-yl)phenol
Structure and basic properties of Nonyl phenol 30:
Nonylphenols fall into the general chemical category of alkylphenols.
The structure of NPs may vary.
The nonyl group can be attached to the phenol ring at various locations, usually the 4- and, to lesser extent, the 2-positions, and can be either branched or linear.
A branched nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, is the most widely produced and marketed nonylphenol.
The mixture of nonylphenol isomers is a pale yellow liquid, although the pure compounds are colorless.
The Nonyl phenol 30 is moderately soluble in water but soluble in alcohol.
Nonyl phenol 30 arises from the environmental degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates, which are the metabolites of commercial detergents called alkylphenol ethoxylates.
NPEs are a clear to light orange color liquid.
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic in water, which means that they have no charge.
Because of this property they are used as detergents, cleaners, emulsifiers, and a variety of other applications.
Nonyl phenol 30 is amphipathic, meaning Nonyl phenol 30 has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, which allows Nonyl phenol 30 to surround non-polar substances like oil and grease, isolating them from water.
Production of Nonyl phenol 30:
Nonyl phenol 30 can be produced industrially, naturally, and by the environmental degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates.
Industrially, Nonyl phenol 30 is produced by the acid-catalyzed alkylation of phenol with a mixture of nonenes.
This synthesis leads to a very complex mixture with diverse nonylphenols.
Theoretically there are 211 constitutional isomers and this number rise to 550 isomers if we take the enantiomers into account.
To make NPEs, manufacturers treat NP with ethylene oxide under basic conditions.
Since its discovery in 1940, Nonyl phenol 30 production has increased exponentially, and between 100 and 500 million pounds of nonylphenol are produced globally every year, meeting the definition of High Production Volume Chemicals.
Nonyl phenol 30 is also produced naturally in the environment.
One organism, the velvet worm, produces Nonyl phenol 30 as a component of its defensive slime.
The nonylphenol coats the ejection channel of the slime, stopping it from sticking to the organism when it is secreted.
Nonyl phenol 30 also prolongs the drying process long enough for the slime to reach its target.
Another surfactant called nonoxynol, which was once used as intravaginal spermicide and condom lubricant, was found to metabolize into free nonylphenol when administered to lab animals.
CAS Number: 25154-52-3
EC : 246-672-0
IUPAC name: 4-(2,4-dimethylheptan-3-yl)phenol
Applications of Nonyl phenol 30:
Nonyl phenol 30 is used in manufacturing antioxidants, lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents, emulsifiers, and solubilizers.
Nonyl phenol 30 can also be used to produce tris(4-nonyl-phenyl) phosphite (TNPP), which is an antioxidant used to protect polymers, such as rubber, Vinyl polymers, polyolefins, and polystyrenics in addition to being a stabilizer in plastic food packaging.
Barium and calcium salts of nonylphenol are also used as heat stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Nonyl phenol 30 is also often used an intermediate in the manufacture of the non-ionic surfactants nonylphenol ethoxylates, which are used in detergents, paints, pesticides, personal care products, and plastics.
Nonyl phenol 30 and nonylphenol ethoxylates are only used as components of household detergents outside of Europe.
Nonyl phenol 30, is used in many epoxy formulations mainly in North America.
Nonyl phenol 30 is used as a wetting agent and emulsifier for production and refining
Prevalence in the environment:
Nonyl phenol 30 persists in aquatic environments and is moderately bioaccumulative.
Nonyl phenol 30 is not readily biodegradable, and it can take months or longer to degrade in surface waters, soils, and sediments.
Nonbiological degradation is negligible.
Nonyl phenol 30 is partially removed during municipal wastewater treatment due to sorption to suspended solids and biotransformation.
Many products that contain nonylphenol have "down-the-drain" applications, such as laundry and dish soap, so the contaminants are frequently introduced into the water supply.
In sewage treatment plants, nonylphenol ethoxylate degrades into nonylphenol, which is found in river water and sediments as well as soil and groundwater.
Nonyl phenol 30 photodegrades in sunlight, but its half-life in sediment is estimated to be more than 60 years.
Although the concentration of Nonyl phenol 30 in the environment is decreasing, Nonyl phenol 30 is still found at concentrations of 4.1 μg/L in river waters and 1 mg/kg in sediments.
A major concern is that contaminated sewage sludge is frequently recycled onto agricultural land. The degradation of Nonyl phenol 30 in soil depends on oxygen availability and other components in the soil.
Mobility of Nonyl phenol 30 in soil is low.
Bioaccumulation is significant in water-dwelling organisms and birds, and Nonyl phenol 30 has been found in internal organs of certain animals at concentrations of 10 to 1,000 times greater than the surrounding environment.
Due to this bioaccumulation and persistence of nonylphenol, it has been suggested that Nonyl phenol 30 could be transported over long distances and have a global reach that stretches far from the site of contamination.
Nonyl phenol 30 is not persistent in air, as it is rapidly degraded by hydroxyl radicals
CAS Number: 25154-52-3
EC : 246-672-0
IUPAC name: 4-(2,4-dimethylheptan-3-yl)phenol
Regulation about Nonyl phenol 30:
The production and use of Nonyl phenol 30 and nonylphenol ethoxylates is prohibited in the European Union due to its effects on health and the environment.
In Europe, due to environmental concerns, they also have been replaced by more expensive alcohol ethoxylates, which are less problematic for the environment due to their ability to degrade more quickly than nonylphenols.
The European Union has also included NP on the list of priority hazardous substances for surface water in the Water Framework Directive.
They are now implementing a drastic reduction policy of NP's in surface waterways.
The Environmental quality standard for NP was proposed to be 0.3 ug/l.
In 2013 Nonyl phenol 30 was registered on the REACH candidate list.
In the US, the EPA set criteria which recommends that Nonyl phenol 30 concentration should not exceed 6.6 ug/l in fresh water and 1.7 ug/l in saltwater.
In order to do so, the EPA is supporting and encouraging a voluntary phase-out of Nonyl phenol 30 in industrial laundry detergents.
Similarly, the EPA is documenting proposals for a "significant new use" rule, which would require companies to contact the EPA if they decided to add nonylphenol to any new cleaning and detergent products.
They also plan to do more risk assessments to ascertain the effects of Nonyl phenol 30 on human health and the environment.
It was suggested that nonylphenol could be added to the list of chemicals on the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, but this has yet to occur as of 2014.
In other Asian and South American countries nonylphenol is still widely available in commercial detergents, and there is little regulation
Applications of Nonyl phenol 30:
Sector: Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
Function:Intermediate
Product: Nonylphenol ethoxylate, -surfactant
Sector: Manufacture of plastics in primary forms
Function:Intermediate (monomer)
Product: Phenol/formaldehyde resins
Sector: Manufacture of plastics in primary forms
Function:Intermediate
Product: Tri (4-nonylphenyl) phosphite (TNPP )- antioxidant
Sector: Manufacture of plastics in primary forms
Function:Curing catalyst
Product : Epoxy resins
Sector: Manufacture of basic metals
Product: Phenolic oximes - extraction reagent
Sector : Manufacture of plastics in primary forms
Function : Heat stabiiser ( as barium, calcium salts)
Product : PVC
SAFETY INFORMAATION ABOUT NONYL PHENOL 30:
SAFETY HAZARDS
Explosivity: Not expected to be explosive based on its structure
Flammability: conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Indicative flash-point 141-155°C
Oxidizing :Not expected to be oxidiser, based on its structure
Isolation and Evacuation
IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Firefighting:
Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water may be ineffective on fire.
Fire Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemicals, foam, carbon dioxide
Non-Fire Response:
SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.
Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator.
Protective Clothing:
Gloves and safety glasses
First Aid:
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.
Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
CAS Number: 25154-52-3
EC : 246-672-0
IUPAC name: 4-(2,4-dimethylheptan-3-yl)phenol
