PRODUCTS

ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS

Orthosiphon stamineus is used in Southeast Asia for treating kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and hypertension
Orthosiphon stamineus is incorporated into dietary supplements, teas, and topical formulations for its health benefits
Orthosiphon stamineus is widely used as a diuretic and to combat rheumatism, abdominal pain, kidney and bladder inflammation or infection (nephritis, cystitis), oedema, gout and hypertension.

Scientific Name: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., also accepted as Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.
Common Names: Cat’s whiskers, Java tea, Kidney tea plant, Misai Kucing (Malay), Kumis Kucing

SYNONYMS:
Orthosiphon aristatus, Ocimum aristatum, Orthosiphon spiralis, Clerodendrum spicatum, Orthosiphon spicatus, Clerodendranthus spicatus, Orthosiphon tagawae, Clerodendranthus stamineus, Cat's Whiskers, Java Tea, Kidney Tea, Misai Kucing, Kumis Kucing, Yaa Nuat Maeo, Arjak, Moustaches de Chat, Clerodendranthus spicatus, Misai kucing, kumis kucing, java tea, remujung

Orthosiphon stamineus, commonly known as cat's whiskers or Java tea, is a plant species in the family Lamiaceae (also known Labiatae).
Orthosiphon stamineus is a medicinal herb found mainly throughout southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, South East Asia, and tropical Queensland, Australia.

The Malay name Kumis kutjing (or in the Netherlands: Koemis koetjing) means "cat's whiskers."
The name "cat's whiskers" for Orthosiphon stamineus comes from the plant's striking flower shape, which resembles a cat's whiskers.
The flower clusters of Orthosiphon stamineus consist of long, tubular flowers that extend like whiskers, hence the common name "cat's whiskers."

This name of Orthosiphon stamineus is primarily used in the Netherlands and Belgium, and it is an informal term often used to easily identify and remember the herb.
Orthosiphon stamineus, is also known as Kumis Kutjing and Cat Whisker.

A tea made from the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus helps to maintain normal kidney function as well as being a remedy for kidney stones and urinary tract infection.
Orthosiphon stamineus is native to SE Asia and Northern Australia and prefers well drained soils in an open, sunny position.

Orthosiphon stamineus has beautiful white flowers form spring to summer.
Orthosiphon stamineus is drought resistant but frost tender.
Orthosiphon stamineus is a perennial plant growing to 1m x 1m.

Orthosiphon stamineus is a shrub.
The leaves and stem tips of Orthosiphon stamineus are used to make medicine.
Orthosiphon stamineus is most commonly used by mouth for treating various conditions of the urinary tract, bladder, and kidneys.

But there is limited scientific research to support these uses.
This plant, Orthosiphon stamineus, can grow up to 1.5 m tall.
Orthosiphon stamineus has ovate leaves with serrate margin and arranged in opposite pairs.

The stem of Orthosiphon stamineus is quadrangular, erect and reddish-colour.
The fruit is an ovoid to oblong nutlet.

As a medical herb, Orthosiphon stamineus is used for increasing excretion of urine, lowering uric acid, protecting kidney, reducing oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, protecting liver, protecting stomach, lowering blood pressure, ameliorating diabetes, ameliorating hyperlipidemia, fighting microorganisms and fighting anorexia.

Orthosiphon stamineus is known as kumis kucing in Indonesia and misai kucing in Malaysia, both of which translate to cat's whiskers.
The Malay name Kumis kutjing (or in the Netherlands: Koemis koetjing) means "cat's whiskers."
The name "cat's whiskers" for Orthosiphon stamineus comes from the plant's striking flower shape, which resembles a cat's whiskers.

The flower clusters of Orthosiphon stamineus consist of long, tubular flowers that extend like whiskers, hence the common name "cat's whiskers."
This name is primarily used in the Netherlands and Belgium, and Orthosiphon stamineus is an informal term often used to easily identify and remember the herb.

Orthosiphon stamineus is a herb that is widely grown in tropical areas.
Orthosiphon stamineus is also known as Orthosiphon aristatus.
Orthosiphon stamineus can be identified by its white or purple flowers bearing long, protruding stamens that resemble cats' whiskers.

Orthosiphon stamineus is also commonly referred as "Misai Kucing" (Malaysian) or "Kumis Kucing"(Indonesian) which means cat whiskers.
Orthosiphon stamineus was possibly introduced to the West in the early 20th century.
The brewing of Orthosiphon stamineus is similar to that for other teas.

Orthosiphon stamineus is soaked in hot boiling water for about three minutes, and honey or milk is then added.
Orthosiphon stamineus can be easily prepared as garden tea from the dried leaves.
There are quite a number of commercial products derived from Orthosiphon stamineus.

Cultivation areas and post-harvesting method can significantly affect the quality of the herb.
Orthosiphon stamineus Extract (also known as Java Tea, Cat's Whiskers, or Misai Kucing) is derived from the leaves of the Orthosiphon stamineus plant, a traditional medicinal herb native to Southeast Asia.

Orthosiphon Stamineus (syn. Orthosyphon aristatus) is a perennial herb native to tropical Asia.
Orthosiphon stamineus is known as Java Tea, and is widely cultivated in tropical areas to be used as an herbal tea or supplement.
Orthosiphon stamineus is easily recognizable by its white or purple flowers that bear long stamens that resemble cat whiskers.

In fact, Orthosiphon stamineus is knows as "kumis kucing" in Indonesia and "misai kucing" in Malaysia, which both translate to "Cat Whiskers" in English.
Popularly known as Cat’s Whiskers or Java Tea, Orthosiphon stamineus is a plant native to South-East Asia and belongs to the Lamiaceae family.

USES and APPLICATIONS of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Traditional Medicine: Orthosiphon stamineus is used in Southeast Asia for treating kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and hypertension
Modern Applications: Orthosiphon stamineus is incorporated into dietary supplements, teas, and topical formulations for its health benefits

Orthosiphon stamineus's leaves have been used since ancient times in traditional Chinese medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial effects.
Orthosiphon stamineus is widely used as a diuretic and to combat rheumatism, abdominal pain, kidney and bladder inflammation or infection (nephritis, cystitis), oedema, gout and hypertension.

Orthosiphon stamineus is popularly known as Java tea and is used widely in the form of herbal tea in Asia.
Orthosiphon stamineus has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Malay folk medicine, primarily for its diuretic and kidney-supporting properties.
Orthosiphon stamineus is used in landscaping to attract bees, butterflies and hummingbirds to its nectar.

-Traditional & Pharmacological Uses
Traditional Uses: Orthosiphon stamineus is widely used in Southeast Asian folk medicine to treat a variety of ailments including:
Rheumatoid diseases, diabetes, hypertension, renal stones, edema, intestinal disorders, hepatitis, jaundice, influenza, epilepsy, menorrhagia, syphilis, gonorrhea, fever, etc.
Orthosiphon stamineus is commonly consumed as herbal tea (Java tea) for urinary and kidney issues

-Scientific Research:
While the use of Orthosiphon stamineus in traditional medicine is well documented, it is also increasingly the subject of scientific research into its potential medicinal properties.
Several studies have confirmed the diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Orthosiphon stamineus, supporting its historical uses.

-Modern Uses:
The use of Orthosiphon stamineus has spread beyond Southeast Asia in modern times.
Orthosiphon stamineus is now recognized and used worldwide as a natural supplement for kidney and urinary health, weight loss, anti-inflammatory treatment, and general well-being.

-Uses & Effectiveness of Orthosiphon stamineus:
Orthosiphon stamineus is used High blood pressure.
Orthosiphon stamineus is used infections of the kidney, bladder, or urethra (urinary tract infections or UTIs).

Orthosiphon stamineus is used Liver complaints,
Bladder and kidney disorders, and Gallstones.

-Usage of Orthosiphon stamineus:
Orthosiphon stamineus is known for its diuretic effect.
Its leaves were introduced to Europe and Japan as a health tea.
Orthosiphon stamineus has been used extensively to treat rheumatoid disease, diabetes, hypertension, influenza, hepatitis and jaundice.

-Traditional Medicinal Uses
The diuretic effects of the leaves had been recognised in the South-East Asian community for the treatment of various kidney stones.
Orthosiphon stamineus is considered anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-tumour, hypouricemic, nephroprotective, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antifungal.

The leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus are also used in the treatment of cystitis, urethritis, and gout.
The leaves, stems, roots, and flowers of Orthosiphon stamineus have an antimicrobial effect.

The leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus decoction has been prescribed in Javanese traditional medicine (jamu) for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatism, and diabetes, and is also used as a tea to facilitate body detoxification.

Fresh leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus are chewed and swallowed to induce vomiting while the dried leaves are soaked in boiling water to aid urinary process allergy treatment, diabetes, and bloated stomach.
In Myanmar, crushed fresh leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus are used on ulcers and wounds to reduce inflammation reactions.

HISTORY of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
The history of the use of Orthosiphon stamineus, also known as Javanese kidney tea, dates back centuries and has deep roots in the traditional medicine of Southeast Asia, particularly in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.
Here are some key aspects of the history of Javanese kidney tea:

*Indigenous Uses:
Orthosiphon stamineus has long been used by indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia for its medicinal properties.
Traditional healers and herbalists in the region used Javanese kidney tea as a powerful diuretic and anti-inflammatory to treat a range of conditions, including kidney and urinary tract disorders, hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, and digestive problems.

*Historical References:
There are historical references to the use of Orthosiphon stamineus in traditional Southeast Asian medicine.
Ancient texts and writings, as well as oral traditions, frequently mention Javanese tea as an important herb with medicinal properties.

Orthosiphon stamineus is part of Southeast Asia's rich herbal traditions.
Orthosiphon stamineus is often incorporated into traditional medicinal preparations, such as herbal teas, tinctures, and powders, used for various health purposes.

BENEFITS OF of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Traditional medicine of Orthosiphon stamineus:
Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), popularly known as "diuretic agent" are traditionally used in folk medicine in the treatment of hyperuricemia, rheumatism, gout, nephritis, nephrolithiasis, urethritis and cystitis.

MODERN APPLICATION of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
*Orthosiphon stamineus and Antihyperglycemic
Diabetes is a group of diseases marked by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.
Diabetes can lead to serious complications and premature death.

Antioxidant compounds in functional drinks such as flavonoid may offer some protection against the early stage of diabetic mellitus and the development of complications.

HPLC analysis shows that the bioactive compounds in the extract ingredient are sinensetin, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin, brazilin, hesperidin and naringin.
Consequently, functional drinks based on Orthosiphon stamineus is considered to be a promising functional drink for preventing and treating diabetes

*Orthosiphon stamineus and Antihypertensive
Antihypertensive actions of methylripariochromene A from Orthosiphon stamineus, an Indonesian traditional medicinal plant.

*Orthosiphon stamineus and Prostate Cancer Cells
Optimization of Orthosiphon stamineus Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Selective Chemotherapeutic Potential against Prostate Cancer Cells.

*Orthosiphon stamineus and Renal lithiasis
Adenosine A1 receptor binding activity of methoxy flavonoids from Orthosiphon stamineus.

*Orthosiphon stamineus – An essential raw material for skincare
Orthosiphon stamineus, derived from the plant, is a key ingredient for innovative and effective skincare products.
Orthosiphon stamineus is particularly known for its intense moisturizing and antioxidant properties, making it ideal for anti-aging and reparative skincare lines.

With its ability to strengthen the skin barrier and deeply hydrate the skin, Orthosiphon stamineus is a preferred choice for formulations aimed at restoring skin elasticity and protecting against environmental influences.

These anti-inflammatory properties of Orthosiphon stamineus also support the calming of irritated or sensitive skin.
The use of Orthosiphon stamineus in your products not only supports skin health but also helps to reduce the visible signs of skin aging.

Ideal for creams, lotions, and serums, Orthosiphon stamineus offers a range of benefits that make it an essential component in the development of skincare products.
It is recommended to use Orthosiphon stamineus at a concentration of 2-5% within your formulations to achieve optimal results.

Combine Orthosiphon stamineus with other active ingredients such as Vitamin C or Hyaluronic Acid for enhanced effects in moisturizing and anti-aging products.

VARIETIES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Orthosiphon stamineus var. aristatus - most of species range
Orthosiphon stamineus var. velteri Suddee & A.J.Paton - Vietnam

BOTANICAL & PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Growth Form: Perennial herb/shrub, up to ~1 m tall, with quadrangular stems and lanceolate to elliptical serrated leaves (~4–7 cm long)
Flowers: White or pale purple bilabiate flowers; long stamens protrude like “cat’s whiskers”

PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Contains diverse bioactive compounds including polymethoxylated flavones (e.g., sinensetin, eupatorin, 3′-hydroxy-5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone)
Also rich in phenylpropanoids (caffeic acid derivatives), terpenoids (diterpenes, triterpenes), and essential oils

A recent metabolomics study (2024) identified ~92 chemical substances, with additional compounds formed upon boiling; key metabolites such as ferulic acid, cis-4-coumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid were detected in blood and kidney tissues
Specific components in leaf extracts include fatty acids (e.g., linoleic, stearic, oleanolic acids), carboxylic acids (caftaric acid), phenolics (caffeic, rosmarinic acids), and various flavonoids

Here are some key aspects of the history of Orthosiphon stamineus:

*Indigenous Uses:
Orthosiphon stamineus has long been used by indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia for its medicinal properties.
Traditional healers and herbalists in the region used Orthosiphon stamineus as a powerful diuretic and anti-inflammatory to treat a range of conditions, including kidney and urinary tract disorders, hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, and digestive problems.

*Historical References:
There are historical references to the use of Orthosiphon stamineus in traditional Southeast Asian medicine.
Ancient texts and writings, as well as oral traditions, frequently mention JOrthosiphon stamineus as an important herb with medicinal properties.

MODERN USES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
The use of Orthosiphon stamineus has spread beyond Southeast Asia in modern times.
Orthosiphon stamineus is now recognized and used worldwide as a natural supplement for kidney and urinary health, weight loss, anti-inflammatory treatment, and general well-being.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
While the use of Orthosiphon stamineus in traditional medicine is well documented, it is also increasingly the subject of scientific research into its potential medicinal properties.
Several studies have confirmed the diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Orthosiphon stamineus, supporting its historical uses.

CHARACTERISTICS of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Orthosiphon stamineus is rich in diterpenes such as orthosiphol and in phenolic compounds (e.g. sinensetin, eupatorin, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid).

PROPERTIES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
*Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties:
Due to the orthosiphols and flavones it contains, Orthosiphon stamineus has anti-inflammatory activity by 5-lipoxygenase inhibition.
Eupatorin, sinensetin and ursolic acid are the main agents responsible for these anti-inflammatory effects.

*Beneficial effects on kidney function:
Orthosiphon stamineus has many beneficial effects on kidney function.
For example, Orthosiphon stamineus reduces uraemia and creatininaemia, and increases glomerular filtration rate.

Repeated doses of 0.5 mg/kg administered over a period of seven days cause an increase in urine volume from day 3 to day 7 and in electrolyte excretion (Na+ and K+ ions) from day 2 to day 7.

Generally, reduced uric acid levels in serum are observed after six hours of treatment.
Orthosiphon stamineus also has renoprotective effects.

To ensure these protective effects, ethanolic extract is more effective than aqueous extract, as Orthosiphon stamineus has a much higher content of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid and orthosiphol.

*Antihypertensive effect:
As a vasorelaxant, Orthosiphon stamineus also has antihypertensive properties.
Orthosiphon stamineus involves the calcium and potassium channels, but also the muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptors.

This effect is modulated by sinensetin.
This effect is also obtained by acting on the calcium and potassium channels, and on the muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptors.

*Hepatoprotective effect:
Due to its antioxidant abilities, Orthosiphon stamineus has a hepatoprotective effect, counterbalancing the increased serum levels of the liver enzymes ALT and AST.
Orthosiphon stamineus also protects against the harmful effects of paracetamol on the liver by raising glutathione levels.

*Anti-infectious activity:
The antimicrobial activity of Orthosiphon stamineus extract has been demonstrated in several studies.
This enables Orthosiphon stamineus to combat infection by Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.

A dose of 750 mg/kg protects the kidneys and bladder against E. coli infection in mice, reducing bacterial concentration in a similar way to norofloxacin.

Interestingly, pre-treatment with Orthosiphon stamineus for four to seven days reduces bacterial bladder colonisation due to its antiadhesive activity.

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
*Diuretic & renal protective:
Strong urine flow enhancement and kidney benefits; acts via adenosine A1 receptor antagonism

*Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic:
Demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo models

*Hepatoprotective, gastroprotective:
Orthosiphon stamineus protects liver and stomach lining; antioxidant mechanisms suggest polyphenol-mediated effects

*Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive:
Orthosiphon stamineus lowers blood glucose, improves lipid profile, and lowers blood pressure

*Antimicrobial and anti-angiogenic:
Orthosiphon stamineus shows activity against bacteria and inhibits angiogenesis in experimental models

*Anticancer adjunct:
Orthosiphon stamineus enhances tamoxifen efficacy in hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells

*Anorexic / anti-obesity:
Orthosiphon stamineus reduces food intake and visceral fat in animal models

*Cosmetic effects:
Anti-sebum and pore-minimizing properties when used in formulations

*α-Glucosidase inhibition:
Water extracts show promising enzyme inhibition and strong antioxidant activity with favorable safety in zebrafish models

A MEDICINAL HERB WITH DEEP ROOTS, ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Beyond Orthosiphon stamineus's striking ornamental appeal, cat’s whiskers has a long history as a medicinal plant.
Native to Southeast Asia and tropical regions of Australia, its leaves are commonly dried and brewed into Orthosiphon stamineus (also called “misai kucing tea” in Malaysia and Indonesia).

Orthosiphon stamineus is believed to have diuretic properties, aiding kidney function, reducing water retention, and supporting urinary tract health.

Some cultures also use Orthosiphon stamineus as a natural remedy for high blood pressure, diabetes, and inflammation.
While scientific studies are still catching up to centuries of traditional knowledge, early research suggests that compounds in Orthosiphon stamineus, such as flavonoids and rosmarinic acid, may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.

THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Here are some of the potential medicinal properties and uses of Orthosiphon stamineus:

*Diuretic:
Orthosiphon stamineus is especially known for its strong diuretic properties.
Orthosiphon stamineus can help increase urine output, making it useful in treating conditions such as edema, hypertension (high blood pressure), urinary tract infections, and kidney stones.

*Stone Breaker:
Koemis koetjing is known for its ability to break down bladder, kidney, and gallstones, allowing them to be passed in the urine.
It's important to use this under supervision, as the crushed stones (grit) can actually cause a blockage, especially in male animals.

*Anti-inflammatory:
Orthosiphon stamineus is also commonly used for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Orthosiphon stamineus can help reduce inflammation in the body and may therefore be useful in treating inflammation-related conditions such as arthritis, gout, and digestive problems.

*Antioxidant:
Orthosiphon stamineus contains antioxidants that can help neutralize free radicals in the body and protect cells from oxidative damage.
This can contribute to overall health and well-being and may help prevent certain diseases and conditions.

*Antimicrobial:
Orthosiphon stamineus is believed to have antimicrobial properties, meaning it can help fight bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. Orthosiphon stamineus can be used to treat infectious diseases and promote a healthy immune system.

*Kidney and liver support:
Due to its diuretic properties, Orthosiphon stamineus is sometimes used to support kidney and liver function.
Orthosiphon stamineus can help remove toxins and waste from the body.

GROWING ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS IN THE GARDEN:
Despite its versatility, I rarely see Orthosiphon stamineus being grown today, which is surprising given how easy it is to cultivate.
Orthosiphon stamineus’s a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae), so it shares many of the traits that make mint and other relatives like basil and lavender thrive.
Here’s what you need to know to grow Orthosiphon stamineussuccessfully:

*Sun & Temperature:
Orthosiphon stamineus thrives in full sun but appreciates afternoon shade in the deep South, where summers can be intense.
Orthosiphon stamineus prefers warm temperatures and is only hardy to USDA Zone 9, so in cooler climates, it’s best treated as an annual or overwintered indoors.

*Size & Growth:
When grown from mature plants, Orthosiphon stamineus can reach 3-4 feet tall in a single season, forming an upright, bushy habit.
If started from seed, Orthosiphon stamineus takes longer to reach full size but still provides a lush presence in the garden.

*Soil & Water:
Orthosiphon stamineus enjoys rich, well-draining soil and appreciates consistent watering—especially during hot weather.
While Orthosiphon stamineus’s somewhat drought-tolerant once established, regular moisture will prolong blooming and keep the plant looking its best.

*Container Growing:
Although I’ve never personally grown Orthosiphon stamineus in a container, several sources confirm that it does well in pots.
The ability to bring Orthosiphon stamineus indoors for winter makes it an appealing option for those in colder regions.

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION EDIT THIS CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom:           Plantae
Clade:               Tracheophytes
Clade:               Angiosperms
Clade:               Eudicots
Clade:               Asterids
Order:               Lamiales
Family:               Lamiaceae
Genus:               Orthosiphon
Species:           O. aristatus

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Orthosiphon stamineus contains a diverse array of phytochemicals:

*Flavonoids:
Sinensetin, eupatorin, 5,7-dihydroxychromone, and 5,7-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4H-chromen-4-one

*Phenolic Acids:
Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, caftaric acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde

*Triterpenoids:
Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and maslinic acid

*Essential Oils:
Linalool, eugenol, limonene, camphene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene

*Fatty Acids:
Linoleic acid, α-eleostearic acid, and stearic acid

*Alkaloids and Amino Acids:
Phenylalanine derivatives

*Carbohydrates and Saponins:
Present in varying concentrations

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Orthosiphon stamineus exhibits several pharmacological activities:

*Antioxidant Activity:
Orthosiphon stamineus scavenges free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative stress

*Anti-inflammatory Effects:
Orthosiphon stamineus reduces inflammation markers, beneficial in inflammatory conditions

*Antidiabetic Potential:
Orthosiphon stamineus inhibits α-glucosidase and α-amylase, aiding in blood sugar regulation

*Kidney Health Support:
Orthosiphon stamineus promotes diuresis and may assist in managing kidney-related ailments

*Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities:
Orthosiphon stamineus demonstrates efficacy against various pathogens

*Anti-tumor Effects:
Orthosiphon stamineus exhibits potential in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation

*Immunomodulatory Properties:
Orthosiphon stamineus modulates immune responses, enhancing body defense mechanisms

BENEFITS & USES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
*Diuretic & Kidney Health
Orthosiphon stamineus promotes urine flow, helping with urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, and detoxification.
Orthosiphon stamineus contains flavonoids and potassium salts that support kidney function.

*Anti-inflammatory & Antioxidant
Rich in rosmarinic acid, sinensetin, and eupatorin, which reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
Orthosiphon stamineus may benefit conditions like gout or arthritis.

*Blood Sugar & Blood Pressure Support
Some studies suggest Orthosiphon stamineus helps regulate glucose levels and mildly lowers hypertension.

*Weight Management
Often included in "slimming teas" for Orthosiphon stamineus's mild fat-metabolism effects.

*Liver Protection
Orthosiphon stamineus shows hepatoprotective potential in traditional medicine.
Orthosiphon stamineus is a medicinal herb found mainly throughout southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, South-East Asia, and tropical Queensland.

Orthosiphon stamineus is used in landscaping to attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds to its nectar.
Orthosiphon stamineus is cultivated for its medicinal uses, and as an ornamental plant in the gardens as its flower is unique and beautiful.

AGROECOLOGY of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Orthosiphon stamineus can be grown and cultivated on any soil type including sandy soil like bris and tin tailings.
Orthosiphon stamineus needs an average monthly rainfall of 180-200 cm to grow well.
Irrigation should be provided during the dry season.

Orthosiphon stamineus can withstand waterlogged conditions.
The growth is not affected although the crop has been waterlogged for 24 hours.
The soil pH required for optimum crop growth is 5-6.

MORPHOLOGY of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
ROOT
taproot.

STEM
quadrangular and had an ascending stem, the dominant color mix of strong yellowish-green and deep purplish pink.

LEAVES
dark green, in distant pairs, smooth, narrowed into the stalk, ovate, 5-10 cm long, cuneate at the base, acuminate at the apex, coarsely toothed at the margins.

FLOWERS
borne in very lax racemes, the calyx is bell-shaped with a naked throat and two slender lower teeth.
Corolla is 2.5 cm long, smooth, white or purplish.

FRUITS
split into 4 oblong ovoid nutlets measuring 1.5-2 mm long with a brownish color and rugose surface.

CULTIVATION
Vegetative propagation by stem cutting, 15 - 20 cm long, which have some buds, planted in shade, with 40 - 60 cm between plants and rows.
Reproductive propagation by seed.
After 4-5 weeks in the nursery, the seedlings are ready to be transplanted.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Various types of chemical compounds that have been isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus species include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroid, caffeic acid, saponins, a glycoside (orthosiphonin), an essential oil.
Other studies revealed different things that the chloroform fraction of boiled water leaves the Orthosiphon stamineus containing isopimaran type dihydrogen compounds.

Orthosiphon stamineus contain percentages of sinensetin, eupatorin, and 30-hydroxy-5,6,7,40-tetrametoksiflavon in chloroform extracts are 1.48%, 2.26% and 0.58%, respectively.
Leaf extract of Orthosiphon stamineus contains three flavonoids (30-hydroxy-5,6,7,40-tetrametoksiflavon, sinensetin, and eupatorin) as bioactive substances.

Orthosiphon stamineus is a small shrub native to Eastern Asia, growing in height from 2 to 5 feet, depending on variety and conditions.
Orthosiphon stamineus prefers to grow in full sun or partial shade, and does well with moderate water.

Flowering in pink or white, off-white blooms, Orthosiphon stamineus is an ethnomedical plant featuring fragrant blossoms and a number of medical uses from tea brewed from the leaves.
Grown in USDA Zones 9-11, Orthosiphon stamineus is easy to care for when grown in pots and containers.

In colder regions, the key to over-wintering Orthosiphon stamineus is pot protection: simply bring the potted plants into a covered, frost-free location.
During the growing season, Orthosiphon stamineus can be successfully planted outside in the garden as long as it's kept in a sheltered area.

Orthosiphon stamineus may require a little bit of extra water during extreme temperatures and during early spring while the new flowers are developing.
Orthosiphon stamineus is a great choice for gardeners looking to add a bit of subtle beauty and color to their garden.

This small shrub is not only attractive to butterflies, bees and hummingbirds, but is also easy to care for and is an ethnomedical plant with a number of healing uses.
Whether planted in a pot for a patio, balcony or deck, or out in the garden for those living in warmer regions, Orthosiphon stamineus is a great addition to any outdoor space.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
Family: Lamiaceae
Habitat: Tropical and subtropical regions
Plant Type: Herbaceous shrub
Height: Typically 60–90 cm
Leaves: Opposite, ovate to lanceolate, with serrated margins
Flowers: White to pale purple, borne in elongated spikes resembling cat's whiskers
Aroma: Pleasant, herbal fragrance

Physical and Chemical Properties of Extracts
Melanoidin OS-M: A pigment isolated from fermented leaves, with elemental composition of C=57.14%, H=3.92%, N=2.02%, O=36.92%; characterized by a strong absorption band at 228 nm and shoulders at 267 and 337 nm
Essential Oils:
Contain compounds like β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and limonene, contributing to the plant's aromatic profile and therapeutic effects

FIRST AID MEASURES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available