PARATHION-METHYL

Parathion-methyl is used as an insecticide on crops, including cotton.
Parathion-methyl is used to control chewing and sucking insects, and mites.

CAS Number: 298-00-0     
EC Number: 206-050-1
Chemical formula: C8H10NO5PS / (CH3O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2
Molar mass: 263.2 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
O,O-Dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenylphosphorothioate, Azophos, Methyl parathion, O,O-Dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, O,O-Dimethyl-p-nitrophenylthionophosphate, Parathion-methyl, METHYL PARATHION, 298-00-0, Methylparathion, Dimethyl parathion, Parathion methyl, Metacide, Metaphos, Metron, Dalf, Metafos, Vofatox, Wofatox, Folidol M, Cekumethion, Methylthiophos, Oleovofotox, Thiophenit, Azophos, Devithion, Paratox, Paratuf, Quinophos, Tekwaisa, Azofos, Meptox, Yphos, Metacid 50, Nitrox 80, M-Parathion, Partron M, Penncap MLS, metacid, Metron (pesticide), Mepaton, Kilex parathion, Methyl fosferno, Folidol 600, Folidol M-40, Me-parathion, Methyl niran, Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester, Sinafid M-48, Penncap-M, Bladan-M, Parton-M, Methyl-E 605, O,O-Dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, Parathion methyl homolog, Dimethyl p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate, Folidol-80, Wofatox 80, Fosferno M 50, Metafos (pesticide), Parapest M-50, Metyloparation, Metylparation, Folidol M 50, Thylpar M-50, Wofatox 50 EC, Metacide (insecticide), Parathion-metile, Methyl 1605, O,O-Dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) thionophosphate, A-GRO, Bladan M, DTXSID1020855, RCRA waste number P071, Dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate, Drexel methyl parathion 4E, Me 605SP, 8056HC, BAY 11405, Parataf, Wofotox, Dimethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate, BAY E-601, EPA Shaughnessy Code: 053501, NCI-C02971, Penncap M, p-Nitrophenyldimethylthionophosphate, Dimethyl-p-nitrophenyl thionphosphate, ME 605, ENT 17,292, Dimethyl p-nitrophenyl monothiophosphate, O,O-Dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, 41BCL2O91D, O,O-Dimethyl O-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate, E 601, o,o-Dimethyl o-(4-nitrophenyl) thiophosphate, dimethyl p-nitrophenyl thionophosphate, O,O-Dimethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, O,O-Dimethyl-O-p-nitrofenylthiofosfat, M40 & 80, DTXCID30855, Phosphorothioic acid, o,o-dimethyl-o-p-nitrophenyl ester, Phenol, p-nitro-, O-ester with O,O-dimethylphosphorothioate, Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) ester, BAY E 601, CHEBI:38746, O,O-Dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, Phenol, p-nitro-, O-ester with O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate, O,O-Dimethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-thionophosphat, O,O-Dimethyl-O-(p-nitrophenyl)-thionophosphat, O,O-Dimetil-O-(4-nitro-fenil)-monotiofosfato, O,O-Dimethyl-O-(4-nitro-fenyl)-monothiofosfaat, O,O-Dimethyl-O-(4-nitro-phenyl)-monothiophosphat, BAY-11405, O,O-Dimethyl-O-p-nitrofenylester kyseliny thiofosforecne, Thiophosphate de O,O-dimethyle et de O-(4-nitrophenyle), Folidol-M, O,O-Dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) thiophosphate, liquid, Metaphor, Dalif, Metilparation, RefChem:818016, O,O-DIMETHYL-O-P-NITROPHENYLPHOSPHOROTHIOATE, 206-050-1, Demethylfenitrothion, methyl parathione, C8H10NO5PS, Caswell No. 372, Metylparation [Czech], Metyloparation [Polish], Methyl-bladan, Methyl-parathion, Metilparation (Hungarian), Parathion-metile [Italian], CAS-298-00-0, CCRIS 405, Parathion-methyl [BSI:ISO], HSDB 1168, Parathion-methyl [ISO], EINECS 206-050-1, RCRA waste no. P071, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 053501, BRN 1914724, UNII-41BCL2O91D, AI3-17292, O,O-Dimethyl-O-p-nitrofenylthiofosfat [Czech], O,O-Dimethyl-O-(4-nitro-fenyl)-monothiofosfaat [Dutch], O,O-Dimethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-thionophosphat [German], O,O-Dimethyl-O-(p-nitrophenyl)-thionophosphat [German], O,O-Dimetil-O-(4-nitro-fenil)-monotiofosfato [Italian], Spectrum_001763, Methyl parathion, solid, O,O-Dimethyl-O-(4-nitro-phenyl)-monothiophosphat [German], SpecPlus_000348, Methyl parathion, liquid, Parathion-methyl 100 microg/mL in Acetone, O,O-Dimethyl-O-p-nitrofenylester kyseliny thiofosforecne [Czech], Spectrum2_001849, Spectrum3_000804, Spectrum4_000644, Spectrum5_001922, Thiophosphate de O,O-dimethyle et de O-(4-nitrophenyle) [French], SCHEMBL75215, BSPBio_002267, KBioGR_000987, KBioSS_002244, SPECTRUM330010, 4-06-00-01336 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS002454415, DivK1c_006444, METHYL PARATHION [MI], SPBio_001638, CHEMBL346516, METHYL PARATHION [IARC], PARATHION-METHYL [HSDB], KBio1_001388, KBio2_002243, KBio2_004811, KBio2_007379, KBio3_001767, dimethoxy-(4-nitrophenoxy)-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane, OMS 213, MSK20140, Tox21_202303, Tox21_300998, CCG-39387, ENT 17292, MFCD00041813, Parathion-methyl, analytical standard, AKOS015897269, Dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, NCGC00091101-01, NCGC00091101-02, NCGC00091101-03, NCGC00091101-04, NCGC00091101-05, NCGC00091101-06, NCGC00091101-07, NCGC00091101-08, NCGC00254900-01, NCGC00259852-01, SMR000778017, DB-047652, Parathion-methyl 100 microg/mL in Toluene, NS00003145, Parathion-methyl 1000 microg/mL in Acetone, Parathion-methyl 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane, Methyl parathion, liquid [NA3018] [Poison], Methyl parathion, solid [NA2783] [Poison], O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate, Parathion-methyl 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, O,O-Dimethyl o-(4-nitrophenyl) thiophosphate #, Q421693, dimethoxy-(4-nitrophenoxy)-thioxo-lambda5-phosphane, Parathion-methyl, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, Phosphorothioic acid,o,o-di(methyl-d3)o-(4-nitrophenyl)ester(9ci), PARATHION-METHYL D6, METHYL PARATHION-D6, METHYL PARATHION-D6 (DIMETHYL-D6),parathion-methyl d6 (dimethyl d6), Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester, Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) ester, Azofos, Azophos, BAY 11405, Dimethyl p-Nitrophenyl phosphorothionate, Dimethyl p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate, Dimethyl parathion, Dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate, DALF, Folidol M, Folidol M-40, M-Parathion, Meptox, Metacid 50, Metacide, Metaphos, Methyl-E 605, Methylthiophos, Metron, Metron (pesticide), Nitrox, Nitrox 80, O,O-Dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, O,O-Dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) thionophosphate, O,O-Dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) thiophosphate, Parathion methyl, Parathion methyl homolog, Penncap M, Sinafid M-48, Thiophenit, Vofatox, Wofatox, Wofotox, 8056HC, O,O-Dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, Bladan M, Cekumethion, Devithion, ENT 17292, Methyl-bladan, OMS 213, Parataf, Paratox, Partron M, Tekwaisa, Penncap MLS, Dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, Quinophos, Yphos, Paratuf, Folidol 600, Metafos, Oleovofotox, O,O-dimethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl) thiophosphate, O,O-Dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, Methyl parathion, Parathion methyl, Paratuf, Penncap M, Penncap MLS, Probel MP 2, Quinophos, Sinafid M 48, Thiophenit, Vofatox, Wofatox, Yphos, 8056HC, Azofos, Azophos,Azophos (pesticide), BAY 11405, Bravik, Bravik 600CE, Dalf, Demethylfenitrothion, Dimethyl 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphorothioate, Dimethyl p-Nitrophenyl Phosphorothionate, Dimethyl p-Nitrophenyl Thiophosphate, Dimethyl Parathion, Folidol 600, Folidol M, Folidol M 40, Folidol M 50, Folisuper 600BR, M-Parathion, ME 1605, ME 605, Me 605SP, Mentox 600CE, Meptox, Metacid, Metacid 50, Metacide, Metacide (insecticide), Metafos, Metafos (pesticide), Metaphos, Methion 48EC, Methyl 1605, Methyl 4E, Methyl Bladan, Methyl E 605, Methyl Parathion, Methylthiophos, Metron, Metron (pesticide), Morphos, Nitrox, Nitrox 80, O,O-Dimethyl O-(4-Nitrophenyl) Phosphorothioate, O,O-Dimethyl, azophos, O,O-dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenylphosphorothioate, parathion methyl, phosphorothioic acid O,O-dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) ester

Parathion-methyl is a non-systemic organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide.
Parathion-methyl is a synthetic organophosphorus insecticide that was widely used for agricultural pest control on crops such as cotton, rice, wheat, fruit trees, and vegetables.
Parathion-methyl belongs to the phosphorothioate class of organophosphate pesticides and acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an essential enzyme for nerve function in insects.

Parathion-methyl, or methyl parathion, is an organophosphate insecticide, possessing an organothiophosphate group.
Parathion-methyl is structurally very similar to parathion-ethyl.
Parathion-methyl is not allowed for sale and import in nearly all countries around the world, while a few allow it under subject to specified conditions only.

Parathion-methyl is a white crystalline solid which is often dissolved in a liquid solvent carrier.
The commercial product, Parathion-methyl, is a tan liquid (xylene solution) with a pungent odor.
Parathion-methyl is slightly soluble to insoluble in water.

Parathion-methyl is a C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.
Parathion-methyl is an organothiophosphate insecticide, a C-nitro compound and an organic thiophosphate.
Parathion-methyl is functionally related to a 4-nitrophenol.

Parathion-methyl is a synthetic organic thiophosphate compound and organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is the methyl homolog of parathion and is used as a pesticide.
Parathion-methyl is characterized as a colorless to white or tan crystalline solid that is odorless or has a pungent garlic-like odor.

Parathion-methyl is an organophosphate compound insecticide.
Parathion-methyl is a pesticide that is used to kill insects on crops.
Usually, it is sprayed on the crops.

Parathion-methyl comes in two forms: a pure form of white crystals and a technical-grade solution (brownish liquid), which contains methyl parathion (80%) and inactive ingredients in a solvent.
The technical-grade Parathion-methyl smells like rotten eggs or garlic.

Parathion-methyl is a manufactured chemical, so it is found in the environment only as a result of its manufacture or use.
Parathion-methyl is a critical organophosphate insecticide used in agriculture.

USES and APPLICATIONS of PARATHION-METHYL:
Parathion-methyl is used to control chewing and sucking insects, and mites.
Historically, parathion-methyl was extensively used as a broad-spectrum agricultural insecticide.
Parathion-methyl was applied to cotton, rice, wheat, maize, fruit orchards, citrus trees, vegetables, and ornamental plants to control aphids, caterpillars, beetles, leafhoppers, and other destructive insects.

Parathion-methyl was valued because it acted rapidly against numerous insect species and provided effective protection with relatively low application rates.
Its ability to work through contact, ingestion, and respiratory exposure made Parathion-methyl effective against pests with different feeding behaviors.
Today, parathion-methyl is mainly encountered in environmental monitoring, toxicological research, analytical chemistry, pesticide residue studies, and historical evaluations of pesticide management practices.

Parathion-methyl is used as an insecticide on crops, including cotton.
Parathion-methyl is an insecticide that does not occur naturally in the environment.
Pure Parathion-methyl exists as white crystals.

Impure Parathion-methyl is a brownish liquid that smells like rotten eggs.
Parathion-methyl is used to kill insects on farm crops, especially cotton.
The EPA now restricts how Parathion-methyl can be used and applied; only trained people are allowed to spray it.

Parathion-methyl can no longer be used on food crops commonly consumed by children.
Parathion-methyl is used to kill insects on farm crops, especially cotton.
Parathion-methyl is used as an insecticide.

 
BENEFITS AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS of PARATHION-METHYL:
Parathion-methyl demonstrated several characteristics that historically made it attractive as an insecticide.
Parathion-methyl provided broad-spectrum insect control across numerous crop systems, worked rapidly after application, penetrated insect cuticles effectively, and remained sufficiently stable during storage before use.

Parathion-methyl's moderate persistence allowed effective pest control without remaining indefinitely in the environment, although this advantage was outweighed by its severe toxicity risks.
Despite these performance characteristics, Parathion-methyl offers no health benefit to humans, and its agricultural advantages are now generally considered insufficient to justify its risks where safer alternatives exist.

MECHANISM OF ACTION of PARATHION-METHYL:
Parathion-methyl inhibits acetylcholinesterase after metabolic activation to methyl paraoxon.
The inhibited enzyme can no longer break down acetylcholine, causing excessive stimulation of nerves.
In insects, this results in paralysis, tremors, respiratory failure, and death.

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS of PARATHION-METHYL:
Parathion-methyl belongs to the organophosphate phosphorothioate family.
The sulfur atom attached to phosphorus distinguishes Parathion-methyl from oxon metabolites.
Inside insects and mammals, metabolic oxidation can convert parathion-methyl into methyl paraoxon, a significantly more toxic metabolite that strongly inhibits acetylcholinesterase.
Parathion-methyl acts as a contact, stomach, and respiratory poison for insects.
Because it requires metabolic activation, Parathion-methyl functions as a pro-insecticide whose toxicity increases after enzymatic conversion within living organisms.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS of PARATHION-METHYL:
Parathion-methyl is a moderately lipophilic compound, allowing it to penetrate insect cuticles efficiently.
The relatively high log Kow indicates that Parathion-methyl has some tendency to partition into organic matter and biological tissues, although it is less persistent than highly lipophilic organochlorine pesticides.

Parathion-methyl undergoes hydrolysis more rapidly under alkaline conditions, while acidic environments slow its degradation.
In the environment, parathion-methyl can adsorb to soil particles, reducing mobility in some soil types.
Parathion-methyl is susceptible to microbial degradation, which contributes to its environmental breakdown.
Sunlight also accelerates degradation through photochemical reactions, shortening Parathion-methyl's persistence under field conditions.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PARATHION-METHYL:
CAS Number: 298-00-0
EC Number: 015-035-00-7
Chemical formula: (CH3O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2
Molar mass: 263.2 g/mol
Appearance: White to tan, crystalline solid or powder
Odor: pungent, garlic-like
Density: 1.36 g/mL (20°C)
Melting point: 37 °C; 99 °F; 310 K
Boiling point: 143 °C; 289 °F; 416 K
Solubility in water: 0.006% (25°C)
Vapor pressure: 0.00001 mmHg (20°C)
Molecular Weight: 263.21 g/mol

XLogP3: 2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 263.00173059 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 263.00173059 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 106 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 16
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 279
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical Name: Parathion-methyl
IUPAC Name: O,O-Dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate
Common Name: Methyl Parathion
CAS Number: 298-00-0
EC Number: 206-050-1
Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₀NO₅PS
Molecular Weight: 263.21 g/mol

Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline solid
Physical State: Solid
Color: White, cream, or pale yellow
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
Molecular Weight: 263.21 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₀NO₅PS
Melting Point: 35–37°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before normal boiling
Density: Approximately 1.35 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure: Very low at room temperature
Water Solubility: Low (approximately 50–60 mg/L at 20–25°C)
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Highly soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, and xylene

Log Kow: Approximately 2.8–3.0
Flash Point: Above 100°C (decomposes)
Autoignition: Not readily self-igniting
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Hydrolysis: Faster in alkaline solutions
Photodegradation: Degrades gradually under sunlight
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C8H10NO5PS
CAS Number: 298-00-0
Molecular Weight: 263.21
UNSPSC Code: 41116107
NACRES: NA.24
PubChem Substance ID: 329755329
EC Number: 206-050-1
Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 8905814
MDL number: MFCD00041813

FIRST AID MEASURES of PARATHION-METHYL:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PARATHION-METHYL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PARATHION-METHYL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PARATHION-METHYL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of PARATHION-METHYL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PARATHION-METHYL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

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