OZOCERITE

Ozocerite is utilized to enhance the texture and consistency of products like lipsticks, creams, and lotions. 
Ozocerite acts as a viscosity-increasing agent and stabilizer, providing structure and firmness to formulations. 
Ozocerite is employed in the production of polishes for furniture, leather, and floors due to its film-forming properties. Additionally, Ozocerite is used in the manufacture of candles, printing inks, crayons, and sealing waxes. 

CAS Number: 64741-56-6
EC Number: 265-350-4
Molecular Formula: CnH2n+2 (variable, as it is a mixture of hydrocarbons)
Molecular weight: 300 to 800 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Earthwax, Earth wax, Mineral wax, CERIN, CERESIN WAX, CERESIN WAX WHITE, CERESIN WAX YELLOW, OZOKERITE WAX, MINERAL WAX, Ceresin, Wheteceresinwax,CERESIN WAX,Ceresin,Ceresine, Ceresine wax, Ceresin wax, Cerin, Earth wax Mineral wax, White ceresin wax, White ozokerite wax

Ozocerite is a petroleum wax with film-forming and hydrophobic properties. 
Ozocerite protects the skin against moisture loss and improves the consistency of cosmetics.
Historically referred to as earth wax, Ozocerite is a chemically neutralized hydrocarbon wax (petroleum) with admixtures of isoparaffins and aromatics derived from coal and shale. 

Chemically, Ozocerite consists of a mixture of various hydrocarbons containing 85-87% by weight of carbon and 14-13% of hydrogen. 
Crude Ozocerite is black. 

After refining, its color ranges from yellow to white. 
The wax hardens as Ozocerite ages, with hardness level depending on its source and refinement. 

The commercial grades of Ozocerite are:
1. Unbleached (black)
2. Single-bleached (yellow)
3. Double-bleached (white)

Ozocerite has excellent absorbing power for oil, grease, and certain solvents. 
In this respect, Ozocerite is superior to paraffin wax, which tends to crystallize from the mixture and allows the fluid components present in its composition to sweat out. 

Ozocerite is waterproof as well as alkali- and acid-resistant. 
Only fuming sulfuric and concentrated nitric acids break it down. 
In many respects, Ozocerite is superior to paraffin wax for personal care products. 

Ozocerite’s not susceptible to becoming brittle in low temperatures like paraffin wax. 
Ozocerite’s not as slippery as paraffin wax and has a slight tackiness. 
However, Ozocerite is less resistant to actinic rays than paraffin wax, and it sets more rapidly and shrinks more than beeswax. 

To offset these drawbacks, Venice turpentine or another plasticizer is often added.
Ozocerite, archaically referred to as earthwax or earth wax.
Ceresin Wax (Ozocerite) is a Waxy mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by purification of Ozocerite. 

Ozocerite is a hydrocarbon wax derived from mineral sources or from petroleum.
Ozokerite, also spelled ozocerite, is a naturally occurring mineral wax composed predominantly of paraffinic hydrocarbons. 
Ozocerite is found in various locations worldwide, including Utah (USA), Galicia (Spain), Australia, and Romania near the Caspian Sea. 

Ozocerite is a multifaceted mineral wax with diverse applications stemming from its distinctive physical and chemical properties.
A naturally-occurring odoriferous mineral wax or paraffin.
Chemically, Ozocerite consists of a mixture of various hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes: CnH2n+2 n=20<40

Ozocerite, (from Greek ozokēros, “odoriferous wax”), naturally occurring, light yellow to dark brown mineral wax composed principally of solid paraffinic hydrocarbons (compounds chiefly of hydrogen and carbon atoms linked in chains). 
Ozocerite usually occurs as thin stringers and veins filling rock fractures in areas of mountain building. 

It is believed to have been deposited when the petroleum containing Ozocerite percolated through the rock fissures; in Utah, U.S., this process is exposed in fissures cut by mine drifts. Large deposits occur in Galicia (in modern Poland), Romania, Utah, and elsewhere.

Ozocerite is a natural, waxy mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons. 
Ozocerite occurs in rocks found in Utah, Galicia, Australia, and in Romania near the Caspian Sea. 

Ozocerite, archaically referred to as earthwax or earth wax, is a naturally occurring odoriferous mineral wax or paraffin found in many localities. 
Lacking a definite composition and crystalline structure, Ozocerite is not considered a mineral but only a mineraloid. 
The name was coined from Greek elements Όζω ozο, to stink, and κηρός keros, wax.

USES and APPLICATIONS of OZOCERITE:
Ozocerite uses and applications include: Candles; wax figures; sizing; bottles for hydrofluoric acid; antifouling paints; waterproofing textiles; substitute for beeswax; dental wax compds.; rubber compounding; electronic insulation; waxed paper and cloth; coating wax (packaging, textiles); heat-sealhot-melt flow additive; woodshoeleathercar polish ingredient; antistat, binder, emulsion stabilizer in cosmetics; opacifier; viscous control agent; gellant; stabilizer; thickener in pharmaceutical protective creams; in food packaging adhesives

Highly-refined Ozocerite is used in cosmetics and personal care products, including binding, stabilizing, and controlling viscosity.
Pharmaceuticals: Ozocerite serves as a base for ointments and creams, offering a stable medium for the incorporation of medicinal compounds.
Electrical Insulation: Due to its insulating properties, Ozocerite is used in the electrical industry to insulate wires and other components.

The light yellow to dark brown Mineral wax is used as a substitute for beeswax and carnauba wax in polishes, candles, printing inks, crayons, sealing waxes, phonograph records, and insulation. 
Ozocerite is also used for leather polish, lithographic and printing inks, carbon paper, floor polishes, waxed paper, and textile sizing. 
When purified by boiling and alkali treatments, ozocerite is called Ceresin wax.

-Cosmetics and Personal Care uses of Ozocerite: 
Ozocerite is utilized to enhance the texture and consistency of products like lipsticks, creams, and lotions. 
Ozocerite acts as a viscosity-increasing agent and stabilizer, providing structure and firmness to formulations. 

-Industrial Applications of Ozocerite: 
Ozocerite is employed in the production of polishes for furniture, leather, and floors due to its film-forming properties. Additionally, Ozocerite is used in the manufacture of candles, printing inks, crayons, and sealing waxes. 

BENEFITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF OZOCERITE:
*Film-Forming Ability: 
Ozocerite provides a protective barrier, aiding in moisture retention and offering a glossy finish in polishes and cosmetics.

*Hydrophobic Nature: 
Repels water, making Ozocerite valuable in waterproofing applications and enhancing the longevity of products exposed to moisture.

*Versatility: 
Its unique combination of properties allows Ozocerite to be used across a wide range of industries, from cosmetics to industrial manufacturing.

SOURCES OF OZOCERITE:
Specimens have been obtained from Scotland, Northumberland, Wales, as well as from about thirty different countries. 
Of these occurrences the Ozocerite of the island (now peninsula) of Cheleken, near Türkmenbaşy Bay, parts of the Himalayas in India and the deposits of Utah in the United States, deserve mention, though the latter have been largely worked out. 

The sole sources of commercial supply are in Galicia, at Boryslav, Dzwiniacz and Starunia, though the mineraloid is found at other points on both flanks of the Carpathians.

Ozocerite deposits are believed to have originated in much the same way as mineral veins, the slow evaporation and oxidation of petroleum having resulted in the deposition of its dissolved paraffin in the fissures and crevices previously occupied by the liquid. 
As found native, Ozocerite varies from a very soft wax to a black mass as hard as gypsum.

PROPERTIES OF OZOCERITE:
Ozocerite's specific gravity ranges from 0.85 to 0.95, and its melting point from 58 to 100 °C (136 to 212 °F). 
Ozocerite is soluble in ether, petroleum, benzene, turpentine, chloroform, carbon disulfide and others. 
Galician Ozocerite varies in color from light yellow to dark brown, and frequently appears green owing to dichroism. 

Ozocerite usually melts at 62 °C (144 °F). 
Chemically, Ozocerite consists of a mixture of various hydrocarbons, containing 85–87% by weight of carbon and 14.3% of hydrogen.

MINING OF OZOCERITE:
The mining of Ozocerite began in Galicia in the 1880s, and was formerly carried on by means of hand-labor, but in the Ozocerite mines owned by the Boryslaw Actien Gesellschaft and the Galizische Kreditbank, the workings of which extend to a depth of 200 metres (660 ft), and 225 metres (738 ft), respectively, electrical power is employed for hauling, pumping and ventilating. 

In these mines there are the usual main shafts and galleries, the Ozocerite being reached by levels driven along the strike of the deposit. 
The wax, as Ozocerite reaches the surface, varies in purity, and, in new workings especially, only hand-picking is needed to separate the pure material. 

In other cases much earthy matter is mixed with Ozocerite, and then the rock or shale having been eliminated by hand-picking, the "wax-stone" is boiled with water in large coppers, when the pure wax rises to the surface. 

This is again melted without water, and the impurities are skimmed off, the material being then run into slightly conical cylindrical moulds, and thus made into blocks for the market. 
The crude Ozocerite is refined by treatment first with sulfuric acid, and subsequently with charcoal, when the ceresine or cerasin of commerce is obtained. 

The refined Ozocerite or ceresine, which usually has a melting-point of 61 to 78 °C (142 to 172 °F), is largely used as an adulterant of beeswax, and is frequently colored artificially to resemble that product in appearance.

On distillation in a current of superheated steam, Ozocerite yields a candle-making material resembling the paraffin obtained from petroleum and shale-oil but of higher melting-point, and therefore of greater value if the candles made from it are to be used in hot climates. 
There are also obtained in the distillation light oils and a product resembling vaseline. 

The residue in the stills consists of a hard, black, waxy substance, which in admixture with India-rubber was employed under the name of okonite as an electrical insulator. 
From the residue a form of the material known as heel-ball, used to impart a polished surface to the heels and soles of boots, was also manufactured.

Mining of Ozocerite diminished after 1940 due to competition from paraffins manufactured from petroleum. 
Ozocerite has a higher melting point than most petroleum waxes, and is favored for some applications, such as electrical insulators and candles

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of OZOCERITE:
CAS Number: 64741-56-6
EC Number: 265-350-4
Molecular Formula: CnH2n+2 (variable, as it is a mixture of hydrocarbons)
Molecular weight: 300 to 800 g/mol
Appearance: Yellow-brown to black or green hydrocarbon wax. 
Odor: Odoriferous, with a characteristic smell.
Melting Point: Varies depending on composition; 
commercial grades typically melt between 140-200°F (60-93°C). 
Density: Approximately 0.85-0.95 g/cm³.

Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents such as benzene and chloroform.
Chemical Composition: Complex mixture of hydrocarbons, 
primarily consisting of paraffins and isoparaffins.
Soluble in petroleum solvents, benzene, turpentine, carbon disulfide.
Slightly soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in water.
Acid value= 0
Iodine value=0
Saponification value = 0
Melting Point = 55-110 (raw); 74.4-75.0 (refined)
Density = 0.85-0.95

FIRST AID MEASURES of OZOCERITE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of OZOCERITE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of OZOCERITE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of OZOCERITE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of OZOCERITE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of OZOCERITE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available