OCTOCRYLENE NITRILE

Octocrylene nitrile is an organic UV filter belonging to the cinnamate derivatives, used primarily in sunscreens and cosmetic formulations for its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Octocrylene nitrile is highly photostable and is often combined with other UV filters such as avobenzone to enhance the overall efficacy and durability of sunscreen formulations.
Octocrylene nitrile also functions as a UV stabilizer in plastics, polymers, and coatings, preventing yellowing, brittleness, and degradation under sunlight.

CAS Number: 5232-99-5
EC Number: 226-070-4
Molecular Formula: C24H23NO2
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol

Synonyms: Etocrylene, Etocrilene, Ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-, ethyl ester, Ethyl (diphenylmethylene) cyanoacetate, a-Cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylic acid ethyl ester, Ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, Ethyl α-cyano-β-phenylcinnamate, NSC-52678, CE 2, Uvinul N 35, UV Absorber-2, Viosorb 910, UV-3035, Etocrylene, Ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, COSING ref 33901, Ethyl cyano diphenyl acrylate 

Octocrylene nitrile is an organic UV filter belonging to the family of cinnamate derivatives, used primarily in sunscreens and cosmetic formulations for its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Octocrylene nitrile is an oil-soluble compound that appears as a clear to pale yellow liquid.
Octocrylene nitrile has strong absorbance in the UVB region (280–320 nm), which helps prevent sunburn and protects skin from harmful UV-induced damage.

Octocrylene nitrile is recognized for its photostability and is often combined with other UV filters (such as avobenzone or octocrylene) to enhance overall sunscreen efficacy.
Beyond cosmetics, Octocrylene nitrile can also function as a stabilizer in plastics and polymers, preventing degradation by UV light.

Due to its safety profile and effectiveness, Octocrylene nitrile is regulated for use in personal-care products in several regions, though its permitted concentrations vary by jurisdiction.
Octocrylene nitrile is a synthetic organic UV filter (ethyl ester of 2‑cyano‑3,3‑diphenylacrylic acid) used mainly in sunscreen and cosmetic formulations to protect against UVB and short-wave UVA radiation.

Octocrylene nitrile absorbs UV light and dissipates the energy as heat via photoisomerization, providing photostable sun protection and helping stabilize other UV filters like avobenzone.
Octocrylene nitrile generally appears as an off-white to pale yellow powder or viscous liquid, depending on formulation grade.

Octocrylene nitrile is an organic compound primarily used as a UVB filter in sunscreens.
Octocrylene nitrile is known for its ability to absorb ultraviolet rays between 280–320 nm.

Octocrylene nitrile acts as a photostabilizer for more sensitive UV filters such as avobenzone.
Octocrylene nitrile has good solubility in oil-based cosmetic formulations.
Octocrylene nitrile contributes to water resistance in sun protection products.

Octocrylene nitrile is typically used in concentrations up to 3% in personal care products.
Octocrylene nitrile enhances the efficacy and shelf-life of sunscreens.

Octocrylene nitrile is suitable for use in a wide pH range, making it versatile in formulation.
Octocrylene nitrile is considered a mild and non-irritating UV filter when used within limits.

Octocrylene nitrile is commonly found in both mass-market and premium skin care brands for sun protection.Octocrylene nitrile functions as a UV-absorbing ester with conjugated phenyl acrylate structure that efficiently blocks UVB and some short UVA wavelengths (max around ~300–320 nm).

Octocrylene nitrile is photostable, resisting degradation under sunlight exposure, which enhances the overall durability of sunscreen formulations.
Octocrylene nitrile is lipophilic and oil‑soluble, practically insoluble in water, contributing to water resistance in sunscreen products.

Octocrylene nitrile is an organic sunscreen agent and UV filter belonging to the class of cinnamate derivatives, widely used in cosmetic and personal care formulations for its ability to absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Chemically, Octocrylene nitrile is structurally related to other ester-based UV filters such as octocrylene.
Octocrylene nitrile appears as a clear to pale yellow oily liquid with excellent solubility in cosmetic oils, esters, and other lipophilic ingredients.

Functionally, Octocrylene nitrile is designed to absorb UVB radiation (wavelength range 280–320 nm) and partially UVA-II radiation, thereby reducing the penetration of these rays into the skin.
This prevents sunburn, erythema, photoaging, and DNA damage induced by UV exposure.

Compared to older UV filters, Octocrylene nitrile exhibits relatively high photostability, meaning it does not readily degrade under sunlight.
This property makes Octocrylene nitrile especially valuable when combined with less stable UV filters, as it helps stabilize and extend the protection profile of formulations.

Octocrylene nitrile is widely incorporated into sunscreens, day creams, makeup products with SPF, and hair care formulations designed to prevent photodamage.
In addition to cosmetic applications, Octocrylene nitrile is also used as a UV stabilizer in plastics, polymers, and coatings, where it prevents yellowing, brittleness, and structural degradation caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight.

From a regulatory perspective, Octocrylene nitrile is approved for use as a UV filter in certain regions, but concentration limits vary depending on local cosmetic safety regulations.
Octocrylene nitrile's inclusion levels in formulations are carefully controlled to balance efficacy with safety.

In summary, Octocrylene nitrile is a versatile, photostable UV filter that enhances the protective spectrum of sunscreens and prevents material degradation in industrial applications.
Octocrylene nitrile's dual role in personal care products and polymer stabilization makes it a commercially significant compound in both the cosmetic and chemical industries.

Market Overview of Octocrylene Nitrile:
Octocrylene nitrile occupies a niche but important position in the global sunscreen and cosmetic UV filter market.
As consumer awareness of skin health, photoaging, and UV-induced skin cancers continues to rise, the demand for effective and photostable UV filters has steadily increased.
Octocrylene nitrile, due to its strong UVB absorption capacity (280–320 nm) and good photostability, is often used in combination with other filters to create broad-spectrum formulations in sunscreens, daily moisturizers, foundations with SPF, and hair-care products.

The global sunscreen ingredient market is expanding, driven by lifestyle changes, rising UV exposure awareness, and growth in emerging markets such as Asia-Pacific and Latin America, where sun protection products are increasingly incorporated into daily routines.
Octocrylene nitrile, though less common than filters like Octocrylene or Avobenzone, serves as an effective stabilizer and enhancer in formulations that target premium skincare and cosmetics.

Beyond cosmetics, Octocrylene nitrile also finds applications as a UV stabilizer in plastics, coatings, and polymers, where it protects materials from photodegradation, discoloration, and brittleness.
This dual-use potential broadens Octocrylene nitrile's commercial importance, particularly in industrial coatings, packaging, and automotive applications where long-term stability under sunlight exposure is critical.

The regulatory environment shapes the market outlook: approval and maximum concentration limits differ by region, with stricter frameworks in the EU and US compared to some Asian and South American countries.
While Octocrylene nitrile remains approved and widely used, increasing global attention to environmental impact (especially marine ecosystems and coral reefs) and consumer demand for eco-friendly, reef-safe UV filters may influence its long-term market trajectory.

Overall, Octocrylene nitrile is positioned as a supporting but valuable UV filter, balancing efficacy, stability, and cost-effectiveness, making it relevant in both the cosmetic/personal care industry and industrial UV stabilization markets.

Uses of Octocrylene Nitrile:
Octocrylene nitrile is used in sunscreen formulations as a UVB absorber.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in sun care products to enhance photostability of other UV filters.

Octocrylene nitrile is applied in broad-spectrum sunscreen creams for increased efficacy.
Octocrylene nitrile is incorporated into waterproof sunscreen lotions due to its oil-soluble nature.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in spray sunscreens for lightweight UV protection.
Octocrylene nitrile is included in baby sunscreens for mild and effective sun defense.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in daily moisturizers with SPF for added UVB protection.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in BB creams and tinted moisturizers for cosmetic UV protection.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in makeup foundations with sun-blocking properties.
Octocrylene nitrile is incorporated into lip balms with SPF for UV shielding.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in hair sprays to protect hair from sun damage.

Octocrylene nitrile is added to face primers with sun protection claims.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in men's grooming products such as aftershaves with SPF.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in body lotions designed for beachwear with UV protection.
Octocrylene nitrile is applied in facial mists with sun-blocking ingredients.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in pre-sun exposure skin preparations for enhanced protection.
Octocrylene nitrile is included in tanning oils with sun filters.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in facial sheet masks offering UV barrier support.

Octocrylene nitrile is applied in day creams to maintain photostability in active ingredients.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in anti-aging creams for protecting skin from photoaging.

Octocrylene nitrile is added to kids’ sun lotions for safe UV coverage.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in combination with avobenzone to stabilize its performance.

Octocrylene nitrile is incorporated into SPF-rated serums for everyday skincare.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in high-SPF sport sunscreens for prolonged protection.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in eye creams to defend delicate skin against UV rays.

Octocrylene nitrile is applied in sunscreens with antioxidant blends.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in facial cleansers for daily UV-preventive routines.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in UV-protective body sprays.
Octocrylene nitrile is included in foundation powders with SPF protection.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in scalp protection sprays for sun-exposed areas.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in travel-size sunscreen sticks for on-the-go use.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in natural-based sunscreens for enhancing UV defense.

Octocrylene nitrile is added to skincare emulsions that aim to fight sun-induced pigmentation.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in UV-protective hand creams.

Octocrylene nitrile is incorporated in protective creams for outdoor workers.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in sunscreens for tattoo protection.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in formulas targeting prevention of sun-induced skin discoloration.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in dermatological formulations for UV-sensitive skin.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in beach body oils for tanning with protection.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in facial toners with SPF enhancement.
Octocrylene nitrile is added to children’s facial sunscreens for outdoor play.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in cosmetics marketed for mountain and snow conditions.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in face and body gels with rapid absorption and UV protection.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in SPF lipsticks and lip glosses.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in hand sanitizers with UV protection.
Octocrylene nitrile is included in foundations targeting hyperpigmentation prevention.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in facial oils with sun care features.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in UV-protective creams for post-chemical peel recovery.

Octocrylene nitrile is included in mineral sunscreens to support other filters.
Octocrylene nitrile is used in sunscreens formulated for water sports athletes.

Octocrylene nitrile is used in sunscreen lotions, creams, sprays, and hair‑care products to provide UVB/UVA protection and improve SPF stability.
Octocrylene nitrile is commonly combined with photounstable filters like avobenzone, acting as a photostabilizer to extend their UV protection efficacy.
Octocrylene nitrile is found in nail polish and hair-care formulations to prevent UV-initiated discoloration or degradation of pigments and materials.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:
Octocrylene nitrile is widely applied as a UVB filter in sunscreens, day creams, lotions, and make-up products with SPF.
Octocrylene nitrile protects skin from sunburn, erythema, premature aging, and DNA damage caused by UV radiation.

Octocrylene nitrile is incorporated into hair care products (shampoos, sprays, conditioners) to prevent photodamage, color fading, and structural weakening of hair fibers.
Octocrylene nitrile is often combined with other UV filters (e.g., Avobenzone, Octocrylene) to enhance photostability and broaden the UV absorption spectrum.

Industrial Applications:
Octocrylene nitrile is used as a UV stabilizer in plastics, coatings, adhesives, and polymers, where it prevents yellowing, brittleness, and loss of mechanical strength from prolonged sunlight exposure.
Octocrylene nitrile is applied in automotive coatings and packaging materials to extend product durability under UV radiation.
Octocrylene nitrile functions as a protective additive in industrial formulations where long-term stability against light degradation is required.

Specialty Applications:
Octocrylene nitrile is utilized in combination with other stabilizers in cosmetic formulations, ensuring long shelf life and resistance to UV-induced breakdown.
Octocrylene nitrile serves as a supporting ingredient in premium skincare products targeting consumers who demand photo-protection with minimal product degradation under sunlight.

Benefits of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Cosmetic and Personal Care Benefits:
Octocrylene nitrile provides effective UVB absorption, helping to prevent sunburn, erythema, and DNA damage.
Octocrylene nitrile enhances photostability of formulations by protecting less stable UV filters (e.g., Avobenzone) from degradation.

Octocrylene nitrile contributes to anti-aging effects by reducing photo-induced skin damage such as wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and loss of elasticity.
Octocrylene nitrile protects hair fibers and scalp against UV-induced structural weakening, dryness, and color fading.

Formulation and Technical Benefits:
Octocrylene nitrile improves formulation stability and shelf life by resisting breakdown under UV exposure.
Octocrylene nitrile allows formulators to achieve broad-spectrum sun protection when used in combination with UVA filters.

Octocrylene nitrile provides oil solubility, which makes it easy to incorporate into emulsions, creams, and sprays.
Octocrylene nitrile reduces formulation discoloration and maintains product aesthetics under sunlight.

Industrial Benefits:
Octocrylene nitrile prevents yellowing, brittleness, and loss of strength in plastics, coatings, and polymers.
Octocrylene nitrile extends the service life of automotive finishes, packaging, and outdoor materials exposed to sunlight.
Octocrylene nitrile serves as a cost-effective UV stabilizer in combination with other additives for industrial use.

Production of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Industrial Synthesis:
Octocrylene nitrile is synthesized through the esterification of 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid with 2-ethylhexanol (octanol derivative) in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Octocrylene nitrile results from a condensation reaction where fumaric or cinnamic acid analogs are functionalized with a cyano group and then esterified to produce the oil-soluble UV filter.
Octocrylene nitrile is manufactured under controlled conditions to ensure high purity, since impurities may affect photostability and cosmetic safety.

Raw Materials:
Octocrylene nitrile production uses key inputs such as benzaldehyde derivatives, cyanoacetic acid, and 2-ethylhexanol.
Octocrylene nitrile synthesis requires suitable solvents and acid catalysts (commonly sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid) to promote efficient esterification.
Octocrylene nitrile manufacturing incorporates purification steps including distillation and recrystallization to remove residual solvents and unreacted materials.

Industrial Scale:
Octocrylene nitrile is produced mainly by specialty chemical manufacturers supplying the cosmetics and polymer industries.
Octocrylene nitrile is typically supplied in bulk as an oil-soluble liquid UV filter for direct incorporation into formulations.
Octocrylene nitrile production facilities maintain strict quality control and safety standards due to the sensitivity of UV filters to degradation and the regulatory limits on impurities.

Synthesis of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Formation of the Cyanoacrylic Intermediate:
Octocrylene nitrile synthesis begins with a Knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde derivatives and cyanoacetic acid, producing 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid as the key intermediate.
Octocrylene nitrile pathway requires a basic catalyst such as piperidine or ammonium salts to promote condensation.
Octocrylene nitrile intermediate is obtained as a crystalline solid after purification.

Esterification Reaction:
Octocrylene nitrile is synthesized by esterifying 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid with 2-ethylhexanol (C₈ alcohol).
Octocrylene nitrile esterification uses an acid catalyst (e.g., sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, or strong mineral acids) under reflux conditions.
Octocrylene nitrile reaction proceeds with removal of water (Dean-Stark apparatus or azeotropic distillation) to drive the esterification equilibrium.

Purification:
Octocrylene nitrile product is purified by distillation under reduced pressure to eliminate residual alcohol and by-products.
Octocrylene nitrile final material is stabilized with antioxidants to prevent early photodegradation during storage.
Octocrylene nitrile yields typically reach high efficiency (70–85%) depending on reaction conditions and purity of precursors.

Industrial Finishing:
Octocrylene nitrile is formulated into liquid concentrates for cosmetic manufacturers and polymer producers.
Octocrylene nitrile production batches undergo quality control checks, including UV absorbance spectrum analysis, purity testing, and stability assays.

History of Octocrylene Nitrile:
Octocrylene nitrile was developed in the late 20th century as part of a new generation of organic UV filters designed to improve upon the stability and solubility issues of earlier sunscreen agents.
Octocrylene nitrile emerged from research on cinnamate derivatives and cyanoacrylates, where chemists introduced a cyano group and bulky aromatic substituents to enhance UV absorption and photostability.

Octocrylene nitrile was introduced to the cosmetic industry in the 1980s–1990s, initially as a UVB filter with additional stabilizing properties for other sunscreen ingredients.
Octocrylene nitrile gained adoption in premium skincare and haircare products, especially in Europe and Asia, where daily photoprotection routines became more common.

Octocrylene nitrile later found use in the plastics and coatings industries as a UV stabilizer, preventing polymer degradation and extending product lifespan.
Octocrylene nitrile continues to be evaluated under modern cosmetic regulations (EU, FDA, ASEAN, etc.) for safety, environmental impact, and efficacy, ensuring its controlled use in consumer products.

Handling and Storage of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Handling:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Do not breathe vapors or mists. 

Use only in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust ventilation.
Wear appropriate protective equipment (gloves, goggles, lab coat).
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Storage:
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place.
Protect from heat, direct sunlight, and sources of ignition.
Keep away from strong oxidizing agents and acids.

Stability and Reactivity of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Stability:
Octocrylene nitrile is stable under normal temperature and pressure conditions.

Reactivity:
Octocrylene nitrile may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkali metals.
Thermal decomposition or combustion can produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and irritating organic vapors.

First Aid Measures of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Skin Contact:
Wash immediately with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Get medical advice if irritation develops.

Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally.
Remove contact lenses if present.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Give plenty of water to drink and seek medical attention immediately.

Firefighting Measures of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Extinguishing Media:
Use carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical powder, or water spray.

Hazards:
Burning may release toxic fumes such as CO and CO₂.

Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.

Accidental Release Measures of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Personal Precautions:
Wear protective gloves, goggles, and suitable clothing.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Avoid inhalation of vapors.

Spill Cleanup:
Absorb with inert material (sand, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite).
Place in a suitable container for disposal.

Wash spill area with water after cleanup.
Prevent entry into drains and waterways.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of Octocrylene Nitrile:

Engineering Controls:
Provide local exhaust or general ventilation to keep airborne levels low.

Personal Protection:

Respiratory:
Use an approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded.

Skin:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene).

Eyes:
Use safety goggles or face shield.

Body:
Wear protective clothing (lab coat, apron).

Hygiene Measures:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke when handling Octocrylene nitrile.
Wash hands and face thoroughly after use.

Identifiers of Octocrylene Nitrile:
CAS Number: 5232-99-5
EC Number (EINECS): 226-070-4
PubChem CID: 92947
UNII (FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier): Q94UVK43F2
ChemSpider ID: 83856
Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-2-propenoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester

CAS Number: 5232-99-5
EC Number (EINECS): 226-070-4
PubChem CID: 92947
ChemSpider ID: 83856
UNII (FDA): Q94UVK43F2
Beilstein Registry Number: 1898359
MDL Number: MFCD00022441
RTECS Number: Not established (cosmetic-use chemical, limited toxicology data)
InChI: InChI=1S/C24H23NO2/c1-3-5-10-18(6-4-2)17-27-23(26)21(16-25)22(19-11-7-13-20-12-8-14-24(19,20)9-15)19-11-7-13-20-12-8-14-24/h7-16,18H,3-6,17H2,1-2H3
InChI Key: RRNBIHJCKGDXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCC(CC)OC(=O)C(=C(C#N)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21)C3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C34

Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 357.1729 g/mol
Exact Mass: 357.1733 g/mol

Properties of Octocrylene Nitrile:
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow oily liquid
Odor: Practically odorless or faint characteristic odor
Physical State: Liquid (oil-soluble organic ester)
Taste: Not applicable (cosmetic/industrial use only)

Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
Structure: Aromatic ester containing cyano and diphenyl groups, enhancing UV absorbance and photostability

Density: ~1.15 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Refractive Index: ~1.61 at 20 °C
Boiling Point: > 200 °C (decomposes)
Melting Point: Not well-defined; remains liquid at room temperature
Flash Point: > 100 °C (closed cup)
Viscosity: Moderate, oil-like at ambient temperature
Solubility in Water: Practically insoluble (< 0.01 g/L)
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Freely soluble in oils, esters, alcohols, and cosmetic emollients
Partition Coefficient (log P): ~6.0 (lipophilic)
Vapor Pressure: Very low at 25 °C (negligible volatility)

Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₅NO₂ 
Molecular Weight: ~281.3g/mol 
Appearance: Off‑white crystalline powder or pale yellow viscous liquid 
Odor: Mild or nearly odorless 
Solubility: Insoluble in water (~4mg/L at 20°C); soluble in oils and organic solvents 
UV Absorption Range: ~290–320 nm (UVB/short-wave UVA) 
Photostability: Highly photostable; does not degrade significantly under UV exposure 
Log P: High (lipophilic), supportive of water resistance in formulations 
Stability: Chemically stable under ambient conditions; inert in typical cosmetic matrices
Storage Conditions: Store in sealed containers below 30 °C, protected from light and moisture

Appearance: Clear to pale yellow oily liquid
Odor: Faint, characteristic
State: Oil-soluble organic ester (non-crystalline, liquid at room temperature)

Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 357.1729 g/mol
Exact Mass: 357.1733 g/mol
Chemical Class: Cinnamate derivative (cyano-substituted ester)
Functional Category: UV filter (UVB absorber), photostabilizer

Density: 1.14–1.16 g/cm³ at 20–25 °C
Refractive Index (nD20): 1.609–1.614
Boiling Point: ~215–220 °C at reduced pressure (decomposes before atmospheric boiling)
Melting Point: Liquid at room temperature (no sharp melting point)
Flash Point: ~ >100 °C (closed cup)
Viscosity: 600–800 mPa·s at 25 °C
Vapor Pressure: <1 × 10⁻⁶ hPa at 25 °C (very low volatility)
Surface Tension: ~36–40 mN/m (typical for ester-type liquids)