PENTAMETHYLDIETHYLENETRIAMINE (PMDETA)

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is prepared from diethylenetriamine by the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction, involving the use of formaldehyde and formic acid.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)s unique chemical configuration gives it remarkable catalytic and functional properties, making it valuable across a range of industrial applications.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is used to modify the reactivity of organolithium compounds, which deaggregate in the presence of Lewis bases to enhance their reactivity.

CAS Number: 3855-32-1
Molecular Formula: C11H27N3
Molecular Weight: 201.35
EINECS Number: 223-362-3

Synonyms: 2,6,10-Trimethyl-2,6,10-triazaundecane, 3855-32-1, 1,3-Propanediamine, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, R7P2U5FNE4, DTXSID1044564, N'-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N,N,N'-trimethylpropane-1,3-diamine, N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)-N,N',N'-trimethylpropane-1,3-diamine, Dipropylamine, 3,3'-bis(dimethylamino)-N-methyl-, NSC-123346, 1,3-Propanediamine, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, 1,3-Propanediamine, N1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N1,N3,N3-trimethyl-, N-Methyl-N,N-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amine, N,N,N'-Trimethyl-N'-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1,3-propanediamine, pmdpta, N,N,N'-Trimethyl-N'-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3-propanediamine, EINECS 223-362-3, MFCD00126936, NSC123346, NSC 123346, UNII-R7P2U5FNE4, EC 223-362-3, SCHEMBL272639, CHEMBL3183623, DTXCID9024564, SKCNNQDRNPQEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N, PENTAMETHYLIMINOBISPROPYLAMINE, Tox21_300392, AKOS015915211, NCGC00248018-01, NCGC00254536-01, BS-22815, bis3-(dimethylamino)propylamine, CAS-3855-32-1, CS-0197199, n-methyl-n,n-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, NS00005865, T1618, 3,3'-bis(dimethylamino)-n-methyldipropylamine, N,N,N',N'',N'-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), Dipropylamine,3'-bis(dimethylamino)-N-methyl-, E78147, n,n,n',n'',n''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), 3,3'-BIS(DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL)METHYLAMINE, N,N,N',N',N'-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), W-106478, 1, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, Q27893988, N,N,N',N',N''-PENTAMETHYLIMINOBIS(PROPYLAMINE), N,N,N',N'',N''-PENTAMETHYLDI-1,3-PROPYLENETRIAMINE, propane, 1-dimethylamino-3-(3-dimethylamino)propylmethylamino-, N,N'-Trimethyl-N'-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3-propanediamine, N-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)-N,N',N'-TRIMETHYL-1,3-PROPANEDIAMINE, N1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N1,N3,N3-trimethylpropane-1,3-diamine, 2,6,10-TRIMETHYL-2,6,10-TRIAZAUNDECANE,N-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)-N,N',N'-TRIMETHYLPROPANE-1,3-DIAMINE,N,N,N',N',N''-PENTAMETHYL DIPROPYLENE TRIAMINE,N,N,N',N'',N''-PENTAMETHYLDIPROPYLEN-TRIAMIN,N-METHYL-N,N-BIS[3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL]AMINE,3-Propanediamine,N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N,N’,N’-trimethyl-1,N,N,N’-Trimethyl-N’-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3-propanediamine,n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-n,n’,n’-trimethyl-3-propanediamine

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is a low gas foaming/gel balance catalyst, it can be used in polyether polyurethane soft foam, polyurethane rigid foam and coating, adhesive, etc., especially suitable for cold molding HR foam. 
The foam has good porosity and excellent performance in the manufacture of Maxfoam foaming process.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is an amine-based monomer compound that plays a crucial role in the field of polymers, particularly in the synthesis of TRPs- thermoresponsive polymers. 

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) acts as a versatile ligand or catalyst in various polymerization reactions. 
It forms complexes with transition metals, which are utilized in the production of specialty polymers, block copolymers, and polymers with modified properties. 
These polymers find applications across a broad range of industries, including thermoplastics, elastomers, and coatings. 

When incorporated into the polymer structure, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) helps impart thermoresponsive behavior to the final product, enabling reversible changes in solubility, conformation, or other physical properties in response to temperature variations. 
This makes Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) a valuable component in the synthesis and design of TRPs, which find uses in areas such as drug delivery systems, smart materials, and responsive coatings.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) carries primary, secondary and tertiary amine functionalities. 

Therefore, it is mainly used as epoxy and polyurethane catalyst (via the tertiary amine) and as a hardener / crosslinker for epoxy (via the primary and secondary amine).
Epoxy resins that are hardened by Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) are mainly used in areas of applications like adhesive, coatings and paints.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is a fast and efficient epoxy hardener suitable for cold curing applications. 

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) typically appears as a clear liquid with a color ranging from colorless to pale yellow, depending on its purity and handling conditions.
It possesses a characteristic amine-like odor, which is typical for compounds in this category and indicative of its functional groups.
The molecular weight of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is approximately 201.36 g/mol, making it a relatively lightweight yet highly functional amine.

Commonly, the ditertiary amine TMEDA is used in these applications, it binds to the lithium center as a bidentate ligand. 
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) behaves analogously, but since it is tridentate, it binds more strongly to lithium. 
In contrast to TMEDA, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) forms monomeric complexes with organolithium compounds. 

Both amines affect the regiochemistry of metalation.
In the Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), the Li-C bonds are highly polarized, thus increasing the basicity of the butyl group.
The effect of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) on lithium anilide is illustrative of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)'s complexing power. 

The complex, [{PhN(H)Li}3·2PMDTA], is trinuclear, featuring approximately colinear Li+ centers that are three-, four-, and five-coordinate. 
The central three-coordinate lithium atom is not bonded to Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA). 
One of the terminal Li centers is pseudo-tetrahedral in an N4 coordination sphere. 

The other terminal lithium atom is five-coordinate and binds to two anilino N centers and the PMDTA.
Unlike diethylenetriamine, all three amines in Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) are tertiary. 
Both Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) and diethylenetriamine are tridentate ligands that form two five-membered chelate rings. 

The σ-donating properties of the amino groups of diethylenetriamine are greater than that of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) in copper(II) complexes.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)2NCH2CH2]2NCH3. 
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is a basic, bulky, and flexible, tridentate ligand that is a used in organolithium chemistry. 

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellowish.
Both ligands can coordinate metal complexes in arrangements where the three nitrogen centers are co-planar or mutually cis.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is a highly specialized chemical compound that belongs to the family of tertiary amines and is notable for its structure, which contains three nitrogen atoms connected by two propylene groups, with all nitrogen atoms being substituted with methyl groups.

Boiling point: 102 °C / 1mmHg
Density: 0,83 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 2hPa at 10℃
refractive index: 1.4450 to 1.4480
Flash point: 92°C
pka: 9.88±0.28(Predicted)
form: clear liquid
color: Colorless to Yellow to Green
Water Solubility: 193.9g/L at 25℃
LogP: 0 at 25℃

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) often forms five-coordinate complexes due to steric bulk of the methyl groups. 
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) stabilize unusual cations. 
In the production and processing of epoxy resins, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) acts as a curing agent or accelerator that facilitates the cross-linking reactions between epoxy groups and curing agents. 

This results in the development of mechanically robust and chemically resistant materials suitable for coatings, adhesives, and composite manufacturing.
Due to its catalytic properties, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is widely used in two-component adhesive systems, where it enhances the curing process and improves the bond strength of adhesives used in demanding applications, such as construction, electronics, and aerospace.

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is utilized as a corrosion inhibitor in water treatment systems, where it forms protective films on the surfaces of metals to prevent oxidation and degradation. 
This application is critical in industries such as power generation, petrochemicals, and municipal water systems.
In textile finishing, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is used as an auxiliary agent to improve the adhesion of coatings and treatments applied to fabrics. 

This enhances the durability and performance of textiles, especially those used in technical applications like protective clothing and industrial filters.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is employed in drilling fluids and as a component in formulations designed to prevent corrosion in pipelines and equipment. 
Its ability to stabilize emulsions and protect metal surfaces ensures the reliability and efficiency of operations in harsh environments.

The key advantages of using Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) stem from its unique combination of properties. 
Its high catalytic activity, derived from its tertiary amine groups, makes it a powerful activator in reactions involving isocyanates, epoxides, and other reactive groups.
Additionally, its excellent solubility in both aqueous and organic systems allows for seamless integration into a wide variety of chemical formulations, from adhesives to coatings. 

Furthermore, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) contributes to energy-efficient processes by enabling faster reaction times and lower curing temperatures, which can reduce operational costs and environmental impact.
With a boiling point around 235°C, it is stable under most industrial processing conditions but requires appropriate precautions during handling at elevated temperatures.
At room temperature, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) has a density of about 0.87 g/cm³, which reflects its compatibility with various solvents and its ease of handling in liquid form.

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is highly soluble in water, alcohols, and many organic solvents, enabling its incorporation into diverse chemical systems without the need for extensive pretreatment.
As a tertiary amine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) exhibits high basicity and nucleophilicity, making it a highly effective catalyst and reactant in numerous chemical reactions, particularly those requiring the activation of carbonyl or epoxide groups.
When handling Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), safety precautions are critical due to its chemical reactivity and potential to cause irritation upon contact with skin or eyes. 

Inhalation of vapors, especially during high-temperature processes, should be avoided. 
Proper storage conditions include keeping the compound in tightly sealed containers, stored in cool, dry, and well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and strong oxidizing agents. 
When working with Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection should be used to minimize risks. 

Additionally, spills should be contained and cleaned promptly to prevent environmental contamination.
The first cationic derivative of alane, [H2Al(PMDTA)]+[AlH4]− was prepared by treating H3AlNMe3 with PMDTA.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) plays a critical role as a highly efficient catalyst in the production of both flexible and rigid polyurethane foams. 

Its function is to accelerate the urethane and urea reactions between isocyanates and polyols or water, leading to the rapid formation of foamed structures. 
This is especially important in industries such as automotive, construction, and furniture, where polyurethane foams are extensively used for insulation, cushioning, and structural purposes.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is a low odor catalyst. Provides good balance between gel and blow. 

It is very useful in cold-molded HR foams. Used for elastomers, RIM, RRIM, rigid polyurethane- and packaging foam. 
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is suitable for ester and ether slabstock, HR molded flexible foams and microcellulars. 

Uses Of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA):
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is commonly used in protective coatings for industrial equipment, pipelines, and flooring. 
Additionally, epoxy adhesives with Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) are employed in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics, where high bond strength and reliability are essential.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) also finds use in the production of advanced materials and formulations where its catalytic properties are leveraged to improve process efficiency and product performance.

Chemical synthesis: Used as a reagent or intermediate in the production of specialty chemicals.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is an integral component in two-component adhesive systems, where it acts as a catalyst to speed up the curing process and enhance the bonding performance. 
Its ability to facilitate chemical cross-linking results in adhesives that are both strong and durable.

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) contributes to faster adhesion and provides excellent bonding strength, even under challenging environmental conditions such as high temperatures or exposure to chemicals.
The adhesives formulated with Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) are used in structural bonding for construction, automotive manufacturing, and electronics assembly. 
Sealants containing Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) are employed for creating water-tight and air-tight seals in pipelines, machinery, and construction joints.

Another important application of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is as a corrosion inhibitor in water treatment systems and industrial processes. 
Its effectiveness lies in its ability to form a thin protective film on metal surfaces, which prevents oxidation and corrosion caused by exposure to water or aggressive chemicals.
By safeguarding metal components, PMDPT extends the lifespan of equipment and reduces maintenance costs.

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is used in cooling towers, boilers, and heat exchangers, as well as in pipelines and storage tanks in the oil and gas industry.
In the oil and gas sector, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is employed in multiple roles, including as an additive in drilling fluids and as a component of corrosion prevention formulations. 
Its unique properties make it suitable for handling the harsh conditions often encountered in these industries.

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) stabilizes emulsions during drilling operations and protects critical infrastructure, such as pipelines and processing equipment, from the corrosive effects of water and chemicals.
Drilling fluids with Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) improve operational efficiency, while corrosion inhibitors containing PMDPT help maintain the integrity of offshore platforms, pipelines, and refineries.

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is used in the textile industry as a finishing agent that enhances the adhesion of coatings or treatments to fabric surfaces. 
Its role in improving the durability and performance of treated textiles is especially important for technical fabrics used in specialized applications.
Textiles treated with Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) exhibit enhanced resistance to wear, improved water repellency, and better adhesion of dyes or coatings.

This application is particularly relevant for protective clothing, industrial filters, and outdoor fabrics where durability and performance are critical.
Mainly used to produce phenol through alkali fusion, and also used to produce resorcinol, etc. 
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is often used as a catalyst in esterification and dehydration reactions, Dye intermediate

A catalyst in the synthesis of multifunctional silicone acrylate prepolymers for use in UV-curable coatings.
A multifunctional initiating and cross-linking agent in the synthesis of polyacrylamide hydrogels. 
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) improves the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, such as toughness and resilience, without compromising their biocompatibility.

An organocatalyst in ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate. 
This catalyst can be easily removed after the reaction compared to metal catalysts.
A catalyst along with CuBr to synthesize a series of side-chain azobenzene Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) via the atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) technique.

An initiator to grow polystyrene chains to prepare polyolefin-polystyrene copolymers.
One of the most significant applications of PMDPT is in the production of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, where it serves as a highly effective catalyst. 
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) facilitates the critical reactions between isocyanates and polyols or water, which are the key steps in foam formation. 

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)s catalytic activity ensures that these reactions occur efficiently, leading to the rapid generation of foam structures.
By enhancing reaction speed and efficiency, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) contributes to the production of foams with consistent quality, improved mechanical properties, and high durability.
Flexible foams are widely used in everyday items such as furniture cushions, mattresses, and automotive seat padding, while rigid foams play a crucial role in thermal insulation for buildings, refrigeration systems, and industrial equipment.

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is extensively utilized as a curing accelerator in epoxy resin formulations, where it significantly reduces curing times and enhances the overall performance of the final material. 
The curing process involves cross-linking epoxy molecules to create a rigid and durable network, and PMDPT helps optimize this reaction.
The use of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) leads to epoxy resins with superior mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and thermal stability, making them suitable for demanding applications.

Safety Profile Of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA):
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is a strong irritant and can cause redness, itching, and inflammation upon contact with skin.
Prolonged or repeated exposure may result in more severe irritation or dermatitis.
Direct contact with Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) can result in serious eye irritation, causing redness, pain, tearing, and potential temporary damage.

If not washed promptly, exposure may lead to chemical burns.
Inhalation of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) vapors or mists, especially in poorly ventilated areas, can irritate the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation.
High concentrations could cause more severe respiratory distress.

Accidental ingestion of Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) can be harmful and may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Severe ingestion may lead to systemic toxicity.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) has the potential to cause allergic skin reactions or respiratory sensitization in some individuals upon repeated exposure.

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) is a chemical synthesis intermediate material. Please avoid contact with eyes and skin during use. 
If there is contact, please rinse with plenty of water and send it to a doctor for treatment.
Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) can cause adverse effects upon direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion due to its basicity and amine-like properties.