Quick Search
CAS NUMBER: 608-93-5
EC NUMBER: 210-172-0
MOLECULAR FORMULA: HC6Cl5
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 250.34
Pentachlorobenzene is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6HCl5 which is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon.
Pentachlorobenzene consists of a benzene ring substituted with five chlorine atoms.
Pentachlorobenzene was once used industrially for a variety of uses, but because of environmental concerns there are currently no large scale uses of PeCB.
Pentachlorobenzene is a known persistent organic pollutant (POP) and banned globally.
Pentachlorobenzene can be produced as a byproduct of the manufacture of carbon tetrachloride and benzene.
Pentachlorobenzene is extracted by distillation and crystallization.
The direct production of pure Pentachlorobenzene is not practical because of the simultaneous production of other chlorinated compounds.
Since Pentachlorobenzene is generally produced in small quantities in the chlorination of benzene, it is also contained in other chlorobenzenes (dichlorobenzenes, trichlorobenzenes etc.)
A majority of the Pentachlorobenzene released into the environment is a result of backyard trash burning and municipal waste incineration.
Pentachlorobenzene appears as white crystals.
Pentachlorobenzene is a member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.
Pentachlorobenzene has a role as a persistent organic pollutant.
Pentachlorobenzene is also produced unintentionally during combustion in thermal and industrial processes.
Pentachlorobenzene appears as an impurity in products such as solvents or pesticides.
Pentachlorobenzene is a substance that looks like white or colorless crystals and has an odor.
Pentachlorobenzene is a man-made substance that is used to make another chemical, pentachloronitrobenzene.
Therefore, pentachlorobenzene enters the environment when pentachloronitrobenzene is used.
Pentachlorobenzene is used to make pentachloronitrobenzene, a fungicide.
Pentachlorobenzene has been and is currently used as a fire retardant.
Pentachlorobenzene can enter your body by eating or drinking contaminated food and water or by breathing contaminated air.
Pentachlorobenzene belongs to the group of chlorobenzenes, which are characterised by a benzene ring in which the hydrogen atoms are substituted by one or more chlorines.
Pentachlorobenzenes are neutral, thermally stable compounds with increasing stability and higher melting and boiling points with increasing chlorine substitution.
Pentachlorobenzene has a very low solubility in water.
Pentachlorobenzene is persistent in the environment and is bioaccumulative.
The small spatial variability in the ranges of air concentrations across the Northern Hemisphere indicates that Pentachlorobenzene has a very long atmospheric residence time and is widely distributed in the global hemisphere.
There are monitoring data from remote areas, backed up by modelling results that suggest that Pentachlorobenzene can be transported over long distances.
Pentachlorobenzene is moderately toxic to humans, but is very toxic to aquatic organisms.
As a result of the long range transport of Pentachlorobenzene, neither a single country nor a group of countries alone can abate the pollution caused by this substance.
Unintentional release of Pentachlorobenzene as a byproduct of incomplete combustion appears to be the largest current source.
Although the production and use of Pentachlorobenzene is ceased in most countries, its reintroduction remains possible.
This reintroduction could lead to increased releases and levels in the environment.
Based on the available evidence, Pentachlorobenzene is likely, as a result of its long range environmental transport, to lead to significant adverse human health and/or environment effects, such that global action is warranted.
Pentachlorobenzene can be detected by gas chromatography with either flame ionization or electron capture detection, or by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Pentachlorobenzene has been used as a pesticide, fungicide and flame retardant.
Pentachlorobenzene also may be produced during manufacturing processes or as a contaminant of pesticides.
Pentachlorobenzene was used as a pesticide, fungicide, and as a flame retardant.
Exposure may occur through Pentachlorobenzenes use as a chemical created during manufacturing processes, or as a contaminant in pesticides.
Pentachlorobenzene is expected to be in the atmosphere 68,1% adsorbed to soils, 0,2% dissolved in water bodies and the remaining 1,1% adsorbed to sediments.
Atmospherical Pentachlorobenzene is faster degraded than that in the soil or in water although it still has a half-life of 170 to 300 days.
Pentachlorobenzene can therefore be transported globally.
Pentachlorobenzene demonstrates a high bioaccumulation potential in fishes.
A variety of studies showed that fish tissues accumulate to concentrations which are between 6.500 and 13.000 times higher than those of their environment.
There appears to be however quite little biomagnification in aquatic food webs.
Pentachlorobenzene is a solid with very low volatility and solubility.
Once Pentachlorobenzene is dissolved, Pentachlorobenzene is moderately volatile and adsorbs very strongly to organic matter.
When present in the soil, Pentachlorobenzene volatilizes and dissolves very slowly.
In the dissolved phase, pentachlorobenzene can reach the water table or drain into a waterway where it will be diluted before partially volatilizing.
Fragments of pentachlorobenzene can also be carried into waterways where they will be deposited at the bottom and dissolve very slowly.
Once the source has been removed, the adsorbed phase will take a very long time to disappear, liberating contamination in either the gaseous or dissolved state.
The resulting plumes (gaseous and dissolved) are generally small in size.
Pentachlorobenzene was a component of a mixture of chlorobenzenes added to products containing polychlorinated biphenyls (transformer dielectric fluids) in order to reduce viscosity.
Approximately 200,000 kg of pentachlorobenzene are present in transformer dielectric fluids either in use or stored before disposal.
Pentachlorobenzene has also been used as a fire retardant.
Pentachlorobenzene, as an organic source of chlorobenzene, has been used as an insecticide, flame retardant, and insulating fluid, and it is also used in the synthesis of pentachloronitrobenzene; furthermore, pentachlorophenol, an organic pollutant derived from pentachlorobenzene, has attracted attention worldwide because of its strong neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and organ-sensitivity.
Pentachlorobenzene are a group of Chlorobenzenes that are characterized by the presence of a benzene ring in which the hydrogen atoms are replaced by five chlorine atoms.
Pentachlorobenzenes were also used in a Chlorobenzenes mixture with PCBs in electrical equipment.
Pentachlorobenzene as a component in PCB products, in dyestuff carriers, as a fungicide and a flame retardant and as a chemical intermediate e.g. production of Quintozene.
Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) is an important environmental contaminant derived primarily from the by-product con- tamination of the popular fungicides hexachlorobenzene and pentachloronitrobenzene.
Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) is part of a small class of chloro- benzenes that consists of 12 different isomers.
These isomers display a range of physico-chemical properties that are specifically related to the degree of chlorination and account for the broad range of applications for chlorinated benzenes in both home and industry.
However, in contrast to several other isomers that exhibit a high degree of industrial and domestic use, PeCB itself has only limited commercial applica- tions, most notably as a flame retardant and chemical inter- mediate.
Pentachlorobenzene was used to prepare tetrachlorobenzene by photolysis.
Pentachlorobenzene was determined in the water samples by packed sorbent (MEPS) coupled directly to programmed temperature vaporizer-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Pentachlorobenzene has been used as an intermediate for the synthesis of several compounds such as pentachloronitrobenzene.
Pentachlorophenol is a chlorinated compound that has been used as a herbicide, disinfectant, and antimicrobial agent.
Pentachlorobenzene has been added to adhesives, paints, paper coatings, food cans, and storage containers, and has also been used in leather tanning, pulp and paper production.
The 2D chemical structure image of Pentachlorobenzene is also called skeletal formula, which is the standard notation for organic molecules.
The carbon atoms in the chemical structure of Pentachlorobenzene are implied to be located at the corner(s) and hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are not indicated – each carbon atom is considered to be associated with enough hydrogen atoms to provide the carbon atom with four bonds.
The 3D chemical structure image of Pentachlorobenzene is based on the ball-and-stick model which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them.
The radius of the spheres is therefore smaller than the rod lengths in order to provide a clearer view of the atoms and bonds throughout the chemical structure model of PENTACHLOROBENZENE.
Pentachlorobenzene is a colourless, crystalline solid with apleasant aroma.
Pentachlorobenzene is not in wide commercial use, but is used in small quantities as an intermediate in the synthesis of some specialty chemicals, and has been used for producing the pesticide pentachloronitrobenzene and in producing transformer dielectric fluids.
Pentachlorobenzene was used to prepare tetrachlorobenzene by photolysis.
Pentachlorobenzene is relatively unreactive.
Pentachlorobenzene may be incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents.
Pentachlorobenzene also may be incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.
Pentachlorobenzene is used primarily as a precursor in the synthesis of the fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene, and as a flame retardant.
Pentachlorobenzene may enter the environment from leaking dielectric fluids containing this compound.
Pentachlorobenzene may be present as an undesirable by-product in the chemical manufacture of hexachlorobenzene, pentachloronitrobenzene, tetrachloroenzenes, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloroethane.
USES:
Pentachlorobenzene was used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides, particularly the fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene.
Pentachloronitrobenzene is now made by the chlorination of nitrobenzene in order to avoid the use of Pentachlorobenzene.
Pentachlorobenzene was a component of a mixture of chlorobenzenes added to products containing polychlorinated biphenyls in order to reduce viscosity.
Pentachlorobenzene has also been used as a fire retardant.
Pentachlorobenzene was previously used for various purposes:
-to reduce the viscosity of PCB products employed for heat transfer
-in dyestuff carriers
-as a fungicide
-in a flame retardant
-as a chemical intermediate such as the production of quintozene (a soil fungicide)
APPLICATION:
-Fungicide
-Dyestuff carrier
-Flame retardant
-Chemical intermediates, likewise used in the production of
-Quintozene
-Lubricant to reduce the viscosity of PCB products employed for heat.
PROPERTIES:
-Quality Level: 300
-grade: certified reference material
-shelf life: limited shelf life, expiry date on the label
-technique(s): HPLC: suitable, gas chromatography (GC): suitable
-bp: 275-277 °C (lit.)
-mp: 84-87 °C (lit.)
-density: 1.609 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
-application(s): environmental
-format: neat
-storage temp.: 2-8°C
TECHNICAL INFORMATION:
-Appearance: Powder or granules
-Physical State: Solid
-Storage: Store at room temperature
-Melting Point: 84-87° C (lit.)
-Boiling Point: 275-277° C (lit.)
-Density: 1.61 g/cm3 at 25° C
STORAGE:
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.
SYNONYM:
Benzene, pentachloro-
RCRA waste number U183
UNII-D62GWO6832
QCB
CHEBI:47136
1,2,3,4,5-pentachloro-benzene
D62GWO6832
CCRIS 5927
HSDB 2863
NSC 1857
EINECS 210-172-0
RCRA waste no. U183
BRN 1911550
Pentachlorbenzol
Maybridge1_002436
Pentachlorobenzene, 98%
DSSTox_CID_4247
DSSTox_RID_77341
DSSTox_GSID_24247
4-05-00-00669 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002454433
1,3,4,5-Pentachlorobenzene
CHEMBL44628
DivK1c_001188
