Quick Search
CAS NO: 9004-99-3
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Stearates (PEG-2 Stearate, PEG-6 Stearate, PEG-8 Stearate, PEG-12 Stearate, PEG-20 Stearate, PEG-32 Stearate, PEG-40 Stearate, PEG-50 Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, PEG-150 Stearate) are esters of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid. The PEG Stearates are soft to waxy solids that are white to tan in color. In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG Stearates are used in skin creams, conditioners, shampoos, body cleansers and soapless detergents.
Synonmys; polyoxyl 8 stearate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-hydroxy- (8 mol EO average molar ratio); peg-8 stearate; Polyethylene glycol monostearate; MACROGOL 8 STEARATE; MACROGOL ESTER 400; MACROGOL MONOSTEARATE 400; OCTADECANOIC ACID, 23-HYDROXY-3,6,9,12,15,18,21-HEPTAOXATRICOS-1-YL ESTER; OCTAETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARATE; PEG 8 STEARATE; PEG-8 STEARATE; POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-HYDRO-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-, OCTADECANOATE; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400 STEARATE; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 8 MONOSTEARATE; POLYOXYETHYLENE 400 STEARATE; POLYOXYL 400 STEARATE; POLYOXYL 400 STEARATE [II]; POLYOXYL 8 STEARATE; POLYOXYL 8 STEARATE [USAN]; POLYOXYL 8 STEARATE [USP-RS]; PEG-8 stearate; 23-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21-heptaoxatricos-1-yl octadecanoate; Macrogol ester 400; Macrogol stearate 400; PEG 400 monostearate; POE (8) stearate Polyoxyl 8 stearate; Macrogol Stearate; Polyoxyl 8 Stearate (PEG 8 Stearate); MACROGOLSTEARATE400; Octadecanoic acid, 23-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21-heptaoxatricos-1-yl ester; Polyethylenglycol-stearat; 17-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadec-1-yl octadecanoate; 26-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxahexacos-1-yl octadecanoate; 41-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,-27,30,33,36,39-tridecaoxahentetr- acont-1-yl octadecanoate; Macrogol stearate 2000; Octadecanoic acid, 17-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadec-1-yl ester; Octadecanoic acid, 26-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxahexacos-1-yl ester; Octadecanoic acid, 41-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39-tridecaoxahentetra- cont-1-yl ester; PEG-10 Stearate; Polyethylene glycol monostearate; Polyoxyl 40 Stearate [USAN:BAN:JAN]; Polyoxyl 8 stearate [USAN:BAN]; 40S; 60S; Akyporox S 100; Arosurf 1855E40; Carbowax 1000 monostearate; Carbowax 4000 monostearate; Cerasynt 660; Cerasynt M; Cerasynt MN; Cithrol 10MS; Cithrol PS; Clearate G; Cremophor A; Crill 20,21,22,23; Emanon 3113; Emanon 3199; Emcol H 35-A; Emerest 2640; Emery 15393; Empilan CP-100; Empilan CQ-100; Emulphor VT-650; Emunon 3115; Ethofat 60/15; Ethofat 60/20; Ethofat 60/25; Ethoxylated stearic acid; Glycol polyethylene monostearate #200; Glycol, polyethylene monostearate #6000; Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate; Ionet MS-1000; Kessco X-211; LX 3; Lactine; Lamacit CA; Lipal 15S; Lipal 400-S; Lipo-Peg 4-S; MYRJ 45; MYS 40; MYS 45; Magi 45; Myrj; Myrj 49; Myrj 51; Myrj 52; Myrj 52S; Myrj 53; Myrj solution; Nikkol MYS; Nikkol MYS 4; Nikkol MYS 40; Nikkol MYS 45; Nikkol MYS-25; Nissan Nonion S 15; Nissan Nonion S-2; Nonex 28; Nonex 29; Nonex 36; Nonex 53; Nonex 54; Nonex 63; Nonion S 15; Nonion S 2; Nonion S 4; PEG 1000MS; PEG 100MS; PEG 42; PEG 600MS; PEG stearate; PEG-150 Stearate; PEG-40 Stearate; PEG-8 Stearate; PMS No. 1; PMS No. 2; Pegosperse S 9; Perphinol 45/100; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-1-(oxooctadecyl)-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxyethylene) stearate; Poly(oxyethylene) stearic acid ester; Polyethylene glycol (100) monostearate; Polyethylene glycol 8 monostearate; Polyethylene glycol monostearate #1000; Polyethylene glycol monostearate #200; Polyethylene glycol monostearate #400; Polyethylene glycol monostearate #6000; Polyethylene oxide monostearate; Polyethylene oxide stearate; Polyethyleneglycols monostearate; Polyethyleneglycols monstearate; Polyoxyethylate (9) stearic acid; Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate; Polyoxyethylene 40 stearate; Polyoxyethylene 50 stearate; Polyoxyethylene monostearate; Polyoxyethylene stearate (mol. Wt. 600-2000); Polyoxyethylene(8)stearate; Polyoxyethylene-(40)-monostearate; Polyoxyethylene-8-monostearate; Polyoxyl 40 Stearate; Polyoxyl 50 stearate; Polystate; Polystate B; Prodhybase 4000; Prodhybase P; S 1004; S 1012; S 1016; S 1042; S 1054; S 1116; S 541; Slovasol MKS 16; Soromin-SG; Stabilisant Delta-118; Stearic acid, monoester with polyethylene glycol; Stearoks 6; Stearoks 920; Stearox 6; Stearox 920; Stearoxa-6; Stenol 8; Trydet SA 40; Trydet SA series; X-489-R; alpha-(1-Oxooctadecyl)-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); PEG-8 Stearate, Glyceryl Stearate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Sorbitan Oleate ;Octadecanoic acid, 23-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21-heptaoxatricos-1-yl ester;PEG-8 stearate;Polyoxyethylene (8) monostearate;Polyoxyl 8 stearate;
Stearic acid, ethoxylated with 8 mol EO. Sympatens-BS/200 is used in cosmetics/personal care products (INCI Declaration: PEG-8 Stearate) and as excipient in pharmaceutical applications (Ph. Eur.: Macrogol Stearate (8 mol EO)).
The PEG Stearates are produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid . The numerical value of each PEG Stearate corresponds to the average number of ethylene oxide monomers in the polyethylene chain. Polyethylene glycol ingredients may also be named with a number that indicates molecular weight, for example polyethylene glycol (400) stearate is another name for PEG-8 Stearate.
PEG-8 Stearate Water-Soluble resins are high molecular weight water soluble polymers. A long chain poly(ethylene oxide PEG-8 Stearate is available in a wide range of molecular weights making it an excellent choice for a formulator trying to tailor a specific end viscosity. As a result of its wide ranging compatibility, it is readily used in a variety of applications. It imparts lubricity, binding, water retention, thickening and film formulation.
PEG-8 Stearate differentiates itself from other water soluble thickeners by the high wet tack it imparts, its ability to be used in thermoplastics, and the silky feel it can create in end products.
FUNCTIONS
Emulsifying agent: Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
Humectant: Maintains the water content of a cosmetic in its packaging and on the skin
Surfactant: Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the uniform distribution of the product during its use
Origin (s): Synthetic
INCI name: PEG-8 STEARATE
Classification: PEG / PPG, Ethoxylated compound, Glycol, Synthetic polymer, Nonionic surfactant
The PEG Stearates are soft to waxy solids, white to tan in color, and most have a faint odor. In general, the monoesters are soluble in water and alcohol but not in mineral oil; the diesters are soluble in isopropyl alcohol and toluene, and dispersible or soluble in hot water.
The PEG Stearates are nonionic surf act ant. The monostearates are highly amphiphatic compounds. The long, 18-carbon stearate chain is lipophiiic; the polyether chain is hydrophilic. Each ether oxygen atom carries a partial negative charge which attracts polar water molecules, thus potentiating water solubility of the monostearate. The longer the polyether chain (greater n value), the greater is the hydrophilicity of the ingredient. The hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value is used to describe the PEG Stearates and facilitate the selection of an ingredient for a particular use. Typical HLB values are 4.3 for PEG-2 Stearate and 18.8 for PEG-1 50 Stearate.
As any surfactant interacting at an oil-water interface, PEG Stearates align themselves with the hydrophilic polyether part of the molecule dissolved in the aqueous phase and the lipophilic stearate part of the molecule dissolved in the oil phase. The amphoteric nature of these compounds affords them many of their physical properties and, thus, many of their uses in cosmetic and noncosmetic formulation.
Reactivity
PEG Stearates are relatively stable compounds. Nevertheless, the ether oxygens are potentially reactive and the ester bonds are potentially vulnerable to enzymatic cleavage.
Impurities
Traces of the reactants, stearic acid and ethylene oxide, and of the catalytic agents used, may remain in the finished product. The addition of antioxidants or other additives has not been reported.(z) A reaction product of ethoxylation, 1,4-dioxane, may also be present in trace amounts; industry is aware of this possible impurity and thus uses additional purification steps to remove it from the ingredient before blending into cosmetic formulations.
Purpose and Frequency of Use in Cosmetics
PEG Stearates are used as surfactants in skin creams, emollients and conditioners, shampoos, body cleansers, and soapless detergents.('0-'2.20)
PEG Stearate-containing formulations may be applied to the face (creams, emollients, cleansers), axillae (antiperspirants), hair and scalp (shampoos), skin in general (body cleansers, detergents) and the oral and gingival mucosae (toothpastes, dentifrices).
The frequency of application of PEG Stearate products may vary from daily (toothpastes, antiperspirants, skin creams) to occasional use (emollients, shampoos, skin conditioners). Duration of application can range from seconds
(shampoos, toothpastes, body cleansers) to all day (skin conditioners and emollients, antiperspirants). This occasional or daily use may extend over a period of years.
PEG Stearates are used in over 500 cosmetic formulations. Most are used at concentrations from less than 0.1 O/O to 10°/~.(zo) Two products list concentrations in the > 1O0/o-25% range
PEG-8 stearate is a PEG ester of stearic acid PEG-8 stearate uses and applications include: Emulsifier, lubricant, dispersant, leveling agent, solubilizer, viscous control agent, emollient in cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals, textiles, paints, other industrial uses; surfactant, humectant in cosmetics; plastics antistat; emulsifier, stabilizer in foods, bakery products; in paperpaperboard in contact with aqueousfatty foods; defoamer in food-contact coatings; in cellophane for food packaging; in surfactant lubricants for manufacturing of food-contact metallic articles.
FUNCTIONS: Surfactant, Emulsifier, Acid, Dispersant, Stabilizer, Lubricant
INDUSTRY: Cosmetic, Industrial, Pharmaceutical, Textiles, Plastics
Nonionic surface active agents is produced by the polyethoxylation of high quality fatty acids. They are effective O/W emulsifiers suitable for use in medicated creams and lotions, even in the presence of electrolytes. They are hydrophilic, water soluble surfactants that display inverse aqueous solubility characteristics with increasing temperature. They are also stable in the presence of moderately strong acids, alkalis and electrolytes. Recommended topical usage levels of 0.5-5%.
The PEG Stearates are produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid. The numerical value of each PEG Stearate corresponds to the average number of ethylene oxide monomers in the polyethylene chain. Polyethylene glycol ingredients may also be named with a number that indicates molecular weight, for example polyethylene glycol (400) stearate is another name for PEG-8 Stearate.
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can have various derivatives and functions. Since many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as penetration enhancers, especially in topical dermatological preparations.
PEGs, together with their typically nonionic derivatives, are broadly utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners. The compounds studied in this review include PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil. Overall, much of the data available in this review are on PEGylated oils (PEG-40 and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oils), which were recommended as safe for use in cosmetics up to 100% concentration. Currently, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate and PEGylated oils are considered safe for cosmetic use according to the results of relevant studies.
Additionally, PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer should be further studied to ensure its safety as a cosmetic ingredient.
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are composed of polyether compounds repeating ethylene glycol units according to the constituent monomer or parent molecule (as ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, or oxyethylene).
Most PEGs are commonly available commercially as mixtures of different oligomer sizes in broadly- or narrowly-defined molecular weight (MW) ranges. For instance, PEG-10,000 typically designates a mixture of PEG molecules (n = 195 to 265) having an average MW of 10,000. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), with the three names being chemical synonyms.
However, PEGs mainly refer to oligomers and polymers with molecular masses below 20,000 g/mol, while PEOs are polymers with molecular masses above 20,000 g/mol, and POEs are polymers of any molecular mass.
Relatively small molecular weight PEGs are produced by the chemical reaction between ethylene oxide and water or ethylene glycol (or other ethylene glycol oligomers), as catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. To produce PEO or high-molecular weight PEGs, synthesis is performed by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution during the course of the poly-condensation process. The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminum-, or calcium-organoelement compounds. To prevent coagulation of polymer chains in the solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoxime are used .
PEGs, together with their derivatives, do not have definite chemical entities, rather, they are compound mixtures having different chain lengths. PEGs are used in cosmetics “as is” or in combination with their derivatives in which their 2 terminal primary hydroxyl groups can create mono-, di- and poly-esters, amines, ethers and acetals. Furthermore, PEGs can create additional compounds and complexes through a reaction in their ether bridges. Overall, PEG derivatives may include PEG ethers (e.g. laureths, ceteths, ceteareths, oleths, and PEG ethers of glyceryl cocoates), PEG fatty acids (e.g. PEG laurates, dilaurates, stearates, and distearates), PEG castor oils, PEG amine ethers (PEG cocamines), PEG propylene glycols, and other derivates (e.g., PEG soy sterols and PEG beeswax). Since many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as penetration enhancers, especially in topical dermatological preparations. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives are widely used in cosmetics as surfactants, cleansing agents, emulsifiers, skin conditioners, and humectants.
Adding to their use in cosmetics, many PEG compounds also have other applications. Available information from these uses is included in this assessment where relevant. In the pharmaceutical industry, for instance, they are used as ointment bases or vehicles for drugs in capsules, tablet and pill binders, suppositories, and liquid prescriptions; and in veterinary drugs as part of parenteral, topical, ophthalmic, oral, and rectal preparations. Further various applications were found in soaps and detergents, wood preservation, printing, chemical mixtures, as well as in industries that produces textiles, leather, plastics, resins, paper, ceramics, glass, rubber, petroleum, and metal. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (polysorbates) and polyethylene glycol, with an average molecular weight of 6,000, are permitted as food additives in various food products.
In previous studies, PEGs and various PEG compounds have been reviewed and assessed well to be concluded as relatively safe for use in cosmetics under the present conditions of intended use However, all PEG compounds were not covered in the previous studies due to their wide variety, and the introduction of new entities currently used in cosmetics suggests supplementary evaluation. Thus, it is essential to continuously monitor the safety and risks of PEG-derived products being exposed to consumers using cosmetic products to ensure that no potential health threats will arise, especially when used extensively and chronically. In this review, we searched for and enumerated the PEG polymers and their derivatives that are used in cosmetics in order to evaluate the safety of their application according to the currently available information in the literature.
Mono-ester of polyethylene glycole with stearic acid. The number after the product name indicates the average length of the polyethylene glycol chain.
General advices: Change contaminated clothes. · after inhalation: Not relevant. · after skin contact: Wash away with water. · after eye contact: Rinse out with plenty of water with the eyelid wide open. after swallowing: Rinse mouth, drink plenty of water. Suitable extinguishing media: All regular extinguishing media can be used. Select fire fighting measures suitable to surrounding environment. · Specific hazards during fire fighting: Combustible, but not flammable. In case of fire dangerous vapours/gases can be generated: Smoke gases. · Additional information: Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water, the ground water system or soil. Residues must be deposited according to local regulations.
PEG-8 is a synthetic polymer that works to bind moisture to skin and as a solvent for other cosmetic ingredients, helping them penetrate more efficiently.
PEG-8 stearate is an excellent O/W emulsifier and is particularly interesting for skin care formulations.
Used as a surfactant, emulsifier (cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textile finishes, defoamers, and baked goods), dye assistant, lubricant, and antistatic agent; Also used in dentifrice compositions and to make creams, lotions, ointments, and pharmaceutical preparations.
