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EC / List no.: 500-038-2
CAS no.: 25322-68-3
PEG-4 is a polyethylene glycol used as a lightweight humectant (an ingredient which attracts and holds moisture to skin) and solvent in skin care products.
The safety of PEG in its various forms has recently been questioned.
The primary concern is that they can contain problematic impurities such as ethylene oxide and 1,4 dioxane.
Both are by-products from the manufacturing process, not something natural to any form of PEG.
Although this was once a concern, reputable cosmetic ingredient suppliers have long since eliminated these impurities from the finished ingredient, which makes PEGs safe for skin.
As for PEG-4 specifically, the independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review board has deemed it safe in its current use.
The highest concentration included in cosmetics is 20%, in some manicure preparations.
PEG-4 is classified as :
Humectant
Solvent
PEG-4 at a Glance
Type of polyethylene glycol
Used as a humectant and solvent in cosmetics
Ruled safe for use in skin care
Highest concentration (20%) is used in manicure preparations
PEG-4 is a universal-purpose surfactant used in the beauty, construction, chemical and food industries.
As an ingredient of products, it acts as a humectant, solvent, anti-electrostatic agent and lubricant.
Due to its properties and a number of advantages, the substance is readily chosen by consumers for diverse applications.
Uses:
Used as a solvent (nitrocellulose, coatings, adhesives, inks, lacquers, lubricants, metalworking fluids, and textile finishes).
Also used to extract other solvents, to soften paper tissue, and to make other chemicals.
Used as a solvent, extractant, plasticizer, humectant (natural gas), and lubricant (textiles).
Also used in cement grinding and brake fluid manufacturing.
Industrial Processes
• Metal Machining [Category: Heat or Machine]
• Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]
• Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]
• Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]
• Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]
• Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]
Plasticizer and solvent where a high boiling point and low volatility are important. ... Effective coupling agent in formulating water-soluble and water insoluble materials.
General characteristics
The PEG-4, ethoxylated with 4 moles of ethylene oxide, has an INCI name PEG-4.
Its chemical name: polyoxyethylene glycol is also used. The CAS number of the compound is 25322-68-3.
PEG-4 is a non-ionic surfactant used mainly in the cosmetic industry. PEG-4 has a synthetic origin.
At room temperature (20 to 25ᵒC), it is a liquid with a faint odour. pH of a 10% solution ranges from 4.6 to 7.4, i.e. it is slightly acidic to neutral.
Marketed products of PEG-4, such as POLIkol 200 (in the product range offered by the PCC Group) contain over 99% of the active substance.
Water is usually an impurity in such products and its content generally does not exceed a maximum of 0.5%.
The molar mass of PEG-4 is approx. 200 g/mol.
The density at the temperatures of 20ᵒC is approx. 1.120 g/mL, while the solidification point is below 0ᵒC.
The surfactant dissolves well in water and also in organic solvents such as low aliphatic alcohols, ethyl ether or chloroform.
PEG-4 has a relatively low viscosity.
Applications in cosmetic products
In cosmetics and care products, PEG-4 has several essential functions:
A humectant and moisturiser – in cosmetic products, PEG-4 prevents them from drying up and from changing their consistency and functionality. For the skin to function properly, it is crucial to maintain its proper moisture level.
As a humectant, PEG-4 is also a solvent for the other components of the cosmetic.
PEG-4 is indirectly due to its strong hygroscopic properties, which make it an excellent solvent for many active substances.
PEG-4 is also responsible for modifying the rheology of active substances in cosmetic products.
Non-cosmetic use of PEG-4
Besides the application in the cosmetic industry, PEG-4, due to its properties, is also used in industrial cleaning and metalworking. As it has anti-electrostatic effects, it is used in systems for removing industrial electrostatic charges from cleaned surfaces.
PEG-4 is an ingredient of substrates used for curing concrete and cement mortars. In addition, it reduces water losses and thus facilitates much more efficient binding of the material in mixtures. With the right dosage, you can obtain higher mechanical strength of the hardened concrete. PEG-4 is also used in the design of self-curing concretes.
PEG-4 is approved as an indirect food additive based on the CFR 21 lists: 175.105, 175.210, 176.180 and 176.200.
In the chemical industry, PEG-4 is used for cleaning reactors that contain post-reaction residues from the polyurethane production process.
With the surfactant added to cleaners, the reactor cleaning is much faster and effective.
Ceramic paste/printing ink binder, lubricant (metalworking fluids/textile spin finishes), softening agent (paper tissue)
Industry Uses
• Functional fluids (closed systems)
• Intermediates
• Lubricants and lubricant additives
• Plating agents and surface treating agents
• Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Consumer Uses
• Anti-freeze and de-icing products
• Automotive care products
• Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
• Fuels and related products
• Ink, toner, and colorant products
• Intermediates
• Lubricants and greases
• used in products which are used as paint strippers and/or used as cleaners in plating processes for automotive industry and machinery.
General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
• All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
• All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
• All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
• Asphalt paving, roofing, and coating materials manufacturing
• Miscellaneous manufacturing
• Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
• Petrochemical manufacturing
• Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
• Printing ink manufacturing
Chemical properties
PEG-4 is a polymer which is hydrolyzed by ethylene oxide.
PEG-4 has no toxicity and irritation.
PEG-4 is widely used in various pharmaceutical preparations.
The toxicity of low molecular weight PEG-4 is relatively large.
Application in biomedicine
PEG-4 is also known as polyoxirane (PEO).
PEG-4 is a linear polyether obtained by ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide.
The main uses in the field of biomedicine are as follows:
Contact lens liquid.
The viscosity of PEG-4 solution is sensitive to the shear rate and it is not easy for bacteria to grow on PEG-4.
Synthetic lubricants.
The condensation polymer of ethylene oxide and water.
PEG-4 is a cream matrix for preparing water-soluble drugs.
PEG-4 can also be used as a solvent for acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine, which is difficult to dissolve in water.
Drug sustained-release and immobilized enzyme carrier.
The PEG-4 solution is applied to the outer layer of the pill to control the diffusion of drugs in the pill so as to improve the efficacy.
Surface modification of medical polymer materials.
The biocompatibility of medical polymer materials in contact with blood can be improved by adsorption, interception and grafting of two amphiphilic copolymers containing PEG-4 on the surface of medical polymers.
PEG-4 can make the membrane of the alkanol contraceptive pill.
PEG-4 can make hydrophilic anticoagulant polyurethane.
PEG-4 can increase osmotic pressure and absorb moisture in the intestinal cavity, which makes the stool soften and increase in volume, resulting in bowel movement and defecation.
Denture fixing agent.
Peg nontoxic and gelatinous nature can be used as a component of denture fixer.
PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 are commonly used to promote cell fusion or protoplast fusion and help organisms (such as yeasts) to take DNA in transformation.
PEG absorbs water from the solution, so it is also used to concentrate the solution.
Description
PEG-4 are a family of linear polymers formed by a base-catalyzed condensation reaction with repeating ethylene oxide units being added to ethylene.
The molecular formula is (C2H4O)multH2O where mult denotes the average number of oxyethylene groups.
The molecular weight can range from 200 to several million corresponding to the number of oxyethylene groups.
The higher-molecular-weight materials (100 000 to 5 000 000) are also referred to as polyethylene oxides.
The average molecular weight of any specific polyethylene glycol product falls within quite narrow limits (°5%).
The number of ethylene oxide units or their approximate molecular weight (e.g., PEG-4 or PEG-200) commonly designates the nomenclature of specific polyethylene glycols.
PEG-4 with amolecular weight less than 600 are liquid, whereas those of molecular weight 1000 and above are solid.
These materials are nonvolatile, water-soluble, tasteless, and odorless. They are miscible with water, alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatic solvents, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, but immiscible with alkanes, paraffins, waxes, and ethers.
Chemical Properties
PEG-4 describes polyethylene glycol as being an addition polymer of ethylene oxide and water.
Polyethylene glycol grades 200–600 are liquids; grades 1000 and above are solids at ambient temperatures.
Liquid grades (PEG 200–600) occur as clear, colorless or slightly yellow-colored, viscous liquids.
They have a slight but characteristic odor and a bitter, slightly burning taste.
PEG-4 can occur as a solid at ambient temperatures.
Solid grades (PEG>1000) are white or off-white in color, and range in consistency from pastes to waxy flakes.
They have a faint, sweet odor.
Grades of PEG 6000 and above are available as freeflowing milled powders.
Uses:
PEG-4 is a binder, coating agent, dispersing agent, flavoring adjuvant, and plasticizing agent that is a clear, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid resembling paraffin (white, waxy, or flakes), with a ph of 4.0–7.5 in 1:20 concentration.
PEG-4 is soluble in water (mw 1,000) and many organic solvents.
PEG-4 (PEG) is a binder, solvent, plasticizing agent, and softener widely used for cosmetic cream bases and pharmaceutical ointments. Pegs are quite humectant up to a molecular weight of 500.
Beyond this weight, their water uptake diminishes.
Used in conjunction with carbon black to form a conductive composite.1 Polymer nanospheres of poly(ethylene glycol) were used for drug delivery.
Poly(ethylene Glycol) molecules of approximately 2000 monomers.
Preparation
The ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide is readily effected by a variety of ionic reagents and several types of polymer have been prepared.
For commercial purposes, poly(ethylene oxide)s of low molecular weight and of very high molecular weight are of interest.
(a) Low molecular weight polymers
Poly(ethylene oxide)s of low molecular weight, i.e. below about 3000, are generally prepared by passing ethylene oxide into ethylene glycol at 120-150°C and about 0.3 MPa (3 atmospheres) pressure, using an alkaline initiator such as sodium hydroxide.
The polymers produced by these methods are thus terminated mainly by hydroxy groups (a few unsaturated end-groups are also formed) and are often referred to as poly(ethylene glycol)s. Poly(ethylene glycol)s with molecular weights in the range 200-600 are viscous liquids which find use as surfactants in inks and paints and as humectants.
At molecular weights above about 600, poly(ethylene glycol)s are low-melting waxy solids, uses of which include pharmaceutical and cosmetic bases, lubricants and mould release agents.
PEG-4 may be noted that homogeneous cationic polymerization of ethylene oxide also generally leads to low molecular weight products; typical initiators include aluminium chloride, boron trifluoride and titanium tetrachloride. Systems of this type are not utilized on a commercial scale.
(b) High molecular weight polymers
Poly(ethylene oxide)s of molecular weight ranging from about 100000 to 5 x 106 and above are available. Details of the techniques used to manufacture these polymers have not been disclosed, but the essential feature is the use of (generally) heterogeneous initiator systems.
Effective initiators are mainly of two types, namely alkaline earth compounds (e.g. carbonates and oxides of calcium, barium and strontium) and organometallic compounds (e.g. aluminium and zinc alkyls and alkoxides, commonly with added cordinitiators).
The precise modes of action of these initiators have not, as yet, been fully resolved.
However, it is now generally thought that polymerization occurs through a co-ordinated anionic mechanism, in which the ethylene oxide is coordinated to the initiator through an unshared electron pair on the oxirane oxygen atom:
Unlike the low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s, the high molecular weight polymers are tough and extensible. They are highly crystalline, with a melting point of 66°C.
Unlike most water-soluble polymers, the high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s may be melt processed, they may be injection moulded, extruded and calendered without difficulty.
PEG-4 )s are soluble in an unusually broad range of solvents, which includes water, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and methylene dichloride, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol.
There is an upper temperature limit of solubility in water for the high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s, this varies with concentration and molecular weight but is usually between 90 and 100°C.
Water-solubility is due to the ability of the polyether to form hydrogen bonds with water, these bonds are broken when the temperature is raised, restoring the anhydrous polymer which is precipated from the solution.
High molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s find use as water-soluble packaging films and capsules for such products as laundry powders, colour concentrates, tablets and seeds.
In solution, the polymers are used as thickeners in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, textile sizes and latex stabilizers.
Manufacturing Process
PEG-4 was obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide in an autoclave at 80-100°C using as a catalyst dipotassium alcogolate of PEG-4.
Dipotassium alcogolate of PEG-4 was synthesized by a heating of the dry mixture of PEG-4 and potassium hydroxide.
The molecular weight of polymer was regulated by the ratio of monomer:catalyst.
Pharmaceutical Applications
PEG-4 (PEGs) are widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, including parenteral, topical, ophthalmic, oral, and rectal preparations.
Polyethylene glycol has been used experimentally in biodegradable polymeric matrices used in controlled-release systems.
PEG-4 is stable, hydrophilic substances that are essentially nonirritant to the skin.
They do not readily penetrate the skin, although the polyethylene glycols are water-soluble and are easily removed from the skin by washing, making them useful as ointment bases.
Solid grades are generally employed in topical ointments, with the consistency of the base being adjusted by the addition of liquid grades of polyethylene glycol.
Mixtures of polyethylene glycols can be used as suppository bases,for which they have many advantages over fats.
For example, the melting point of the suppository can be made higher to withstand exposure to warmer climates, release of the drug is not dependent upon melting point, the physical stability on storage is better, and suppositories are readily miscible with rectal fluids.
PEG-4 have the following disadvantages: they are chemically more reactive than fats, greater care is needed in processing to avoid inelegant contraction holes in the suppositories, the rate of release of water-soluble medications decreases with the increasing molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol; and polyethylene glycols tend to be more irritating to mucous membranes than fats.
Aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions can be used either as suspending agents or to adjust the viscosity and consistency of other suspending vehicles.
When used in conjunction with other emulsifiers, polyethylene glycols can act as emulsion stabilizers.
Liquid polyethylene glycols are used as water-miscible solvents for the contents of soft gelatin capsules.
However, they may cause hardening of the capsule shell by preferential absorption of moisture from gelatin in the shell.
In concentrations up to approximately 30% v/v, PEG 300 and PEG 400 have been used as the vehicle for parenteral dosage forms.
In solid-dosage formulations, higher-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols can enhance the effectiveness of tablet binders and impart plasticity to granules.
However, they have only limited binding action when used alone, and can prolong disintegration if present in concentrations greater than 5% w/w. When used for thermoplastic granulations,a mixture of the powdered constituents with 10–15% w/w PEG 6000 is heated to 70–75°C.
The mass becomes pastelike and forms granules if stirred while cooling.
This technique is useful for the preparation of dosage forms such as lozenges when prolonged disintegration is required.
PEG-4 can also be used to enhance the aqueous solubility or dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble compounds by making solid dispersions with an appropriate polyethylene glycol.
In film coatings, solid grades of polyethylene glycol can be used alone for the film-coating of tablets or can be useful as hydrophilic polishing materials. Solid grades are also widely used as plasticizers in conjunction with film-forming polymers.
The presence of polyethylene glycols in film coats, especially of liquid grades, tends to increase their water permeability and may reduce protection against low pH in enteric-coating films.
PEG-4 are useful as plasticizers in microencapsulated products to avoid rupture of the coating film when the microcapsules are compressed into tablets.
Polyethylene glycol grades with molecular weights of 6000 and above can be used as lubricants, particularly for soluble tablets.
The lubricant action is not as good as that of magnesium stearate, and stickiness may develop if the material becomes too warm during compression.
An antiadherent effect is also exerted, again subject to the avoidance of overheating.
PEG-4 have been used in the preparation of urethane hydrogels, which are used as controlled-release agents.
Polyethylene glycol has also been used in insulin-loaded microparticles for the oral delivery of insulin, it has been used in inhalation preparations to improve aerosolization, polyethylene glycol nanoparticles have been used to improve the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine, it has been used in self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles as a drug carrier, and copolymer networks of polyethylene glycol grafted with poly(methacrylic acid) have been used as bioadhesive controlled drug delivery formulations.
Purification Methods
PEG is available commercially as a powder or as a solution in various degrees of polymerization depending on the average molecular weight, e.g. PEG 400 and PEG 800 have average molecular weights of 400 and 800, respectively.
They may be contaminated with aldehydes and peroxides. Solutions deteriorate in the presence of air due to the formation of these contaminants.
Methods available for purification are as follows: Procedure A: A 40% aqueous solution of PEG 400 (2L, average molecular weight 400) is de-aerated under vacuum and made 10mM in sodium thiosulfate.
After standing for 1hour at 25o, the solution is passed through a column (2.5x20cm) of mixed-bed R-208 resin which has a 5cm layer of Dowex 50-H+ at the bottom of the column.
The column was previously flushed with 30% aqueous MeOH, then thoroughly with H2O.
A flow rate of 1mL/minute is maintained by adjusting the fluid head.
The first 200mL are discarded, and the effluent is then collected at an increased flow rate.
The concentration of PEG solution is checked by density measurement, and it is stored (preferably anaerobically) at 15o.
Procedure B: A solution of PEG 800 (500g in 805mL H2O) is made 1mM in H2SO4 and stirred overnight at 25o with 10g of treated Dowex 50-H+ (8% crosslinked, 20-50 mesh).
The resin, after settling, is filtered off on a sintered glass funnel.
The filtrate is treated at 25o with 1.5g of NaBH4 (added over a period of 1minute) in a beaker with tight but removable lid through which a propeller-type mechanical stirrer is inserted and continuously flushed with N2.
After 15minutes, 15g of fresh Dowex 50-H+ are added, and the rate of stirring is adjusted to maintain the resin suspended.
The addition of an equal quantity of Dowex 50-H+ is repeated and the reaction times are 30 and 40minutes.
The pH of a 1 to 10 dilution of the reaction mixture should remain above pH 8 throughout. If it does not, more NaBH4 is added or the addition of Dowex 50-H+ is curtailed.
(Some samples of PEG can be sufficiently acidic, at least after the hydrolysis treatment, to produce a pH that is too low for efficient reduction when the above ratio of NaBH4 to Dowex 50-H+ is used.)
About 30minutes after the last addition of NaBH4, small amounts of Dowex 50-H+ (~0.2g) are added at 15minute intervals until the pH of a 1 to 10 dilution of the solution is less than 8.
After stirring for an additional 15minutes the resin is allowed to settle, and the solution is transferred to a vacuum flask for brief de-gassing under a vacuum.
The de-gassed solution is passed through a column of mixed-bed resin as in procedure A.
The final PEG concentration would be about 40% w/v.
Assays for aldehydes by the purpural method and of peroxides are given in the reference below.
Treatment of Dowex 50-H+ (8% crosslinked, 20-50 mesh):
The Dowex (500g) is suspended in excess 2N NaOH, and 3mL of liquid Br2 is stirred into the solution.
After the Br2 has dissolved, the treatment is repeated twice, and then the resin is washed with 1N NaOH on a sintered glass funnel until the filtrate is colourless.
The resin is then converted to the acid form (with dilute HCl, H2SO4 or AcOH as required) and washed thoroughly with H2O and sucked dry on the funnel.
The treated resin can be converted to the Na salt and stored.
Density: 1.125
Melting Point: -65℃
Boling Point: 250℃
Flash Point: 171℃
Refractive Index: 1.458
Physical and Chemical Properties: Density 1.125
melting point -65°C
refractive index 1.458-1.461
flash point 171°C
PEG-4 is white granular.
Soluble in water, soluble in some organic solvents.
The solution has high viscosity at low concentration, and can be processed by calendering, extrusion, casting, etc.
PEG-4 is a thermoplastic resin with good compatibility with other resins.
Resistant to bacterial erosion, moisture absorption in the atmosphere is weak.
PEG-4 is a mixture of ethylene oxide and water polycondensation.
The molecular formula is expressed as ho(ch2ch2o)nh, where n represents the average number of oxyethylene groups.
Preparation Method
ethylene oxide was self-polymerized under the catalysis of aluminum isopropoxide.
PEG-4 resins are high molecular weight homopolymers of ethylene oxide via heterogeneously catalyzed ring-opening polymerization.
Usually can be divided into the relative molecular mass of 2 × 1 04 above and tens of thousands of above, the former is called polyethylene glycol, the latter is called polyethylene oxide.
Polyethylene oxide with flocculation, thickening, slow release, lubrication, dispersion, retention, water retention and other properties, suitable for medicine, fertilizer, paper, ceramics, detergents, cosmetics, heat treatment, water treatment, fire, oil exploitation and other industries, the product is non-toxic and non-irritating, and will not remain, deposit or breed volatile matter in the process of product generation.
As a papermaking additive, the retention rate of the filler and the fine fiber can be improved, and the dispersant is particularly suitable for the long fiber, and the beating time can be shortened.
About PEG-4
Helpful information
PEG-4 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
PEG-4 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.
Consumer Uses
PEG-4 is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pharmaceuticals, polymers, air care products, finger paints and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of PEG-4 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Article service life
Other release to the environment of PEG-4 is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials). PEG-4 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines). PEG-4 can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
Widespread uses by professional workers
PEG-4 is used in the following products: polymers, pharmaceuticals, laboratory chemicals and washing & cleaning products.
PEG-4 is used in the following areas: health services, printing and recorded media reproduction and scientific research and development.
PEG-4 is used for the manufacture of: food products and rubber products.
Other release to the environment of PEG-4 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Formulation or re-packing
PEG-4 is used in the following products: inks and toners, polymers, cosmetics and personal care products, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Release to the environment of PEG-4 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Uses at industrial sites
PEG-4 is used in the following products: polymers, washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, inks and toners and textile treatment products and dyes.
PEG-4 is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction.
PEG-4 is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, plastic products, machinery and vehicles and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of PEG-4 can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Manufacture
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which PEG-4 is most likely to be released to the environment.
IUPAC NAMES:
3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39-tridecaoxahentetracontane-1,41-diol
a,w-Hydroxypoly(ethylene oxide)
alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
ethane-1,2-diol
Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
PEG 200
Polietilenoglicol
Poly(ethylene glycol)
Poly(ethylene glycol), flake, 600
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy- (90,000 mol EO average molar ratio)
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-hydro-w-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),-hydro-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol,
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy;
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),?-hydro-?-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),??-hydro-??-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-hydro-?-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
Poly(oxyethylene)
poly(oxyethylene)
poly(oxyethylene)
poly(oxyethylene) {structure-based}, poly(ethylene oxide) {source-based}
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL
Polyethylene Glycol
Polyethylene glycol
polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene Glycol 1000
Polyethylene glycol 3,350
PEG-4
PEG-4
Polyethyleneglycol
polyethyleneglycol
polyethylenglycol
Polyethylenglykol
Polyethylenglykole (PEG)
Polymer aus Ethylenglycol
α-Hydro-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
α-hydroxy-ω-hydroxy-poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
SYNONYMS:
112-60-7 [RN]
1634320 [Beilstein]
2,2'-[Oxybis(2,1-ethandiyloxy)]diethanol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2'-[Oxybis(2,1-ethanediyloxy)]diethanol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2'-[Oxybis(2,1-éthanediyloxy)]diéthanol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2'-[Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyloxy)]diethanol
203-989-9 [EINECS]
Bis[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl] ether
Bis[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]ether
Ethanol, 2,2'-[oxybis(2,1-ethanediyloxy)]bis- [ACD/Index Name]
MFCD00002879 [MDL number]
PEG-4
Tetra(ethylene glycol)
Tetraethylene glycol
tetraethylene glycol-
tetraethyleneglycol
Tetraglycol
XC2100000
[112-60-7] [RN]
1-(2-METHOXY-ETHOXY)-2-{2-[2-(2-METHOXY-ETHOXY]-ETHOXY}-ETHANE
1,11-Dihydroxy-3,6,9-trioxaundecane
1,2,3-Propanetriol, polymer with 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methylbenzene, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-pro
1,3-Bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene homopolymer
125481-05-2 [RN]
127821-00-5 [RN]
157299-02-0 [RN]
15P
19327-39-0 [RN]
2-(2-(2-(2-(2-(2-ETHOXYETHOXY)ETHOXY)ETHOXY)ETHOXY)ETHOXY)ETHANOL
2-(2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy)ethanol
2-(2-{2-[2-(2-Methoxy-Ethoxy)-Ethoxy]-Ethoxy} -Ethoxy)-Ethanol
2,2-((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))diethanol
2,2'-((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))diethanol
2,2'-(Oxybis(2,1-ethanediyloxy))bisethanol
2,2'-(oxybis(ethyleneoxy))diethanol
2,2'-[oxybis(2,1-ethanediyloxy)]bisethanol
2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,56,59,62,65,68,71,74,77,80-Heptacosaoxadooctacontan-82-ol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol
2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-ETHOXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY]-ETHOXY}-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY]-ETHOXY}-ETHANOL
2-{2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}ethan-1-ol
25322-68-3 [RN]
3,6, 9-Trioxaundecane-1,11-diol
3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39-Tridecaoxahentetracontane-1,41-diol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-Nonaoxanonacosane-1,29-diol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-Octaoxahexacosan-1-ol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
3,6,9,12,15,18,21-Heptaoxatricosane-1,23-diol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
3,6,9,12,15,18-Hexaoxaicosane-1,20-diol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
3,6,9,12,15-Pentaoxaheptadecane [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
3,6,9-TRIOXAUNDECAN-1,11-DIOL
3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-diol
59865-13-3 [RN]
79688-08-7 [RN]
7PE
bis[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl] ether(tetraethylene glycol)
Bis[2-ethyl]ether
C8E
Carbitol, diethyl
CXE
Dodecaethylene Glycol
EDO-EDO-EDO-EDO
Ethanol, 2,2'-(oxybis(2,1-ethanediyloxy))bis-
Ethanol, 2,2'-(oxybis(ethyleneoxy))di-
Ethanol, 2,2'-[oxybis (2,1-ethanediyloxy)]bis-
Ethanol, 2,2'-[oxybis(ethyleneoxy)]di-
HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL
HI-Dry
Jsp000971
Nonaethylene Glycol
octane-1,7-diol
oh-peg4-oh
P3G
P4C
PE3
PE4
PE5
PE8
Pentaethylene Glycol
Pentaethylene glycol monodecyl ether
PEU
PG4
PG6
Polyethylene Glycol (N34)
polyethylene glycol 2,000
radH protein
TEG
tetra-ethylene glycol
Tetraethylene glycol monooctyl ether
tetra-ethyleneglycol
WLN: Q2O2O2O2Q
XPE
1,2-ethanediol,homopolymer
2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-Poly(oxy-1
Alcox E 160
Alcox E 30
alcoxe30
Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 600,000
Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 200,000
Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 900,000
Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 100,000
Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 300,000
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 1550PRACT.
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 6,000, PEG
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 1000, PEG
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 35,000, PEG
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 3,000, PEG
Poly(ethylene oxide),PEG, Poly(ethylene glycol)
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 300, PEG
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 400, PEG
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 1,500, PEG
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 4,000, PEG
Poly(ethylene glycol),Macrogol 20,000, PEG
Polyethylene glycol solution,PEG solution
Polyethylene glycol 200, synthesis grade
Polyethylene glycol 300, synthesis grade
PEG-4, synthesis grade
Polyethylene glycol 550, synthesis grade
Polyethylene glycol 600, synthesis grade
Polyethylene glycol 1500, synthesis grade
PEG-40, synthesis grade
Polyethylene glycol 6000, synthesis grade
Polyethylene glycol 8000, synthesis grade
Poly(ethylene oxide) 1g [25322-68-3]
PEG 400 5g [25322-68-3]
PEG 600 5g [25322-68-3]
PEG 1000 1g [25322-68-3]
500 G POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 1550PRACT.
Poly(ethylene oxide),PEO
Polyethylene Oxide (100 mg)
Polyethylene glycol, MW ≈ 6,000
Polyethylene glycol, MW ≈ 4,000
alkapolpeg-8000
alpha,omega-Hydroxypoly(ethylene oxide)
alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-poly(oxy-2-ethanediyl)
alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)
Aquaffin
Bradsyn PEG
bradsynpeg
Carbowax 100
Carbowax 1500
Carbowax 1540
Carbowax 20
Carbowax 200
Carbowax 2OM
Carbowax 300
Carbowax 5000
Carbowax 550
Carbowax 600
