PC PROPYLENE CARBONATE

PC Propylene carbonate is a clear, colorless solvent with a high boiling point and low vapor pressure.
PC Propylene carbonate's low viscosity allows it to flow readily and be incorporated into liquid formulations. 
PC Propylene carbonate dissolves a range of organic and inorganic materials and absorbs moisture from the surrounding air. 

CAS Number: 108-32-7
EC Number: 203-572-1
Molecular Formula: C4H6O3
Molecular Weight: 102.09

Synonyms: Arconate 5000, Texacar PC, Cyclic PC Propylene carbonate, 1,2-Propanediol carbonate, 1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-, Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate, DiPC Propylene carbonate, 1-Methylethylene carbonate, 1,2-Propanediyl carbonate, Cyclic 1,2-PC Propylene carbonate, Cyclic methylethylene carbonate, 4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane, Carbonic acid, propylene ester, Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite, DTXSID2026789, Carbonic acid cyclic methylethylene ester, Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ether, NSC-11784, 8D08K3S51E, DTXCID006789, RefChem:6175, 203-572-1, (R)-(+)-PC Propylene carbonate, 4-Methyldioxalone-2, Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ester, NSC 11784, Propylenecarbonate, 99%, PC Propylene carbonate [NF], PC Propylene carbonate (NF), WLN: T5OVOTJ D, CAS-108-32-7, HSDB 6806, PC-HP, EINECS 203-572-1, MFCD00005385, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite [Czech], BRN 0107913, UNII-8D08K3S51E, AI3-19724, propylenecarbonate, Solvenon PC, propylen carbonate, PC Propylene carbonate(PC), Tenofovir Impurity 224, PC Propylene carbonate, Arconate PC Propylene carbonate, EC 203-572-1, SCHEMBL15309, 5-19-04-00021 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), R-1,2-Propanediol carbonate, SCHEMBL253584, SCHEMBL905652, 1-propanediol cyclic carbonate, orb3023600, SCHEMBL9179119, (S)-1,2-Propanediol carbonate, CHEMBL1733973, PC Propylene carbonate [II], 2-Oxo-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,2-PDC, 4-methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one, NSC1913, CHEBI:231185, PC Propylene carbonate [HSDB], PC Propylene carbonate [VANDF], 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate, 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, NSC-1913, NSC11784, PC Propylene carbonate (Battery grade), PC Propylene carbonate [MART.], Tox21_202047, Tox21_303214, MSK162976, PC Propylene carbonate [USP-RS], TN9412, AKOS009158417, (S)-1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate, FP40326, MSK162976-100M, SB66353, PC Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, 99.7%, NCGC00165974-01, NCGC00165974-02, NCGC00256995-01, NCGC00259596-01, PC Propylene carbonate, for HPLC, 99.7%, BP-30108, BP-31155, DB-018081, PC Propylene carbonate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, CS-0076373, NS00004305, P0525, D05633, EN300-296359, F044922, PC Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, Water 50ppm Max., PC Propylene carbonate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%, Q415979, PC Propylene carbonate Solution in Methanol, 100ug/mL, PC Propylene carbonate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, F0001-0165, PC Propylene carbonate, >=99%, acid <10 ppm, H2O <10 ppm, PC Propylene carbonate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

PC Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate solvent that appears as a clear, mobile, hygroscopic liquid at room temperature.
PC Propylene carbonate offers effective solvency for various organic and inorganic materials, making it useful in coatings, adhesives, sealants, cleaners, and degreasers.

PC Propylene carbonate can also serve as a reactive diluent and viscosity modifier to support formulation performance.
PC Propylene carbonates are used in battery electrolytes and other applications requiring low levels of water and impurities.
PC Propylene carbonate is identified by CAS number 108-32-7.

PC Propylene carbonate is a polar aprotic solvent used as a "green" sustainable alternative solvent for chemical transformations.
PC Propylene carbonate is a low toxicity, biodegradable, non-corrosive colorless liquid with a steep boiling point.

PC Propylene carbonate also has strong stability against reduction as well as a strong dielectric constant, and thereby PC or PC-based mixed solvent systems have been successfully employed as a solvent in primary lithium cells using metallic lithium as negative electrodes.

Due to its low vapor pressure and findings of negligible photochemical reactivity, PC Propylene carbonate is an effective substitute for other hazardous solvents such a MEK, methylene chloride, toluene, acetone, NMP, and perchloroethylene.
PC Propylene carbonate is also compatible with different solvents, providing an efficient ingredient in co-solvent formulations.
PC Propylene carbonate is widely used in the manufacture of paints, adhesives, coatings, surface cleaners, degreasers, strippers, and inks formulations as well as in lithium-ion batteries, as electrolytic solvent, and in the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas.

Besides, PC Propylene carbonate is also an ingredient that is used in cosmetics and skincare products.
In those products, PC Propylene carbonate primarily functions as a solvent, meaning that it dissolves different ingredients.

PC Propylene carbonate is typically used at concentrations ranging from less than 0.1% to 5%.
PC Propylene carbonate is used in the formulation of makeup, primarily lipstick, eye shadow, and mascara, as well as in skin cleansing products.

PC Propylene carbonate is a high-purity cyclic carbonate solvent recognized for its strong polarity, high boiling point and excellent solvency.
PC Propylene carbonate is a clear, colorless and nearly odorless liquid that dissolves many polymers, resins, salts and organic compounds.

Decomposition of PC Propylene carbonate on the graphite electrode in lithium batteries results in the formation of a lithium intercalated compound.
PC Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate that is commonly used as a solvent and as a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis.

PC Propylene carbonate is being considered as a potential electrochemical solvent due to its low vapor pressure, high dielectric constant and high chemical stability.
PC Propylene carbonate is a PU-plasticizer and it is VOC-free clear polar solvent having high boiling and flashpoints.

PC Propylene carbonate is a carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol with the peculiarity to have a low order of toxicity and a mild ether-like odor.
PC Propylene carbonate is stable under most conditions and it is not hydroscopic or corrosive.

PC Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate solvent supplied as a clear, mobile, hygroscopic liquid at room temperature.
PC Propylene carbonate provides effective solvency for a wide range of organic and inorganic materials, making it a versatile ingredient in industrial formulations.

In coatings, adhesives, and sealants, PC Propylene carbonate helps dissolve formulation components and can function as a reactive diluent, resin modifier, or viscosity modifier.
PC Propylene carbonate's solvent properties also support applications in surface cleaners and degreasers.

Other industrial uses include carbon dioxide absorption, dyestuff processing, and applications involving plastics and fibers.
High-purity grades are used in electrolyte formulations for batteries and supercapacitors, where control of water, glycol, and other contaminants is important.

PC Propylene carbonate is also used in photoresist removal applications.
PC Propylene carbonate belongs to the carbonate chemical family and is identified by CAS number 108-32-7.

Applications of PC Propylene Carbonate:
PC Propylene carbonate is used as a solvent in coatings, adhesives, and sealants to support component dissolution and viscosity adjustment.
PC Propylene carbonate is also applied in surface cleaners, degreasers, and the processing of dyestuffs, plastics, and fibers.

In gas treatment, PC Propylene carbonate serves as a solvent for carbon dioxide absorption.
High-purity grades are used in battery and supercapacitor electrolytes, as well as photoresist removal applications where low moisture and impurity levels are important.

PC Propylene carbonate is used as a solvent in surface coatings, paint removers, cosmetics, personal care products, cleaners, degreasers, dyes, fibers, plastics, wood-binder resins, and photochromic solutions.
PC Propylene carbonate is also used as a solvent to bake enamels, a reactive diluent for urethanes and epoxy resins, a dispersant for lubricants and greases, a binder for foundry sand and moulds, a cleaner in electronics, and as a water scavenger.

PC Propylene carbonate is used as a dispersant for plasticizers, spinning solvents, water-soluble dyes and plastics.
PC Propylene carbonate is used as a solvent for synthetic fibers and other polymers, also as an extractant, plasticizer, etc.

Coatings, Adhesives, and Sealants:
PC Propylene carbonate acts as a solvent in coatings, adhesives, and sealants, helping dissolve formulation components and adjust viscosity.
PC Propylene carbonate can also function as a reactive diluent or resin modifier, depending on the formulation.
These functions allow formulators to incorporate it where solvent compatibility and product consistency are important.

Cleaning and Degreasing:
PC Propylene carbonate is used in surface cleaners and industrial degreasers because of its solvency for various organic and inorganic materials.
PC Propylene carbonate serves as a solvent component in cleaning formulations designed to dissolve and remove unwanted residues.

Dyestuff, Plastics, and Fiber Processing:
PC Propylene carbonate serves as a solvent in industrial applications involving dyestuffs, plastics, and fibers.
PC Propylene carbonate's ability to dissolve different materials makes it useful as a processing medium or formulation component.
PC Propylene carbonate's suitability depends on the solubility and compatibility requirements of the specific process.

Gas Treatment:
PC Propylene carbonate is used as an absorption solvent for carbon dioxide removal in gas treatment applications.
In this role, PC Propylene carbonate provides a liquid medium for absorbing carbon dioxide from a gas stream.
The operating conditions and solvent requirements depend on the gas treatment process.

Battery and Supercapacitor Electrolytes:
High-purity PC Propylene carbonate serves as a solvent in electrolyte formulations for batteries and supercapacitors.
These grades are manufactured with low levels of water, glycol, and other contaminants to meet demanding formulation requirements.
The selected grade must match the electrolyte system’s purity and compatibility specifications.

Photoresist Removal:
High-purity PC Propylene carbonate is used as a solvent in photoresist removal applications.
PC Propylene carbonate is suitable for formulations requiring careful control of moisture and other impurities.
PC Propylene carbonate's use depends on compatibility with the photoresist material and the substrate being processed.

Industry Uses:
Dispersing agent
Conductive agent
Solvent
Other
Monomers
Plating agent
Cleaning agent
Viscosity modifiers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Waterproofing agent
Filler
Diluent
Ion exchange agent
Etching agent
Chelating agent
Surface modifier

Consumer Uses:
Monomers
Conductive agent
Solvent
Other
Cleaning agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Filler
Viscosity modifiers

Production of PC Propylene Carbonate:
PC Propylene carbonate is produced by the catalytic reaction of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide.
This cycloaddition reaction opens the epoxide ring and incorporates carbon dioxide to form the five-membered cyclic carbonate structure.

A suitable catalyst promotes the reaction, with operating conditions depending on the catalyst and process design.
After synthesis, separation and purification steps remove the catalyst, unreacted materials, and impurities to obtain the required product grade.

Although many organic carbonates are produced using phosgene, propylene and ethylene carbonates are exceptions.

They are mainly prepared by the carbonation of the epoxides (epoxypropane, or propylene oxide here):
CH3CHCH2O + CO2 → CH3C2H3O2CO

The corresponding reaction of 1,2-propanediol with phosgene is complex, yielding not only PC Propylene carbonate but also oligomeric products.
PC Propylene carbonate can also be synthesized from urea and propylene glycol over zinc acetate.

Synthesis of PC Propylene Carbonate:
PC Propylene carbonate is synthesized through the catalytic cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to propylene oxide.
The reaction involves opening the epoxide ring, incorporating carbon dioxide, and closing the ring to form a five-membered cyclic carbonate.

Catalyst selection determines the temperature, pressure, and reaction time needed for efficient conversion.
The resulting product is separated from the catalyst and purified to meet the required specifications. 

Reaction:
Propylene oxide + CO₂ → PC Propylene carbonate.

Stability and Reactivity of PC Propylene Carbonate:

Chemical stability:
Stable at room temperature.

Reactivity:
Intense heating may produce explosive vapor–air mixtures.

Materials to avoid:
Strong oxidizers, acids, bases, and reducing agents.

Decomposition products:
Carbon oxides.

Handling and Storage of PC Propylene Carbonate:

Safe handling:
Avoid contact and inhalation of vapors or aerosols.

Hygiene:
Wash hands and change contaminated clothing.

Storage:
Keep tightly closed at the temperature specified on the product label.

First Aid Measures of PC Propylene Carbonate:

Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.

Skin contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and rinse with water.

Eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly, remove contact lenses, and obtain medical attention.

Ingestion:
If conscious, give water and consult a physician.

Firefighting Measures of PC Propylene Carbonate:

Extinguishing media:
Water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry powder.

Hazards:
Combustible; fire may release hazardous gases.

Protection:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Accidental Release Measures of PC Propylene Carbonate:

Precautions:
Ventilate and avoid exposure.

Cleanup:
Absorb with suitable material and collect for disposal.

Environment:
Prevent entry into drains.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of PC Propylene Carbonate:

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Hands:
Wear compatible chemical-resistant gloves.

Eyes:
Wear approved eye protection.

Body:
Wear protective clothing.

Respiratory protection:
Required when vapors or aerosols are generated.

Identifiers of PC Propylene Carbonate:
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C4H6O3
CAS Number: 108-32-7
Molecular Weight: 102.09
UNSPSC Code: 12352005
NACRES: NA.21
PubChem Substance ID: 57648504
EC Number: 203-572-1
Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 107913
MDL number: MFCD00005385
Assay: 99.7%

CAS number: 108-32-7
EC / EINECS number: 203-572-1
EU index number: 607-194-00-1
Molecular formula: C4H6O3
Molecular weight: 102.09 g/mol
Chemical class: Cyclic carbonate ester.

CAS Number: 108-32-7
ChemSpider: 7636 X mark
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.248
PubChem CID: 7924
UNII: 8D08K3S51E
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2026789
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H8O6/c1-3(11-5(8)9)2-10-4(6)7/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-1
Key: ZEBXBLIKXVICMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/C5H8O6/c1-3(11-5(8)9)2-10-4(6)7/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-1
Key: ZEBXBLIKXVICMJ-REWHXWOFAP
SMILES: CC1COC(=O)O1

Properties of PC Propylene Carbonate:
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid.
Boiling point: approx. 241.8°C at atmospheric pressure.
Melting point: approx. −55°C.
Density: approx. 1.20 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Dynamic viscosity: approx. 2.5 mPa·s at 25°C.
Water solubility: approx. 175 g/L at 25°C.
Vapor pressure: approx. 0.06 hPa at 25°C.
Flash point: approx. 132°C, closed cup.
Autoignition temperature: approx. 455°C. www.merckmillipore.com
Moisture absorption: Hygroscopic.

Chemical formula: C4H6O3
Molar mass: 102.089 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.205 g/cm3
Melting point: −48.8 °C (−55.8 °F; 224.3 K)
Boiling point: 242 °C (468 °F; 515 K)
Solubility in water: Very soluble (240 g/L at 20°C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4189

Molecular Weight: 102.09 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 102.031694049 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 102.031694049 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 35.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 88.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

grade: anhydrous
Quality Segment: 100
vapor pressure: 0.13 mmHg ( 20 °C), 0.98 mmHg ( 50 °C)
assay: 99.7%
form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 851 °F
expl. lim.: 14.3 %
sustainability: Greener Alternative Product
impurities: <0.002% water, <0.005% water (100 mL pkg)
refractive index: n20/D 1.421 (lit.)
pH: 7 (20 °C, 200 g/L)
bp: 240 °C (lit.)
mp: −55 °C (lit.)
density: 1.204 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
greener alternative category: Enabling
SMILES string: CC1COC(=O)O1
InChI: 1S/C4H6O3/c1-3-2-6-4(5)7-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
InChI key: RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Specifications of PC Propylene Carbonate:
Appearance: Colorless to Light yellow clear liquid
Purity(GC): min. 98.0 %

Related Compounds of PC Propylene Carbonate:
Ethylene carbonate
Dimethyl carbonate

Names of PC Propylene Carbonate:

Preferred IUPAC name:
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one

Other names:
(RS)-4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
Cyclic PC Propylene carbonate
Carbonic acid propylene ester
Cyclic 1,2-PC Propylene carbonate
Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propanediol carbonate
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane
Arconate 5000