PAPEMP

POLYAMINO POLYETHER METHYLENE PHOSPHONATE

CAS Number: 130668–24–5
EC Number: 682-650-0
Structural Formula: CH2(OCH2CH)nCH3NCH2CH2P(OH)2P(OH)2OOHCCH3NCH2CH2(HO)2P(HO)2POO
Molecular Weight: About 600

PAPEMP also effectively restrain the Si scale from a formation and stabilize the ions such as Mn, and Fe to form chelating compounds.
PAPEMP also has a good tolerance to high temperature, high turbidity, high salt concentration, and high chlorine (Cl– and Br–) concentration. 

PAPEMP can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system in situations of high hardness, high alkali, and high pH value.
PAPEMP can be used as a scale inhibitor for a reverse osmosis system and a multistep flash vaporization system.

PAPEMP can significantly inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation from the aqueous solution by modifying the crystal morphology
PAPEMP is a new kind of water treatment agent. 

PAPEMP has high chelation and dispersion effects, high value of calcium tolerance, and good scale inhibition effects. 
PAPEMP can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system in situations of high hardness, high alkali and high pH value. 

PAPEMP has excellent scale inhibition ability to calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate. 
PAPEMP can efficiently inhibit the formation of silica scale, stabilize metal ions such as Zn, Mn and Fe.
PAPEMP can be used as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis system and multistep flash vaporization system in which high salt concentration, high turbidity and high temperature are usually encountered (such as high temperature and high turbidity in coal vaporization system), accessory agent for woven & dyeing (for example, yellow turnback inhibition agent), as alternatives of EDTA, DTPA and NTA.

PAPEMP is a new kind of water treatment agent. 
PAPEMP has high chelation and dispersion effects, high value of calcium tolerance, and good scale inhibition effects.  

PAPEMP can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system in situations of high hardness, high alkali and high pH value. 
PAPEMP inhibits scale formation of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate.  

The new calcium carbonate inhibitor is PAPEMP. 
One of the particular advantages of the PAPEMP molecule is PAPEMP exceptional calcium tolerance. 

Calcium tolerance is a measure of a chemical compound’s ability to remain soluble in the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+) under both high pH and high temperature, such as in geothermal brines. 
As pH and temperature increases, calcium tolerance decreases rapidly for traditional CaCO3 threshold inhibitors, e.g., 1-hydroxy ethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), amino tri (methylene phosphonic acid) (AMP), and polyacrylic acid. 

The X-axis in this figure is the amount of HEDP as PPM needed to form precipitation in a water containing 10,000 PPM of Calcium ions. 
The data for temperature curve was collected at pH 9, while the pH curve represents data at 250°F. 
At higher temperature and/or higher pH, PAPEMP requires

PAPEMP is a very effective inhibitor in preventing CaCO3 precipitation. 
The extraordinary affinity of PAPEMP towards CaCO3 surfaces and PAPEMP excellent tolerance of calcium materials make this polymer excellent in inhibiting the growth of CaCO3 crystal. 

Investigation of CaCO3 scale inhibition by PAA, ATMP and PAPEMP Calcium carbonate scale inhibition by three inhibitors, polyacrylic acid (PAA), aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP) and polyamino polyether methylenephosphonate (PAPEMP), has been investigated by the bubbling method, and the calcium carbonate scales formed in the absence and presence of inhibitors have been examined by SEM and XRD. 
PAPEMP was found that ATMP shows “threshold effect” in the inhibition of CaCO3 scale, and the inhibition behavior of PAPEMP is similar to that of PAA: the “threshold effect” is not observed. 

In the presence of inhibitors, the normal growth of calcium carbonate is disturbed, and in the presence of PAPEMP, the scale morphology is similar to that in the presence of ATMP. 
The vaterite phase is effectively stabilized kinetically in the presence of PAA.
ATMP takes second place, and PAPEMP can hardly stabilize kinetically the vaterite phase

In recent years, the percentage of oil production from more challenging environments has increased. 
In addition to the numerous engineering and logistical difficulties of working at increased depth, temperature and pressure these production zones provide a harsh environment deleterious to the performance of some critical oilfield chemicals. 

Scale inhibitors are one class of oil field chemicals which are deployed through squeeze treatments into the formation and/or continuous downhole injection for protection of production tubulars. 
As well depths continue to increase, the exposure time of the injected chemicals also increases. 
With temperatures in the range of 180-200 °C and pressures exceeding 10,000 psi, the effect of elevated temperature and pressure on scale inhibitor performance is a critical parameter to evaluate using chemical analytical techniques and product performance methods.

Another trend leading to increased thermal exposure is the use of thermal enhanced recovery techniques. 
Scale inhibitors are exposed to high temperatures in operations such as steam flooding and steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD).

In this study, a range of chemicals have been evaluated for their short and medium-term thermal stability at 180 and 200 °C. 
The primary application of this data is for downhole injection and squeeze treatments prior to adsorption. 
Inhibitor chemical types include sulfonated polycarboxylic acid (SPCA), fluorescent tagged sulfonated polycarboxylic acid (FSPCA), phosphorous tagged sulfonated polycarboxylic acid (PSPCA), sulfonated polyacrylocarboxylic acid (SPAC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyvinyl sulfonate (PVS), polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate (PAPEMP), bis(hexamethylene)triamine pentakis(methylene phosphonic acid) (BHTPMP) and diethylenetriamine pentakis(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP). 

In most cases the sodium or potassium salts of the inhibitors are used.
The chemical effect of temperature on scale inhibitors is measured through molecular weight determination, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pH change, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. 

The performance of these inhibitors is measured under static and dynamic conditions for inhibition of barium sulfate scale. 
These results help to further the knowledge of inhibitor degradation due to thermal effects and indicate the direction for further product development of thermally stable scale inhibitors.

Deposition of unwanted materials, including mineral scales, suspended matter, microbiological growth, and corrosion products, continues to plague the operation of industrial water systems. 
This article presents performance data on PAPEMP on various mineral scales commonly encountered in boiler, cooling, desalination, geothermal, gas, and oil systems.
Water that is available for domestic and industrial applications typically contains many impurities. 

These impurities are generally classified in five broad categories:
Dissolved inorganic compounds (i.e., carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and fluorides of calcium, magnesium, barium, and strontium.

Small amounts of copper [Cu], iron [Fe], and manganese [Mn]).
And other substances.

Dissolved gases (e.g., oxygen [O2], nitrogen [N2], carbon dioxide [CO2], and hydrogen sulfide [H2S])
Suspended matter (e.g., clay, silt, fat, and oil)

Soluble organic compounds (e.g., humic acid, fulvic acid, and tannic acid)
Microorganisms (e.g., algae, bacteria, and fungi)

The accumulation of unwanted deposits on equipment surfaces is a phenomenon that occurs in virtually all processes in which untreated water is heated. 
The deposition of these materials, especially on heat exchanger surfaces in boiler, cooling, geothermal, and distillation systems, can cause a number of operational problems such as plugged pipes and pumps, inefficient use of water treatment chemicals, increased operational costs, lost production due to system downtime, and ultimately heat exchanger failure.
Greater water conservation has been a driver for operating industrial water systems at higher concentration cycles, which increases the potential for deposit buildup on heat exchanger surfaces. 

Uses of PAPEMP:
The good adaption to different situations enables PAPEMP widely used in boiler, cooling water system and oilfield reinjection water as antiscalant and corrosion inhibitor.

PAPEMP is a new kind of scale inhibitor for industrial water treatment. 
PAPEMP has high chelation and dispersion effect with high value of calcium tolerance and scale inhibition effect. 
PAPEMP can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cooling water system and oilfield of high hardness including calcium magnesium and barium sulfate scale inhibitor. 

PAPEMP is stable in aqueous solution under a wide range of pH, temperature and pressure.
Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate widens the operational conditions available with today’s standard technology by allowing operations with hard water at higher pH levels and greater salt concentrations. 

PAPEMP is possible to operate at up to 300X calcite saturation because of PAPEMP excellent calcium tolerance. 
As a result PAPEMP controls up to three times as much calcium carbonate as ATMP or PBTC (operating at up to 100x calcite saturation).

The dosage of 5-100mg/L is preferred. 
Different from other water treatment agents, the more quantity is, the better the effect. 
PAPEMP can be used with polycarboxylic acids.

Applications of PAPEMP:
PAPEMP has excellent scale inhibition ability to calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate.
PAPEMP can efficiently inhibit the formation of silica scale,stabilize metal ions such as Zn, Mn and Fe. 

PAPEMP effectively chelates metal ions including calcium, magnesium, iron and copper.
PAPEMP can be used as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis system and multi-step flash vaporization system in which high salt concentration, high turbidity and high temperature are usually encountered (such as high temperature and high turbidity in coal vaporization system), accessory agent for woven & dyeing (for example, yellow turn back inhibition agent), as alternatives of EDTA, DTPA and NTA .

Experimental Protocols of PAPEMP:
All chemicals were obtained from commercial sources. 
They include AMP, HEDP, PBTC, 2-hydroxyphosphono acetic acid (HPA), PAPEMP, and polyacrylic acid (PAA). 

Detailed procedures for reagents solution preparation.
Percent inhibition (%I) calculation for calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4•2H2O), CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2, and Fe3+ stabilization.
And instruments used are reported elsewhere.

Properties of PAPEMP:
PAPEMP performs excellently in the condition of high hardness and pH as a new antiscalant and corrosion inhibitor. 
With high calcium tolerance, PAPEMP scale inhibition ability is also high, particularly for CaCO3, CaPO4, and CaSO4.

PAPEMP is very effective in preventing calcium carbonate precipitation at high supersaturation and high pH. 
The inhibition of calcium carbonate crystallization in the presence of PAPEMP at both low and high supersaturation was studied and then compared to the inhibitory ability of hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP). 

Manufacturing of PAPEMP:
PAPEMP production process consists of 4 steps.
Phosphorus acid is input into the reactor and PAPEMP pH is adjusted by HCl.

Polyetheramine is instilled and the reaction starts while the reactor is heated.
Formaldehyde is input a few hours later.
The reactor will be further heated and steamed for more hours.

For the same reason, PAPEMP is also applied in RO and multistep flash system. 
Recommend dosage is 5-100 ml/L. 

Unlike other organophosphonates, there is no optimum dosage for PAPEMP. 
Higher the dosage, better the effect.

PAPEMP Package and Storage of PAPEMP:
Normally In 250kg net Plastic Drum, IBC drum can also be used as required. 
Storage for ten months in room shady and dry place.

Identifiers of PAPEMP:
Molecular weight: about 600
Structural Formula: CH2(OCH2CH)nCH3NCH2CH2P(OH)2P(OH)2OOHCCH3NCH2CH2(HO)2P(HO)2POO
Product Use: Scale and corrosion inhibitor intermediate
Chemical Name: Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid

Typical Properties of PAPEMP:
Appearance: Amber transparent liquid
Solid content %: 45.0min
Active component (PAPEMP) ％: 40.0min
Phosphoric acid (as PO43-)%: 1.0max
Density （20℃）g/cm3: 1.20±0.05
pH（1％ solution: 2.0±0.5

Specifications of PAPEMP:
Appearance: Amber transparent liquid
Solid content, %: 40.0 Min.
Active content (as PAPEMP), %: 36.0 Min.
Phosphorous acid (as PO33-), %: 2.5 Max.
Phosphorous acid (as PO43-), %: 1.0 Max.
pH (1% solution): 1.50~2.50
Density (20℃) ,g/cm3: 1.15~1.25

Synonyms of PAPEMP:
Mayoquest 2200
polyamino polyéther méthylène phosphonate
C4H6NO3(C4H5NO3)NC4H6NO4
poly-amino poly-ether methylenephosphonic
C4H6NO3(C4H5NO3)NC4H6NO4