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Peractive AC White comes as cream-colored granules.
Peractive AC White describes a range of effective bleach activators.
In combination with sodium percarbonate (SPC) or H2O2, they enable the removal of bleachable stains from fabrics and dishes at temperatures from 30 to 60°C.
CAS: 10543-57-4
MF: C10H16N2O4
MW: 228.24
EINECS: 234-123-8
Peractive AC White is a model system that has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Peractive AC White has an inhibitory dose of 0.2 mg/L, and it can be used as a wastewater treatment agent.
Peractive AC White inhibits bacterial growth by reacting with nitrogen atoms in the cell wall and forming an inorganic acid that destroys the cell membrane.
Peractive AC White also has high antibacterial efficacy against various surface-associated bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.
Additionally they provide a high standard of hygiene in automatic dishwashing and laundry applications by the in-situ generation of peracetic acid.
Peractive AC White bleach activators are produced with high purity in a solvent-free process with water as only by-product.
They are safe for consumers and the environment, have a low toxicological / ecotoxicological profile and are readily biodegradable.
Peractive AC White, commonly abbreviated as TAED, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3C(O))2NCH2CH2N(C(O)CH3)2.
This white solid is commonly used as a bleach activator in laundry detergents and for paper pulp. Peractive AC White is produced by acetylation of ethylenediamine.
In the future, Peractive AC White may be used to develop new bleaching agents for use in laundry detergents and other cleaning products.
Additionally, Peractive AC White may be used in the synthesis of new pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other chemicals.
Peractive AC White may also be used to synthesize new polymers and other materials for industrial applications.
Finally, Peractive AC White may be used to develop new chelating agents for use in laboratory experiments.
Peractive AC White is a useful reagent for laboratory experiments, as it is relatively stable and non-toxic.
Peractive AC White is also inexpensive and readily available.
However, Peractive AC White is sensitive to light and air, and must be stored in a cool, dry place.
Peractive AC White is widely used in detergent industry as an excellent bleaching activator to provide effective bleaching activation at lower temperature and lower PH value.
Peractive AC White can greatly boost the performance of peroxide bleaching to achieve more rapid bleaching and improve the whiteness.
Besides, Peractive AC White has low toxicity and is a non-sensitizing product, which biodegrades to form carbon dioxide, water, ammonia and nitrate.
On account of its unique advantages, Peractive AC White is popularly used in the bleaching system of detergent, textile and paper making industries etc.
Peractive AC White is an activator of bleaching agents such as sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate in detergents
Peractive AC White enables clothes to be cleaned effectively and safely at lower temperatures, thereby reducing energy usage and minimizing environmental impact.
Peractive AC White reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form the powerful color-safe bleaching agent, stain remover, odor eliminator, and sanitizer that is largely non-toxic and readily biodegradable.
Peractive AC White has low aquatic ecotoxicity, non-irritating effects on the skin and eyes, and Peractive AC White is neither mutagenic nor teratogenic.
Peractive AC White has been included in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Safer Choice program.
Peractive AC White removes a broad range of stains, such as tea, coffee and red wine through an oxidative process.
As a mild oxidizing agent, the peracetic acid produced by Peractive AC White is safe for textile dyes and fibers verses sodium hypochlorite.
The optimum pH to use Peractive AC White is 9-11.
Peractive AC White is the safer alternative to bleach for colored fabrics.
Peractive AC White Chemical Properties
Melting point: 149-154 °C
Boiling point: 140 °C (1.5002 mmHg)
Density: 0.9
Refractive index: 1.4550 (estimate)
Fp: 140 °C
pka: -1.23±0.70(Predicted)
Form: Granular Powder
Color: Off-white to beige
Water Solubility: slightly soluble
Merck: 14,9028
BRN: 1795711
InChIKey: BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 10543-57-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Peractive AC White(10543-57-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Peractive AC White (10543-57-4)
Powdered Peractive AC White is stabilized by granulation with the aid of the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), which are sometimes additionally coated blue or green.
Despite the relatively low solubility of Peractive AC White in cool water, (1 g/L at 20 °C), the granulate dissolves rapidly in the washing liquor.
The peroxyacetic acid formed has bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal properties, thereby enabling Peractive AC White with percarbonate to disinfect and deodorize.
Use and mechanism of action
Peractive AC White is an important component of laundry detergents that use "active oxygen" bleaching agents.
Active oxygen bleaching agents include sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium perphosphate, sodium persulfate, and urea peroxide.
These compounds release hydrogen peroxide during the wash cycle, but the release of hydrogen peroxide is low when these compounds used in temperatures below 45 °C (113 °F).
Peractive AC White and hydrogen peroxide react to form peroxyacetic acid, a more efficient bleach, allowing lower temperature wash cycles, around 40 °C (104 °F).
Peractive AC White was first used in a commercial laundry detergent in 1978 (Skip by Unilever).
Currently, Peractive AC White is the main bleach activator used in European laundry detergents and has an estimated annual consumption of 75 kt.
Peractive AC White is a bleaching activator which is mainly used in detergents and additives for laundry washing and dishwashing.
Typical concentrations of Peractive AC White range between 1.4% and 13% in these products.
A small amount of the produced Peractive AC White is also used in bleaching of paper, textiles and for the generation of Peracetic acid.
Peroxide bleach activator for household detergents, paper pulp.
Peractive AC White is used as a peroxide bleach activator in household detergents and for paper pulp.
Peractive AC White also serves as an important component of laundry detergents and bleaches, where Peractive AC White is used as an activator for active oxygen bleaching agents such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium perphosphate and sodium persulfate.
Peractive AC White reacts with the perhydroxyl anion HO2- in the presence of aqueous alkaline solution to prepare triacetylethylenediamine and diacetylethylenediamine with the release of peracetic acid, which is a fast acting bleaching agent.
Peractive AC White is a kind of efficient low temperature oxygen system bleaching active agent, which is made of ethylenediamine and acetic anhydride.
Peractive AC White can be biodegraded without any harm to the environment.
In all kinds of washing powder formulations, the product will not affect the functions of silicate, whitening agent, enzyme and other washing AIDS, mainly as the additives of oxygen system bleaching agents.
Peractive AC White can make the chemical Book oxygen bleaching agent give full play to its unique functions of whitening, brightening, antivirus and sterilization at low temperature, and has good compatibility with various enzymes and other surfactants, and no toxin, etc.
Washing industry:
Peractive AC White might work as a peroxide activator, it can improve the washing and disinfection and bactericidal functions of peroxide in low temperature water.
Peractive AC White can also help in Bleaching agent, which is an important assistant in detergent.
There are two main types of bleaching agent, oxygen bleaching agent and chlorine bleaching agent. Among many detergents, bleaching detergents have high whitening, brightening, disinfection, sterilization and scale removal effects on fabrics.
Therefore, since the advent of bleaching detergents in the 1970s, they have been widely favored by people.
More than 90% of detergents in European market are added with oxygen-containing bleaching agent.
Sales of this kind of oxygen-containing bleaching detergent in American market are also increasing at an annual growth rate of 20%-25%.
Among bleaching agents, oxygen-containing bleaching agents, especially peroxide bleaching agents, have more development prospects than traditional chlorine-containing bleaching agents.
Oxygen-containing bleaching agent is non-toxic, chlorine-free, suitable for all fibers and non-ferrous fabrics, and has good compatibility with various surfactants and enzymes, so Peractive AC White is more popular among consumers.
Peractive AC White is the most widely used oxygen bleaching agent, accounting for about 75% of the total use.
Because of the high stability of sodium perborate, the bleaching effect of sodium perborate can be effectively achieved only when the initial ecological oxygen is released above 70 qC, but a large number of synthetic fibers and wool fabrics can not adapt to this temperature.
Peractive AC White is necessary to develop an activator which can promote its bleaching effect at low temperature.
Peractive AC White is the bleaching activator that can meet this requirement.
Peractive AC White has excellent low temperature bleaching performance, good environmental protection performance and suitable price.
Peractive AC White has become the European standard bleaching activator system.
Among the bleaching detergents used in Europe, 75%-80% use Peractive AC White.
Some studies have shown that when the content of tetraacetylethylenediamine reaches 1.5%-5.0% in detergent formulation, Peractive AC White can play its bleaching effect at room temperature.
Peractive AC White is a white or yellowish crystal.
Peractive AC White's structure is shown in the figure.
The melting point is 149 - 151 C.
Textile printing and dyeing:
The hydrogen peroxide/ Peractive AC White bleaching system is a new method for textile bleaching.
Peractive AC White can not only reduce the bleaching temperature, obtain good bleaching effect at low temperature, but also bleach under near neutral conditions, so Peractive AC White can play a good protective role on cellulose.
Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the country's requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction are getting higher and higher, and as a major energy consumer of hydropower, textile printing and dyeing industry has been in the state's strict monitoring.
The hydrogen peroxide/ Peractive AC White) bleaching system can effectively reduce energy consumption, save time, reduce costs, and reduce environmental and social pressures.
Preparation
Peractive AC White is produced in a two stage process from ethylenediamine (ED) and acetic anhydride (Ac2O).
Peractive AC White is first diacetylated to DAED.
In the second step DAED is subsequently converted with Ac2O via TriAED into Peractive AC White (Clariant, 1999).
Peractive AC White is crystallized out of the reaction mixture, filtered, washed and dried, and if necessary also granulated.
The raw materials used occur almost quantitatively in the product.
Byproducts are not formed.
Peractive AC White was prepared by acetylation of diacetylethylenediamine (DAED) with acetic anhydride in a 5 L reactor coupled with a packed distillation column, 2.5 cm in inside diameter and 1 m in length.
The reaction temperature was set at 135 °C and the reflux ratio at 6.
The molar ratio of acetic anhydride to DAED was varied from 3 to 5.
A Peractive AC White yield as high as 80% was obtained, higher by 15% than in the absence of distillation.
Synthesis Method
Peractive AC White is produced by the reaction of acetic anhydride with ethylenediamine. The reaction of acetic anhydride with ethylenediamine produces TPeractive AC White and acetic acid as byproducts.
The reaction is typically conducted at temperatures of between 120-150°C.
Biochemical and Physiological Effects
Peractive AC White has been shown to have minimal toxicity in humans and animals.
Peractive AC White is not absorbed through the skin and is rapidly excreted from the body.
In laboratory studies, Peractive AC White has been shown to have no mutagenic or carcinogenic effects.
Health Hazard
Peractive AC White is of very low toxicity by all exposure routes examined.
Up to 2 g/kg BW there is no acute toxicity.
Peractive AC White is practically non-irritating to skin and eyes and there is no evidence of a sensitizing potential by skin contact.
The only effect after repeated oral and dermal dosing was reversible centrilobular hypertrophy in the liver at high doses due to the induction of metabolizing enzymes.
In a 90-day whole body inhalation study no adverse effects in the rat lung, respiratory tract or nasal mucosa were observed.
Biokinetic data showed that Peractive AC White is rapidly absorbed from the rat intestine and largely metabolized via diacetylation to TriAED and DAED which are excreted in the urine.
Synonyms
Tetraacetylethylenediamine
10543-57-4
N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetylethylenediamine
TAED
N-Acetyl-N-[2-(diacetylamino)ethyl]acetamide
Acetamide, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-acetyl-
Tetracetylethylenediamine
N,N'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)
N,N'-Ethylenebis(N-acetylacetamide)
N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)
tetraacetyl ethylenediamine
N,N'-Ethylenebis(diacetamide)
P411ED0N2B
Acetamide, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis(N-acetyl-
MFCD00014967
N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbis(N-acetyl-Acetamide
N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbis[N-acetyl-Acetamide
UNII-P411ED0N2B
EINECS 234-123-8
PERACTIVE AC
NIKON A
TAED [INCI]
TAED [MI]
EC 234-123-8
WARWICK B 610
N-acetyl-N-[2-(N-acetylacetamido)ethyl]acetamide
SCHEMBL20390
DTXSID5040752
CHEBI:166456
n,n,n,n-tetraacetylethylenediamine
ZINC2015842
N,N'-Ethylenebis(diacetamide), 8CI
AKOS005207256
SB79596
NCGC00164405-01
AS-65802
DB-040621
FT-0629347
T0946
D92422
N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)
N-Acetyl-N-[2-(diacetylamino)ethyl]acetamide #
A801241
N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbis[N-acetylacetamide], 9CI
Q419209
J-001421
N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetylethylenediamine, technical, >=90% (CHN)
