PENTANEDIAL

CAS:    111-30-8
MF:    C5H8O2
MW:    100.12
EINECS:    203-856-5

Definition
Pentanedial is a well-known sensitizer among cleaners and healthcare professionals.
Pentandial is also found in X-ray developer products.
Pentandial can also be found in cosmetic products.
Forms a polymer solution on contact with water.
Pentandial is a powerful reducing agent.
Incompatible with strong acids; Examples include caustics, ammonia, amines and strong oxidizers.
Alkaline solutions of Pentanedial react with alcohol, ketones, amines, hydrazines and proteins.
Pentandial is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)3(CHO)2.
The molecule consists of five carbon chains terminated twice by groups of formula (CHO).
Pentandial is often used as a solution in water, and such solutions exist as a collection of hydrates and condensation products, many of which interconvert.
Because the molecule has two carbonyl groups that are reactive towards primary amine groups (such as their hydrates), Pentanedial can act as a cross-linking agent for any substance with primary amine groups and develop imine-linked linkage.
Crosslinking hardens and disables many biological functions, so Pentanedial solutions are used as biocides and fixatives.
As a disinfectant, Pentanedial is used to sterilize surgical instruments.

Pentanedial Chemical Properties
Melting point: -15 °C
Boiling point: 100 °C
Density: 1.058 g/mL at 20 °C
Vapor density: 1.05 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 15 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.450
Fp: 100°C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Form: Solution
Specific Gravity: 1.06
Color: Clear to slight haze
PH: >3.0 (H2O, 20°C)
Water Solubility: miscible
Merck: 14,4472
BRN: 605390
Exposure limits    Ceiling (ACGIH): 0.8 mg/m3 (0.2 ppm).
InChIKey: SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 111-30-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Pentanedial(111-30-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Pentanedial (111-30-8)

Pentanedial is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, which readily changes to a glossy polymer. 
The Odor Threshold is 0.04 ppm (NY) and 0.2 ppm (NJ). 
Pentanedial is miscible in water and organic solvents. 
Pentanedial may be incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong bases. 
Pentanedial should be noted that alkaline solutions containing glutaraldehyde may react with alcohol, ketones, amines, hydrazines, and proteins.
Pentanedial is a slightly irritating odor of colorless or yellowish clear liquid, it is soluble in water and ether, ethanol and other organic solvents.
The free form of Pentanedial in aqueous solution is not much, a large number of different forms of hydrate, and most of the ring structure of the hydrate form exists.
Pentanedial is active in nature, easy to polymerize and oxidize, and will react with compounds containing active oxygen and nitrogen-containing compounds.

Uses    
As broad-spectrum antimicrobial cold sterilant/disinfectant for hospital equipment; as tanning agent for leather; as tissue fixative; as cross-linking agent for proteins; as preservative in cosmetics; as therapeutic agent for warts, hyperhidrosis, and dermal mycotic infections; in X ray processing solutions and film emulsion; as a disinfectant in the beauty industry.
Pentanedial is a broad-spectrum preservative that can cause skin irritation. 
Pentanedial is an amino acid occurring in green sugar beets.
Pentanedial is commonly used in the medical industry in cold sterilization and in the X-ray development process. 
Pentanedial can also be encountered in the leather industry as a tanning ingredient and in mortuary workers. 
There are no reports which indicate that Pentanedial is a naturally occurring compound. 
Cidex and Acusol, 2% buffered solutions, use Pentanedial as an active ingredient.
Sodium bicarbonate is required to activate the solution, which then has a shelf life of 1–2 weeks. 
Despite health hazards involved with its use, Pentanedial is one of the most effective biocides used. 
Pentanedial is particularly effective against bacteria and viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus.
Pentanedial is used to disinfect medical and dental equipment. 
Pentanedial is also used for industrial water treatment and as a preservative.    

Biochem/physiol Actions    
Pentanedial is an effective protein crosslinker and finds application in techniques like enzyme immobilisation microscopy, histochemistry and cytochemistry. 
Pentanedial exists in different forms under acidic or neutral conditions. 
Pentanedial is a biocide widely used as a disinfectant in hospitals and industries and is toxic to aquatic organisms. 
Pentanedial's allergic nature leads to hypersensitivity reactions. 
Contact of Pentanedial vapors in endoscopy contributes to Colitis.
Pentanedial is a strong irritant to the nose,eyes, and skin. 
In rabbits, 250 μg and 500 mg in 24 hours produced severe irritation in theeyes and skin, respectively. 
The corrosiveeffect on human skin of 6 mg over 3 dayswas severe. 
However, the acute toxicity ofglutaraldehyde by the oral and dermal routesis low to mild. 
Ohsumi and Kuroki (1988)determined that the symptoms of acute toxicityof this compound were less severethan those of formaldehyde. 
But the restraintof growth was more pronounced in micetreated with Pentanedial. 
An oral LD50value of 1300 mg/kg was reported for mice.
Inhalation of this compound can cause upperrespiratory tract irritation, headache, and nervousness.
Mice exposed at 33 ppm showedsymptoms of hepatitis.

Purification Methods    
Likely impurities are oxidation products-acids, semialdehydes and polymers. 
Pentanedial can be purified by repeated washing with activated charcoal (Norit) followed by vacuum filtration, using 15-20g charcoal/100mL of glutaraldehyde solution. 
Distil it at 60-65o/15mm, discarding the first 5-10%, then dilute with an equal volume of freshly distilled water at 70-75o, using magnetic stirring under nitrogen. 
The solution is stored at low temperature (3-4o), in a tightly stoppered container, and protected from light. 
Standardise by titration with hydroxylamine. 

Synonyms
glutaraldehyde
Pentanedial
Glutaral
111-30-8
Glutaric dialdehyde
Cidex
1,5-Pentanedial
Sonacide
Glutardialdehyde
Pentane-1,5-dial
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaraldehyd
Glutaralum
Glutarol
Ucarcide
Aldesan
Alhydex
Hospex
1,3-Diformylpropane
Gluteraldehyde
1,5-Pentanedione
Aldesen
Novaruca
Sporicidin
Sterihyde L
Aldehyd glutarowy
NCI-C55425
Glutaclean
Sterihyde
Aqucar
Veruca-sep
Relugan GT
Relugan GTW
component of Cidex
Glutarex 28
NSC 13392
Sonacide (TN)
Cidex 7
Ucarcide 250
Relugan GT 50
Sterihyde L (TN)
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
NSC-13392
Glutaral (JAN/USP/INN)
Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
CHEBI:64276
T3C89M417N
1, 5-Pentanedial
MFCD00007025
NCGC00091110-01
DSSTox_CID_5355
DSSTox_RID_77761
DSSTox_GSID_25355
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 25%
Caswell No. 468
Glutaraldehyd [Czech]
Glutaraldehyde solution
1,3-Diformyl propane
Diswart
Gludesin
Glutaralum [INN-Latin]
Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial
Polyglutaraldehyde
Aldehyd glutarowy [Polish]
Glutaral [USAN:INN:JAN]
CAS-111-30-8
Poly(glutaraldehyde)
CCRIS 3800
HSDB 949
EINECS 203-856-5
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 043901
Glutaric dialdehyde solution
BRN 0605390
pentandial
Dioxopentane
Glutural
Ucarset
Verucasep
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~25% in H2O
Virsal
UNII-T3C89M417N
Glutaral(usan)
glutaric dihydride
Glutaral [USAN:USP:INN:JAN]
GLUTARALDEHYDE, 25% SOLN
Glutaral concentrate
Bactron K31
Ucarcide 225
Glutaraldehyde solution (50% or less)
Pentanedial, homopolymer
GLUTARAL [HSDB]
GLUTARAL [INCI]
GLUTARAL [USAN]
pentane-1,5-dialdehyde
GLUTARAL [INN]
GLUTARAL [JAN]
Glutaral, INN, USAN
GLUTARAL [MART.]
Protectol GDA, GT 50
SCHEMBL836
WLN: VH3VH
GLUTARAL [WHO-DD]
EC 203-856-5
GLUTARALDEHYDE [MI]
Pentane-1,5-dial solution
GLUTARALDEHYDE [FCC]
4-01-00-03659 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0299
GLUTARALDEHYDE [VANDF]
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 50%
GLUTARAL [USP IMPURITY]
CHEMBL1235482
DTXSID6025355
AMY3308
Bio1_000462
Bio1_000951
Bio1_001440
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25% w/w
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50% w/w
Glutaraldehyde solution, 70% w/w
NSC13392
STR01121
ZINC1729593
Tox21_111083
Tox21_201742
Tox21_303295
STL281872
AKOS008967285
Glutaraldehyde (50per cent in water)
DB03266
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25%sol. In water
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25% sol. in water
NCGC00091110-02
NCGC00091110-03
NCGC00257231-01
NCGC00259291-01
GLUTARAL CONCENTRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25 wt. % in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O
FT-0626730
G0067
G0068
EN300-18037
D01120
Glutaraldehyde solution, for synthesis, 25.0%
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade II, 25% in H2O
A802339
Q416475
Glutaraldehyde solution, for in vitro diagnostic use
Q-201162
Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O, FCC
F2191-0161
Glutaraldehyde solution, SAJ first grade, 20.0-26.0%
Glutaraldehyde solution, technical, ~25% in H2O (2.6 M)
Glutaraldehyde solution, technical, ~50% in H2O (5.6 M)
Glutaraldehyde solution, 1.2 % (w/v) glutaraldehyde in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~50% in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~8% in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50% in H2O, suitable for photographic applications
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 25% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 50% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 70% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 8% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use