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Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus a provitamin of B5.
In organisms Panthenol is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid.
Panthenol is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature.
CAS: 16485-10-2
MF: C9H19NO4
MW: 205.25
EINECS: 240-540-6
Panthenol is used as a moisturizer and to improve wound healing in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Panthenol is a multi-functional active ingredient that would be useful in most skin care formulations.
Panthenol's efficacy has been substantiated in numerous peer-reviewed journals.
The biologically active form of Panthenol, D-panthenol (EU), is the stable alcohol analogue of vitamin B5, pantothenic acid (EU), and is quickly converted to vitamin B5 (pantothenate) in the body.
Pantothenic acid is present in all living cells and acts as an essential nutritional component due to its role in the formation of acetyl-co-enzyme A in the early stages of metabolism.
The main role of acetyl-co-enzyme A is to provide activated acetic acid into the citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle).
This produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Co-enzyme A also transfers to other molecules such as Nacetyl-glucosamine (EU) and acetylcholine (EU) to help in the production of steroids and the synthesis of fatty acids.
Coenzyme A also helps the body detoxify foreign substances.
Panthenol is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium.
Panthenol exists in two optically active forms, both of which are used in pharmaceutical preparations.
While pantothenic acid is optically active, only the dextrorotatory form is biologically active.
Dexpanthenol, the active form of panthenol, is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), which is an essential component of Coenzyme A that acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium.
DL-Pantothenyl Alcohol or panthenol is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid and thus a provitamin of B5.
In cosmetics and personal-care products, panthenol is a humectant, emollient, and moisturizer.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Panthenol is a chemical substance made from pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B-5.
Panthenol occurs organically and can also be produced from both plant and animal sources.
Panthenol’s used as an additive in various cosmetic products around the globe.
Panthenol takes the form of either a white powder or a transparent oil at room temperature.
You will sometimes see panthenol listed under one of its other names on ingredients list, including:
dexpanthenol
D-pantothenyl alcohol
butanamide
alcohol analog of pantothenic acid
provitamin B-5
When absorbed into the body, panthenol becomes vitamin B-5.
Panthenol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 66-69 °C (lit.)
Alpha: 0°(c=5, H2O)
Boiling point: 118-120 °C(Press: 0.02 Torr)
Density: 1.166±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0.004Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: Acetonitrile (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 13.03±0.20(Predicted)
Form: neat
Color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, ether, chloroform, and propylene glycol.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,2947
BRN: 1724945
InChIKey: SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.02 at 22℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 16485-10-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Panthenol (16485-10-2)
Panthenol is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium.
Panthenol exists as a racemic mixture containing both the dextrorotatory form (dexpanthenol) and the levorotatory form (levopanthenol).
While Panthenol is optically active, only the dextrorotatory form is biologically active.
Dexpanthenol, the active form of panthenol, is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), which is an essential component of Coenzyme A that acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium.
Due to Panthenol's good penetration and high local concentrations, dexpanthanol is used in many topical products, such as ointments and lotions for treatment of dermatological conditions to relieve itching or promote healing.
Dermatological effects of the topical use of dexpanthenol include increased fibroblast proliferation and accelerated re-epithelialization in wound healing.
Furthermore, Panthenol acts as a topical protectant, moisturizer, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties.
Panthenol is an odourless, slightly bitter, highly viscous, transparent, and colourless liquid at room temperature, but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders that are typically white.
Panthenol is easily soluble in water and alcohol, moderately soluble in diethyl ether, soluble in chloroform (1:100), in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in glycerin.
Panthenol's expanded chemical formula is HO–CH2–C(CH3)2–CH(OH)–CONH–CH2CH2CH2–OH.
Uses
Panthenol, the active form of panthenol, is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), which is an essential component of Coenzyme A that acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium.
The vitamin ingredient Panthenol is valued in skin and hair care applications for its moisturizing properties.
Panthenol has anti-inflammatory effects and soothes irritated and sensitive skin.
For hair care application Panthenol is known for its humectant properties and its ability to improve the resistance of hair to mechanical stress.
Panthenol (pro-vitamin B5) acts as a penetrating moisturizer.
Panthenol appears to stimulate cellular proliferation and aid in tissue repair.
Studies indicate that when topically applied, panthenol penetrates the skin and gets converted into pantothenic acid, a B complex vitamin.
Such action could possibly influence the skin’s natural resources of pantothenic acid.
Panthenol imparts a nonirritant, non-sensitizing, moisturizing, and conditioning feel and promotes normal keratinization and wound-healing.
Panthenol protects the skin against sunburn, provides relief for existing sunburn, and enhances the natural tanning process.
Panthenol’s humectant character enables it to hold water in the product or attract water from the environment, resulting in a moisturizing effect.
Panthenol enhances skin suppleness, and claims are that it also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Panthenol is considered a non-comedogenic raw material.
Panthenol is used in the topical treatment of skin disorders, such as minor irritations and skin burns.
Also used in the strengthening and treatment of hair.
In pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal-care products, panthenol is a moisturizer and humectant, used in ointments, lotions, shampoos, nasal sprays, eye drops, lozenges, and cleaning solutions for contact lenses.
In ointments Panthenol is used for the treatment of sunburns, mild burns, minor skin injuries, and disorders (in concentrations of up to 2–5%).
Panthenol improves hydration, reduces itching and inflammation of the skin, improves skin elasticity, and accelerates epidermal wounds' rate of healing.
For this purpose, Panthenol is sometimes combined with allantoin.
Panthenol binds to the hair shaft readily, so, it is a common component of commercial shampoos and hair conditioners (in concentrations of 0.1–1%).
Panthenol coats the hair and seals its surface, lubricating the hair shaft and giving it a shiny appearance.
Panthenol is also recommended by tattoo artists as a post-tattooing moisturising cream.
In topical cosmetics, product manufacturers often use panthenol as a moisturizer.
But Panthenol’s also included in many cosmetics as a softening, soothing, and anti-irritant agent.
Panthenol also helps your skin build up a barrier against irritation and water loss.
Skin products
Panthenol is essential for a healthy diet, skin, and hair.
Panthenol makes sense that panthenol, its derivative, is a staple of many skin care products, such as lotions and cleansers.
Panthenol’s also found in cosmetics as various as lipstick, foundation, or even mascara.
Panthenol also appears in creams made to treat insect bites, poison ivy, and even diaper rash.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information lists panthenol as a skin protectant with anti-inflammatory properties.
Panthenol can help improve skin’s hydration, elasticity, and smooth appearance.
Panthenol is best known for its ability to act as a moisturising ingredient — which attracts and retains moisture in skin.
As a moisturising ingredient, Provitamin B5 stabilises the skin's barrier function, reducing the amount of water lost through the skin.
This, in turn, improves skin texture and elasticity, making Panthenol ideal for treating dry, scaly or coarse skin.
Mature skin perceived smoother and more supple.
In addition to its moisture retaining and softening properties, Panthenol also helps skin to defend itself against external stresses.
When applied, Panthenol reduces itching, redness and suppresses inflammation.
Thanks to its soothing and repairing properties, Panthenol also helps relieve inflamed acne and skin that has recently undergone clinical treatment, such as chemical peeling.
Even eczema is relieved and sunburned skin benefits from products with Panthenol, as the ingredient accelerates healing in the skin.
Hair products
Hair consists of a part of Panthenol, which allows the ingredient to penetrate deeper into its so-called cortex, causing hair to swell slightly and create more volume.
In skin and hair, Panthenol is converted to Provitamin B5, which keeps it moisturised for prolonged periods.
Panthenol also forms a film of moisture on the hair strand, providing extra protection for your hair.
Panthenols thus have the ability to control the moisture content while increasing the hair's resistance to damage and dehydration.
Thanks to its moisture retaining effect, Panthenol can also make hair shinier and counteract frizziness.
Panthenol can also help protect your hair from styling or environmental damage by locking in moisture.
One studyTrusted Source found that panthenol may help slow down and hide the look of thinning hair.
The study tested Panthenol with other active ingredients as a leave-in treatment.
Nail products
Your nails are made from keratin proteins, just like your hair.
So, Panthenol follows that panthenol can strengthen your finger- and toenails.
You might find it in your shine and strengthening nail treatments, or in hand creams and cuticle oils.
One study Trusted Source found that applying panthenol to the nail can help hydrate the nail and prevent breakage.
Pharmacology
Panthenol readily penetrates into the skin and mucous membranes (including the intestinal mucosa), where Panthenol is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid.
Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic.
Panthenol is also used in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which plays a role in a wide range of enzymatic reactions and in cell growth.
Mechanism of action
Panthenol is a precursor of coenzyme A, which serves as a cofactor for a variety of enzyme-catalyzed reactions involving transfer of acetyl groups.
The final step in the synthesis of acetylcholine consists of the choline acetylase transfer of acetyl group from acetylcoenzyme A to choline.
Acetylcholine is the neurohumoral transmitter in the parasympathetic system and as such maintains the normal functions of the intestine.
Decrease in acetylcholine content would result in decreased peristalsis and in extreme cases adynamic ileus.
Panthenol is well absorbed into the skin and quickly converted into Pantothenic acid by oxidation.
Panthenol is distributed into the cells and is converted to Acetyl Coenzyme-A (Acetyl CoA) in the cells of the epidermis.
Human being require Vitamin B5 to synthesize Acetyl CoA which is an essential mediator to many biochemical reactions that sustain life (maintenance and repair of all cells) and which breaks down fats, carbohydrates and proteins for carbon dioxide, water, and energy generation.
Furthermore, Panthenol synthesis fatty acids and sphingolipids, for stratum corneum lipid layers and cell membrane integrity & fluidity.
Side effects
Panthenol is generally well tolerated.
In rare cases, skin irritation and contact allergies have been reported.
Generally, topical panthenol formulations were well tolerated with minimal risk of skin irritation or sensitization.
Synonyms
DL-Panthenol
panthenol
16485-10-2
DL-Pantothenol
DL-Pantothenyl alcohol
2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide
Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-
Panthenol, racemic
Panthenolum
2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide
NSC-759899
WV9CM0O67Z
Pantenol
Pantenolo
62507-76-0
(+-)-Pantothenyl alcohol
DL-Pantothenol;DL-Pantothenyl alcohol
Alcool DL-pantotenilico
Panthenol , DL-form
Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (+)- (9CI)
Pantenolo [DCIT]
Pantenol [INN-Spanish]
Panthenolum [INN-Latin]
component of Zentinic
Dexpanthenol [USAN)
SMR000857333
Alcool DL-pantotenilico [Italian]
SR-05000001760
EINECS 240-540-6
MFCD00002944
UNII-WV9CM0O67Z
NSC302962
d,l- panthenol
NSC-302962
NCGC00186658-01
pantothenylol alcohol
Panthenol [USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN]
2,3-dimethylbutyramide
DL-Panthenol, 99%
Panthenol (USP/INN)
PANTHENOL [INN]
PANTHENOL, DL-
PANTHENOL [INCI]
PANTHENOL [USAN]
(+-)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide
PANTHENOL [VANDF]
PANTHENOL [MART.]
EC 240-540-6
DL-PANTHENOL [FCC]
PANTHENOL [WHO-DD]
SCHEMBL15567
DL-PANTHENOL [VANDF]
(R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric 3-hydroxypropylamide
MLS001336015
MLS001336016
CHEMBL1371937
D-(+)-2,3-dimethylbutyramide
DTXSID3044598
PANTHENOL [USP MONOGRAPH]
Dexpanthenol (Pantothenyl Alcohol)
HMS2093B14
HMS2234M16
HMS3371M11
Pharmakon1600-01505420
Pharmakon1600-01505656
(+/-)-PANTOTHENYL ALCOHOL
HY-B1024
PANTHENOL, RACEMIC [USP-RS]
Tox21_302660
Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (+-)-
Butyramide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, DL-
NSC759127
NSC759899
s4566
STL453540
AKOS015841508
Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (+/-)-
CCG-213502
CS-4541
NSC 759899
NSC-759127
SB44496
NCGC00256864-01
AS-56363
DA-09547
SBI-0206818.P001
CAS-16485-10-2
DB-056494
FT-0625499
FT-0625596
FT-0693817
P1318
A19436
D03726
H11256
AB00918367_05
A810597
Butyramide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3
Q196473
Q-201031
SR-05000001760-1
SR-05000001760-3
3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyramido)-1-propanol
BRD-A59413292-001-04-1
Butanamide,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-
(+/-)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric 3-hydroxypropylamide
3,3-dimethyl-2,4-bis(oxidanyl)-N-(3-oxidanylpropyl)butanamide
D-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)butyramide
Dl-2 4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-3 3-Dimethylbutyramide
(+/-)-2,4-dihydroxy-n-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide
(R)-(+)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide
Butanamide,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (R)-
Butyramide,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, D-(+)-
Panthenol, racemic, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
(+/-)-alpha,gamma-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-beta,beta-dimethylbutyramide
BUTYRAMIDE, .ALPHA.,.GAMMA.-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-.BETA.,.BETA.-DIMETHYL-
BUTYRAMIDE, 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYL-, (+/-)-
