PEG 8000

CAS No.: 25322-68-3

Synonyms:
PEG 8000; peg 8000; Polyglycol; Polyethylene glycol 200, 300, 400, 600,1000,1450, 3350, 8000, 6000, 8000 and 20000; ETHYLENE GLYCOL; 1,2-ethanediol; Ethane-1,2-diol; 107-21-1; glycol; monoethylene glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxyethane; 2-hydroxyethanol; Glycol alcohol; Ethylene alcohol; polyethylene glycol; Macrogol; Fridex; Tescol; Ethylene dihydrate; Norkool; Macrogol 400 BPC; Dowtherm SR 1; Carbowax 400; CCRIS 3744; Carbowax 1000; Dowtherm 8000; 1,2-ethylene glycol; Ethylene glycol polymer; HSDB 5012; NCI-C00920; HOCH2CH2OH; Union Carbide XL 54 Type I De-icing Fluid; PEG 3350; EINECS 203-473-3; M.e.g.; Ethylene glycol homopolymer; Polyethylene glycol 1000; Polyethylene Glycol 8000; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 042203; 1,2-Ethanediol homopolymer; FC72KVT52F; AI3-03050; PEG; CHEBI:30742; LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N; PEG 8000; 1, 2-Ethanediol; DuPont Zonyl FSO Fluorinated Surfactants; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene); DSSTox_CID_597; H(OCH2CH2)nOH; DSSTox_RID_75680; DSSTox_GSID_20597; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); Glycol, polyethylene; Miralax; Polyethylene oxide; CAS-107-21-1; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyethylene glycol3350; Athylenglykol;  Aquaffin; Badimol; Carbowax; Modopeg; Nosilen; Nycoline; ehtylene glycol; ethylen glycol; ethylene-glycol; etylene glycol; Carbowax Sentry; Pluracol E; Polyaethylenglykol; Aquacide III; Ilexan E; Bradsyn PEG; ethylene alcohol; Merpol OJ; Polyaethylenglykole; MEG 100; Alkox SR; Oxide Wax AN; PEG200?300?400?600?800?1000?1500?2000?3000?8000?6000 ?8000,Polyglycol, Polyethylene oxide, Polyoxy ethylene,PEG; Carbowax®; Polyglycol; Polyethylene glycol 200, 300, 400, 600,1000,1450, 3350, 8000, 6000, 8000 and 20000; ETHYLENE GLYCOL; 1,2-ethanediol; Ethane-1,2-diol; 107-21-1; glycol; monoethylene glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxyethane; 2-hydroxyethanol; Glycol alcohol; Ethylene alcohol; polyethylene glycol; Macrogol; Fridex; Tescol; Ethylene dihydrate; Norkool; Macrogol 400 BPC; Dowtherm SR 1; Carbowax 400; CCRIS 3744; Carbowax 1000; Dowtherm 8000; 1,2-ethylene glycol; Ethylene glycol polymer; HSDB 5012; NCI-C00920; HOCH2CH2OH; Union Carbide XL 54 Type I De-icing Fluid; PEG 3350; EINECS 203-473-3; M.e.g.; Ethylene glycol homopolymer; Polyethylene glycol 1000; Polyethylene Glycol 8000; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 042203; 1,2-Ethanediol homopolymer; FC72KVT52F; AI3-03050; PEG; CHEBI:30742; LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N; PEG 8000; 1, 2-Ethanediol; DuPont Zonyl FSO Fluorinated Surfactants; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene); DSSTox_CID_597; H(OCH2CH2)nOH; DSSTox_RID_75680; DSSTox_GSID_20597; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); Glycol, polyethylene; Miralax; Polyethylene oxide; CAS-107-21-1; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyethylene glycol 350; Athylenglykol; Aquaffin; Badimol; Carbowax; Modopeg; Nosilen; Nycoline; ehtylene glycol; ethylen glycol; ethylene-glycol; etylene glycol; Carbowax Sentry; Pluracol E; Polyaethylenglykol; Aquacide III; Ilexan E; Bradsyn PEG; ethylene alcohol; Merpol OJ; Polyaethylenglykole; MEG 100; Alkox SR; Oxide WaxPOLİETİLEN GLİKOL,POLYETİLENGLİCOL,POLİETHİLENE GLYİCOL,POLİETHELENE pOLYethylen glikol 8000; Polyethylene glycol 8000; Polyethylene glycol8000; Polyethylene glycol-8000; Polyethylene Glycol 8000; Polyethyleneglycol 8000; Polyethylene glycol/8000; Polietilen Glikol; Polietilen Glikol 8000; Polietilen Glikol8000; Polietilen glikol 8000; Polietilen Glikol 8000; POLİETİLEN GLİKOL 8000; POLİETİLEN GLİKOL8000; POLİETİLEN GLİKOL/8000; POLİETİLEN GLİKOL-8000; POLİETİLEN GLİKOL 8000; POLIETILEN GLIKOL 8000; POLIETILEN GLIKOL8000; POLIETILEN GLIKOL/8000; POLIETILEN GLIKOL-8000; pEG 8000; PEG; PEG 8000; peg8000; peg-8000; peg/8000; peg8000 ;CAS Number:25322-68-3; CAS No: 25322-68-3;CAS Number:25322 68 3; CAS No: 25322 68 3

PEG 8000
 

PEG 8000 is used in the precipitation of phage, isolation of plasmid DNA and the enhancement of blunt-ended ligation reactions.
Formula Weight: 7,000-9,000.
Form: White, waxy crystalline flakes.

Properties:
Purity: ≥99.0%.
pH at 25°C (5% water): 5.0-7.0.
PEG 8000
Outstanding emulsifiers frequently used in both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions for detergents, cosmetics, degreasers and metal cutting oils.PEG 8000 Used mostly as emulsifiers and lubricants in the oil, textile, leather and agriculture industries. PEG 8000 Also used as defoamers.

Product Type    Other Additives for Liquid Systems > Emulsifiers
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000
Polyethylene glycol 8000 for gas chromatography. CAS No. 25322-68-3, EC Number 500-038-2.
Polyethylene glycol 8000: Malzeme Güvenlik Bilgi Formu (MSDS) veya SDS, Analiz Sertifikası (COA) ve Kalite Uygunluk Sertifikası (COQ), dosyalar, broşürler ve diğer dokümanlar.
SDSCoA
Synonyms: Polyglycol, Polyethylene oxide, Polyoxy ethylene, PEG 8000
CAS #: 25322-68-3 EC Number: 500-038-2 Hill Formula: HO(C²H4O)nH Chemical Formula: HO(C²H4O)nH Molar Mass: 3500 - 4500 g/mol
 
Overview
Replacement Information
Description
Product Information
Applications
Physicochemical Information
Toxicological Information
Safety Information according to GHS
Storage and Shipping Information
Transport Information
Specifications
Key Spec Table
Pricing & Availability
Replacement Information
Replacement Information    In North America 1.09727.0100 replaces and is identical to 9727-2
Key Spec Table
CAS #    EC Number    Hill Formula    Chemical Formula    Molar Mass
25322-68-3    500-038-2    HO(C²H4O)nH    HO(C²H4O)nH    3500 - 4500 g/mol
Pricing & Availability
Catalogue Number    Availability    Packaging    Qty/Pack    Price    Quantity 
1097270100 

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Description
Catalogue Number    109727
Replaces    9727-2; 9727
Synonyms    Polyglycol, Polyethylene oxide, Polyoxy ethylene, PEG 8000
Product Information
CAS number    25322-68-3
EC number    500-038-2
Hill Formula    HO(C²H4O)nH
Chemical formula    HO(C²H4O)nH
Molar Mass    3500 - 4500 g/mol
HS Code    3404 20 00
Quality Level    MQ100
Applications
Application    Polyethylene glycol 8000 for gas chromatography. CAS No. 25322-68-3, EC Number 500-038-2.
Physicochemical Information
Density    1.2 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point    270 °C
Ignition temperature    >320 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point    53 - 58 °C
pH value    5 - 7 (100 g/l, H²O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure    <0.01 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density    400 - 500 kg/m3
Solubility    500 g/l
Toxicological Information
LD 50 oral    LD50 Rat 28000 mg/kg
LD 50 dermal    LD50 Rabbit > 20000 mg/kg
Safety Information according to GHS
RTECS    TQ4050000
Storage class    10 - 13 Other liquids and solids
WGK    WGK 1 slightly hazardous to water
Disposal    3
Relatively unreactive organic reagents should be collected in container A. If halogenated, they should be collected in container B. For solid residues use container C.
Storage and Shipping Information
Storage    Storage temperature: no restrictions.
Transport Information
Declaration (railroad and road) ADR, RID    Kein Gefahrgut
Declaration (transport by air) IATA-DGR    No Dangerous Good
Declaration (transport by sea) IMDG-Code    No Dangerous Good
Specifications
Thermogravimetry (thermogravimetric)    2 % lost of weight between 320-390°C
Description
Polyethylene glycol 8000 for synthesis. Polyethylene glycol 8000 CAS No. 25322-68-3, EC Number 500-038-2. Polyethylene glycol 8000 MSDS (material safety data sheet) or SDS here.
Polietilen glikol 8000 (PEG 8000)
Polyethylene glycol

Not to be confused with Ethylene glycol or Diethylene glycol.
For medical uses of polyethylene glycol, see Macrogol.
Polyethylene glycol
PEG Structural Formula V1.svg
Names
IUPAC names
poly(oxyethylene) {structure-based},
poly(ethylene oxide) {source-based}[1]
Other names
Carbowax, GoLYTELY, GlycoLax, Fortrans, TriLyte, Colyte, Halflytely, Macrogol, MiraLAX, MoviPrep
Identifiers
CAS Number
25322-68-3 ?
ChEMBL 
ChEMBL1201478 ?
ChemSpider 
none
ECHA InfoCard    100.105.546
E number    E1521 (additional chemicals)
UNII 
3WJQ0SDW1A ?
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID4027862 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
Chemical formula
C2nH4n+2On+1
Molar mass    44.05n + 18.02 g/mol
Density    1.125[2]
Pharmacology
ATC code
A06AD15 (WHO)
Hazards
Flash point    182-287 °C; 360-549 °F; 455-560 K
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
? verify (what is ?? ?)
Infobox references
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /?p?li'???l?i?n 'gla??k?l, -?k??l/) is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH.
 
Uses
Medical uses
Main article: Macrogol
PEG 8000 is the basis of a number of laxatives.[3] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy.
PEG 8000 is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products.
When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[4]
The possibility that PEG 8000 could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.[3]
Chemical uses
 
The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 8000 in the 1980s

Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color
Because PEG 8000 is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[5]
Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[6] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[7]
Since PEG 8000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 8000 one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique.
Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.
PEG 8000 has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[8] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[3] In addition, PEG 8000 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[9]
PEG 8000 has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[10] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang Di dynasty (first emperor of China). Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xian air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 8000 preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[11]
PEG 8000 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning.
PEG 8000 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants.
PEG 8000 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[12]
PEG 8000 has also been used as a propellent on the UGM-133M Trident II Missile, in service with the United States Air Force.[13]
Biological uses
PEG 8000 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.[5]
PEG 8000 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins.
PEG 8000 is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984.[3]
Polymer segments derived from PEG 8000 polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions.
In microbiology, PEG 8000 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG 8000 is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro.
Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG 8000-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[14] The size of the PEG 8000 polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection.
PEG 8000 is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo.[15][16]
In blood banking, PEG 8000 is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.[3][17]
When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 8000 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol (some references are required).
In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.[18][19]
Commercial uses
PEG 8000 is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin).
PEG 8000 is used in a number of toothpastes[3] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste.
PEG 8000 is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.[20][21]
In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 8000 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads.
PEG 8000 is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks[22] - its INS number is 1521[23] or E1521 in the EU.[24]
Industrial uses
A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.[25]
Dimethyl ethers of PEG 8000 are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream.
PEG 8000 has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.[26]
PEG 8000 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG 8000, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future.
PEG 8000 is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment.
PEG 8000 is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.[27]
Recreational uses
PEG 8000 is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles.
PEG 8000 is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants.
Health effects
PEG 8000 is generally considered biologically inert and safe. However, studies of clinical safety are generally based on adults, not children. The FDA has been asked to investigate the possible effects of PEG 8000 in laxatives for children.[28]
 
A minority of people are allergic to it. Allergy to PEG 8000 is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain PEG 8000 or were manufactured with PEG 8000.[29]

When PEG 8000 is chemically attached to therapeutic molecules (such as protein drugs or nanoparticles), it can sometimes be antigenic, stimulating an anti-PEG 8000 antibody response in some patients. This effect has only been shown for a few of the many available PEG 8000ylated therapeutics, but it has significant effects on clinical outcomes of affected patients.[30] Other than these few instances where patients have anti-PEG 8000 immune responses, it is generally considered to be a safe component of drug formulations.

Available forms and nomenclature
PEG 8000, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 8000 is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 8000 has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass.[31] PEG 8000s are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[32]
 
PEG 8000 and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 8000 and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 8000 are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process - the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 8000, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 8000. Lower-molecular-weight PEG 8000s are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 8000 has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction.[32] Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10-1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 8000.

PEG 8000s are also available with different geometries.
Branched PEG 8000s have three to ten PEG 8000 chains emanating from a central core group.
Star PEG 8000s have 10 to 100 PEG 8000 chains emanating from a central core group.
Comb PEG 8000s have multiple PEG 8000 chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone.
The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 8000s indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 8000 with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 8000 400.) Most PEG 8000s include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index (Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry.
 
PEGylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 8000 structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEGylated protein. PEGylated interferon alfa-2a or -2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection.

PEG 8000 is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants.[33]

PEG 8000s potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane.[34] Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin.[35]

Polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw 4 kDa) nanometric crystallites (4 nm)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) and related polymers (PEG 8000 phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications. However, as reported by Murali et al., PEG 8000 is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG 8000 degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells. It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG 8000 degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results.[36]
 
PEG 8000s and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the tradename Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name. They are used commercially in numerous applications, including as surfactants, in foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives. Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers.

Macrogol, used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol. The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight (e.g. macrogol 3350, macrogol 8000 or macrogol 6000).

Production
Polyethylene glycol 400, pharmaceutical quality
Polyethylene glycol 8000, pharmaceutical quality
The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Lourenço and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols.[37] Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers.[38] The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water, because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants.

HOCH2CH2OH + n(CH2CH2O) › HO(CH2CH2O)n+1H
Depending on the catalyst type, the mechanism of polymerization can be cationic or anionic. The anionic mechanism is preferable because it allows one to obtain PEG 8000 with a low polydispersity. Polymerization of ethylene oxide is an exothermic process. Overheating or contaminating ethylene oxide with catalysts such as alkalis or metal oxides can lead to runaway polymerization, which can end in an explosion after a few hours.
 
Polyethylene oxide, or high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation process. The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminium-, or calcium-organoelement compounds. To prevent coagulation of polymer chains from solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoxime are used.

Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol.

See also
Ethylene
Propylene glycol
Monoethylene glycol
Diethylene glycol
PEG 8000ylation
PEG 8000-PVA
Lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyl dimonium chloride
Polyethylene glycol propylene glycol cocoates
 
Polyethylene Glycol PEG 8000
Specification    PEG-3000
Appearance(25?)    Milky white paste
Color gloss Pt-Co    ?50
Hydroxyl Value mgKOH/g    34~42
Molecular Weight    2700~3300
Freezing Point ?    51~53
Content water(%)    ?1.0
pH Value(1% water solution)    5.0~7.0
Performance and Features
 
Contact Customer Service
Plastic bottle    100 g 
Upon Order Completion More Information
-
Add To Favorites
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Description
Catalogue Number    109727
Replaces    9727-2; 9727
Synonyms    Polyglycol, Polyethylene oxide, Polyoxy ethylene, PEG 8000
Product Information
CAS number    25322-68-3
EC number    500-038-2
Hill Formula    HO(C²H4O)nH
Chemical formula    HO(C²H4O)nH
Molar Mass    3500 - 4500 g/mol
HS Code    3404 20 00
Applications
Application    Polyethylene glycol 8000 for gas chromatography. CAS No. 25322-68-3, EC Number 500-038-2.
Physicochemical Information
Density    1.2 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point    270 °C
Ignition temperature    >320 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point    53 - 58 °C
pH value    5 - 7 (100 g/l, H²O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure    <0.01 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density    400 - 500 kg/m3
Solubility    500 g/l
Toxicological Information
LD 50 oral    LD50 Rat 28000 mg/kg
LD 50 dermal    LD50 Rabbit > 20000 mg/kg
Safety Information according to GHS
RTECS    TQ4050000
Storage class    10 - 13 Other liquids and solids
WGK    WGK 1 slightly hazardous to water
Disposal    3
Relatively unreactive organic reagents should be collected in container A. If halogenated, they should be collected in container B. For solid residues use container C.
Storage and Shipping Information
Storage    Storage temperature: no restrictions.
Transport Information
Declaration (railroad and road) ADR, RID    Kein Gefahrgut
Declaration (transport by air) IATA-DGR    No Dangerous Good
Declaration (transport by sea) IMDG-Code    No Dangerous Good
Specifications
Thermogravimetry (thermogravimetric)    2 % lost of weight between 320-390°C
McReynolds constant (Benzene)    Mc-Renolds-Konstante: ca. 320
McReynolds constant (Butanol)    Mc-Renolds-Konstante 1-Butanol: ca.550
 
SAFETY DATA SHEET
according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006
Revision Date 19.12.2017 Version 3.0
The Safety Data Sheets for catalogue items are available at 
 
SAFETY DATA SHEET
according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006
Catalogue No. 807490
Product name Polyethylene glycol 8000 for synthesis
The Safety Data Sheets for catalogue items are available at www.merckgroup.com
Page 2 of 14
SECTION 2. Hazards identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
This substance is not classified as dangerous according to European Union legislation.
2.2 Label elements
Labelling (REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008)
 
Polyethylene Glycol
· Adhesives
· Agriculture
· Ceramics
· Chemical Intermediates
· Cosmetics
· Toiletries
· Electroplating / Electropolishing
· Food Processing
· Household Products
· Lubricants
· Metal / Metal Fabrication
· Paints & Coatings
· Paper Industry
· Pharmaceuticals
· Printing
· Rubber & Elastomers
· Textiles
· Wood Processing
Form No. 118-01267-0905-KMG
Page 2 of 2 *Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
FDA Status CARBOWAX SENTRYTM Polyethylene Glycols are produced to meet the requirements of the
National Formulary (NF) monograph for drug applications and the Food Chemicals Codex
(FCC) monograph for certain food and feed applications.
Handling and
Storage
CARBOWAXTM Polyethylene Glycol 8000 is sold as a solid in bags or fiber drums. The
containers should be kept sealed and should not be stored next to steam lines or other heat
sources that could cause the product to soften or melt. Recommended storage temperature is
below 40°C (105°F).
 
13.2 Contaminated containers:
Contaminated containers and packaging of dangerous substances or preparations
must be treated in the same manner as the actual products contained in them.
European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on
packaging and packaging waste.
.
14. Information concerning transport
Not classified as dangerous in the meaning of transport regulations.
15. Regulatory information
This safety datasheet complies with the requirements of Regulation (EC) No.
1907/2006.
16. Other information
Review number and date: 4 15.09.2011
Date published: 15.09.2011
In respect of the previous review, changes have been made to the following
sections: 15
The information included in this Safety Data Sheet is based on our most up-to-date
knowledge, and is solely intended to inform regarding aspects of safety; the
properties and characteristics indicated herein are not guaranteed.(PEG 8000, Macrogol 8000, Macrogol)
CAS [25322-68-3]
 
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG 8000 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG 8000 is commonly expressed as H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH.

AVAILABLE FORMS AND NOMENCLATURE
PEG 8000, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 8000 is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 8000 has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass PEG 8000s are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[ 
PEG 8000 and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 8000 and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 8000 are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process - the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 8000, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 8000. Lower-molecular-weight PEG 8000s are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 8000 has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10-1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 8000.
PEG 8000s are also available with different geometries.
The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 8000s indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 8000 with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 8000 400.) Most PEG 8000s include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index(Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry.
PEG 8000ylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 8000 structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEG 8000ylated protein. PEG 8000ylated interferon alfa-2a or -2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection.
PEG 8000 is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants. 
PEG 8000s potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane. Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin. 
Polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw4 kDa) nanometric crystallites (4 nm)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) and related polymers (PEG 8000 phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications. However, as reported by Murali et al., PEG 8000 is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG 8000 degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells. It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG 8000 degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results. 
PEG 8000s and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the tradename Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name. They are used commercially in numerous applications, including as surfactants, in foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives. Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers.
Macrogol, used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol. The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight (e.g. macrogol 3350, macrogol 8000 or macrogol 6000).
 
PRODUCTION
Polyethylene glycol 400, pharmaceutical quality
Polyethylene glycol 8000, pharmaceutical quality
The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Laurence and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols.[ Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers.The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water, because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants.
HOCH2CH2OH + n(CH2CH2O) › HO(CH2CH2O)n+1H
Depending on the catalyst type, the mechanism of polymerization can be cationic or anionic. The anionic mechanism is preferable because it allows one to obtain PEG 8000 with a low polydispersity. Polymerization of ethylene oxide is an exothermic process. Overheating or contaminating ethylene oxide with catalysts such as alkalis or metal oxides can lead to runaway polymerization, which can end in an explosion after a few hours.
Polyethylene oxide, or high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation process. The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminium-, or calcium-organoelement compounds. To prevent coagulation of polymer chains from solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoximeare used.
Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol.
 
MEDICAL USES
PEG 8000 is the basis of a number of laxatives.[ Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy.
PEG 8000 is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products.
When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.
The possibility that PEG 8000 could be used to fuse nerve cells is being explored by researchers studying spinal cord injury.
 
CHEMICAL USES
The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 8000 in the 1980s
Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color
Because PEG 8000 is hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[ 
Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products. The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[ 
Since PEG 8000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 8000 one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique.
Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.
PEG 8000 has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm, and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.]In addition, PEG 8000 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[ 
PEG 8000 has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terra-Cotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.]These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang Di dynasty (first emperor of China). Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xian air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 8000 preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers
PEG 8000 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning.
PEG 8000 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants.
PEG 8000 is a polyol and can be reacted with an isocyanate to make polyurethane.
PEG 8000 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.
 
BIOLOGICAL USES
PEG 8000 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions
PEG 8000 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins.
PEG 8000 is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicinein 1984. 
Polymer segments derived from PEG 8000 polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions.
In microbiology, PEG 8000 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG 8000 is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro.
Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG 8000-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[21] The size of the PEG 8000 polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection.
PEG 8000 is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo. 
In blood banking, PEG 8000 is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies. 
When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 8000 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol.
In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.