PERCHLOROETHYLENE

Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene) is a colourless liquid with a slightly ethereal odour. 
Perchloroethylene is marginally soluble in water and soluble in most organic solvents.
Perchloroethylene (chemical formula Cl2C=CCl2) is a chlorinate hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. 

CAS Number: 127-18-4
Molecular Formula: C2Cl4
Molecular Weight: 165.83
EINECS Number: 204-825-9

Perchloroethylene is a colorless, volatile, nonflammable liquid with an ether-like odor. 
The major part of Perchloroethylene is produced by high temperature chlorinolysis of light hydrocarbons.
Perchloroethylene has a limited number of uses and applications. 

Perchloroethylene is used as intermediate, as dry cleaning agent in the industrial and professional sector, as surface cleaning agent in industrial settings, as heat transfer medium in industrial settings, and in film cleaning and copying by professionals. 
Perchloroethylene is also used as a chemical intermediate in the production of fluorinated compounds and in industrial surface cleaning metal degreasing. 
Occupational exposure to Perchloroethylene is possible in the manufacturing facilities or the industrial facilities where it is used as an intermediate.

Perchloroethylene, also known as tetrachloroethylene, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2Cl4. 
Perchloroethylene is a colorless, nonflammable liquid that has a sweet odor. 
Perchloroethylene is commonly used as a solvent in the dry cleaning industry, where it is effective at removing grease, oil, and stains from fabrics. 

Perchloroethylene is also utilized in metal degreasing and in the production of some chemicals.
Perchloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene is a solvent, which is sometimes simply called "perchlo". 
Perchloroethylene was first synthesised in 1821 by Michael Faraday, by heating hexachloroethane until it decomposed into perchloroethylene and dichlorine (Cl₂). 

This Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) is mainly used for dry cleaning fabrics and for degreasing metals. 
Perchloroethylene is on the IARC's list of group 2A carcinogens and may cause neurological, kidney and hepatic disorders.
Perchloroethylene is a colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.

Perchloroethylene, also known under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, and abbreviations such as "perc" (or "PERC"), and "PCE", is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2. 
Perchloroethylene is a colorless liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics, hence it is sometimes called "dry-cleaning fluid". 
Perchloroethylene also has its uses as an effective automotive brake cleaner. 

Perchloroethylene has a mild sweet odor, similar to the smell of chloroform, detectable by most people at a concentration of 1 part per million (1 ppm).
Perchloroethylene or “Perc” is a colorless, noncombustible, volatile organic compound (VOC) typically found in liquid form. 
The compound turns into vapors at room temperature.

Perchloroethylene is a colorless, nonflammable liquid solvent with a sweet, ether-like odor. 
Perchloroethylene is primarly used as a chemical intermediate in the product of several fluroinated compounds and is also utilized in end uses which include industrial and commercial cleaning, automotive aerosols, wool scouring and paper coatings.
Perchloroethylene is used as a solvent in dry cleaning processes. 

Perchloroethylene is excellent cleaning properties, non-flammability, and ability to dissolve a wide range of stains make it an ideal choice for dry cleaning fabrics, including delicate garments and textiles.
Perchloroethylene is widely used as a degreasing agent in metalworking industries. 
Perchloroethylene effectively removes oils, greases, and contaminants from metal surfaces, preparing them for subsequent processes such as painting, coating, or machining.

Perchloroethylene serves as a key intermediate in the production of various chemicals. 
Perchloroethylene is used as a starting material in the synthesis of hydrofluorocarbons, refrigerants with no ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential.
Perchloroethylene is utilized in the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), a key precursor for the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 

Through a series of chemical reactions, Perchloroethylene is transformed into various intermediates that ultimately lead to the production of VCM.
Perchloroethylene is employed for cleaning and surface treatment of metals, including precision components, automotive parts, and electronic equipment. 
Perchloroethylene helps remove contaminants, oils, and residues from metal surfaces to enhance their quality and performance. 

Perchloroethylene also is used as a chemical maskant applied to commercial and military aircraft skins to protect sensitive areas.
Perchloroethylene is used as a solvent in the formulation of adhesives and sealants. 
Perchloroethylene aids in dissolving various ingredients, enabling proper mixing and application of these products in industries such as construction, automotive, and manufacturing.

Perchloroethylene is an excellent solvent for organic materials. 
Perchloroethylene is volatile, highly stable, and nonflammable, and thus being widely used in dry cleaning. 
Perchloroethylene can also be used to degrease metal parts in the automotive and other metalworking industries upon being mixed with other chlorocarbons. 

Perchloroethylene can also be used in neutrino detectors. 
However, Perchloroethylene should be noted that it is a potential carcinogen.
Perchloroethylene is a clear, colorless, volatile, nonflammable liquid with an ethereal odor. 

Perchloroethylene is used as dry cleaning solvent, a degreasing solvent, a drying agent for metals, and in the manufacture of other chemicals.
Perchloroethylene, is a chlorinated ethylene compound commonly used as a dry cleaning and degreasing solvent. 
Perchloroethylene shows IR transparency as it has no C–H bonds making it an ideal solvent for IR spectroscopy. 

Perchloroethylene is a man-made pollutant which is difficult to degrade. 
Perchloroethylene is a ground water contaminant which has adverse effect on human health due to its potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. 
Some of the methods proposed for its degradation are Fenton oxidation treatment, reductive dehalogenation under methanogenic condition, and reduction using zero valent metal ions. 

One of the methods reported for its synthesis is from ethylene dichloride and chlorine.
Perchloroethylene a clear non-flammable heavy liquid, is the solvent choice for most dry cleaners and is also employed in industrial textile treatment, metal surface cleaning and catalyst regeneration for oil refinery applications. 
In addition, Perchloroethylene is a raw material for fluorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated polymers and other fluorinated derivatives.

Perchloroethylene is used in the textile industry and as a chemical intermediate or a heatexchange fluid; a widely used solvent with particular use as a dry cleaning agent; a degreaser; a fumigant, and medically as an anthelmintic.
Perchloroethylene is a colorless liquid with a mild, chloroform-like odor.  
Exposure to Perchloroethylene may cause irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, and respiratory system. 

Perchloroethylene may also cause liver damage and is a potential occupational carcinogen. 
Workers may be harmed from exposure to Perchloroethylene. 
The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done.

Perchloroethylene is used in many industries. 
Perchloroethylene’s used to dry clean fabrics, manufacture other chemicals, and degreasing metal parts. 
Perchloroethylene (also known as tetrachloroethene) is a chlorocarbon with the molecular formula of C2Cl4.  

Perchloroethylene is a colourless liquid with a sweet odour that is most commonly used as a dry cleaning product of fabrics.  
Perchloroethylene is a non-flammable liquid, having no measurable flashpoint or flammable limits in air.  
Perchloroethylene is miscible with most organic solvents but only slightly miscible in water.

The liquid is heavier than water and the vapour is heavier than air. 
Perchloroethylene will not burn, but can decompose at high temperatures (greater than 600°F or 316°C) to form gases such as hydrogen chloride, chlorine and phosgene which are very corrosive. 
Closed containers that are heated can explode due to the build-up of gases and vapours. 

The chemical is incompatible with metals that are chemically active (for example barium, lithium and beryllium) and oxidizers. 
Perchloroethylene is odour threshold ranges from 2 to about 70 ppm, so odour cannot be relied upon as a warning property.
After exposure some people may not smell perchloroethylene as well because they become accustomed to the odour. 

Perchloroethylene or PCE, also known as tetrachloroethylene, is a very versatile, volatile, very stable and non-flammable solvent for organic materials, which is used in various industries, especially in dry cleaning. 
Perchloroethylene is also used in the automotive and metallurgical industries as an excellent degreaser, as well as in the production of stain removers, degreasers and paint strippers. 
Perchloroethylene is also used as a multipurpose solvent because it is more inert and stable than many other chlorinated solvents. 

Perchloroethylene is safer than petroleum solvents because it has no flash point.
Perchloroethylene, as mentioned above, is neither flammable nor does it have a measurable flash point, which indicates that at room temperature it has a lower evaporation rate than other solvents. 
In addition, Perchloroethylene does not affect the ozone layer, which is why the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved its use as a replacement for ozone-depleting solvents.

Perchloroethylene is a colourless, volatile liquid, heavier than water and practically insoluble in water. 
Perchloroethylene has an odor similar to ether or chloroform and is sensitive to light and UV radiation, so it decomposes when it remains under direct exposure for prolonged periods. 
Perchloroethylene can be mixed with a wide variety of organic solvents such as ether, ethyl alcohol, benzene, chloroform and others.

Perchloroethylene has the ability to dissolve fats, oils and resins. 
The vapour Perchloroethylene produces is not visible and is heavier than air, so it spreads at ground level. 
Its cold oxidation process is quite slow and it does not corrode ordinary metals, in fact, it has the ability to remove grease from metals such as aluminium and magnesium.

However, Perchloroethylene cannot be used on metals such as zinc, lithium, barium and beryllium, which in its liquid form attacks some varieties of plastics and rubbers.
Perchloroethylene is known for its persistence in the environment, meaning it does not break down easily. 
This characteristic can contribute to its accumulation in air, soil, and water.

While it has low potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, it can still be present in the environment for an extended period.
Perchloroethylenee is nonflammable, which makes it a safe solvent in terms of fire hazards. 
However, Perchloroethylene can decompose at high temperatures, and in the presence of certain materials, it may contribute to fire or explosion risks.

In the past, perchloroethylene was used for medical purposes, including as an anesthetic. 
However, due to its potential health risks, it has largely been replaced by safer alternatives for medical applications.
Some countries and regions have implemented or are considering phase-outs or restrictions on the use of perchloroethylene due to environmental and health concerns. 

This has led to increased exploration of alternative solvents in various industries.
Perchloroethylene is generally not used in household products, and it's not a common ingredient in consumer goods. 
However, residues from its industrial use, especially in dry cleaning, can sometimes be detected on clothing.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer, a part of the World Health Organization, has classified perchloroethylene as a Group 1 carcinogen to humans. 
Proper disposal of waste containing perchloroethylene is crucial to prevent environmental contamination. 
Industries using this solvent must adhere to waste disposal regulations to minimize its impact on the environment.

Melting point: -22 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 121 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.623 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 5.83 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 13 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.505(lit.)
Flash point: 120-121°C
storage temp.: Store at +2°C to +25°C.
solubility: water: soluble0.15g/L at 25°C
form: Liquid
color: APHA: ≤10
Odor: chloroform-like odor
Odor Threshold: 0.77ppm
Evaporation Rate: 0.33
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene and hexane. Slightly miscible with water.
FreezingPoint: -22.0℃
LogP: 2.53 at 20℃

Perchloroethylene is a chlorinated solvent that is used extensively by dry cleaning plants. 
Other applications include vapor degreasing, and use as a chemical intermediate and processing solvent.
Perchloroethylene is a man-made chemical that can be a liquid or a gas. 

At room temperature, perchloroethylene is a colorless liquid. 
As a vapor, this chemical has a sharp, sweet scent. 
Perchloroethylene is also called perc, tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethene and PCE.

Perchloroethylene is a versatile, chlorinated solvent used in many industries and extensively by dry cleaning facilities. 
Axiall Corporation produces perchloroethylene at the Lake Charles, Louisiana plant. 
With over 60 years of responsible production and handling experience, Axiall manufactures perchloroethylene with environmental and public safety consideration. 

Axiall personnel are experienced in handling and shipping perchloroethylene, and our engineers, scientists, and sales personnel can provide technical assistance to users.
Perchloroethylene is a non-flammable, multipurpose solvent that is relatively inert and inherently more stable than other chlorinated solvents. 
Its stability is further enhanced by Axiall’s stabilizer system. 

Perchloroethylene has no flash or fire point, lending it important safety strengths over petroleum distillates. 
As a result, combined with its other desirable chemical and physical properties, perchloroethylene offers many advantages over other solvents.
Perchloroethylene is the ideal solvent for this job, as it is non-flammable and offers a fast, powerful and gentle cleaning action with a minimum of effort. 

In addition, Perchloroethylene does not cause damage, discoloration or wear on textiles made of natural and synthetic fibers, can be used in conjunction with any detergent and has a powerful stain-removing action. 
Industries such as aerospace, automotive and appliance production use perchloroethylene in vapor degreasing processes of metal parts and pieces because it can be used efficiently in situations that require a higher boiling point than water.
Precisely because of its high boiling point, it is able to condense a greater amount of steam on the metal than any other solvent, allowing for more efficient washing.

One of the advantages of perchloroethylene is that it holds its action longer, removes higher melting points and waxes more easily, and is very effective in cleaning light gauge parts that are heated to temperatures above the boiling point of other solvents before completing the cleaning process. 
Perchloroethylene is also used effectively for cleaning welded joints and tiny holes.
Perchloroethylene is a chlorocarbon with a chemical structure consisting of carbon and chlorine atoms.

Perchloroethylene is molecular weight is approximately 165.83 g/mol.
Perchloroethylene has a high density and low volatility, which makes it suitable for certain industrial applications.

Perchloroethylene effectively removes dirt, grease, and stains from textiles without causing damage to the fabric.
Perchloroethylene is employed as a degreasing agent for metal surfaces in industrial processes.

Perchloroethylene is used in the production of certain chemicals, including fluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons.
Prolonged exposure to perchloroethylene vapors may cause dizziness, headaches, nausea, and in severe cases, damage to the liver, kidneys, and nervous system.
Perchloroethylene can contribute to air pollution, and its release into the environment can have adverse effects on air quality.

Due to its potential health and environmental risks, regulatory agencies in various countries have established guidelines and regulations for the use and handling of perchloroethylene.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States have set exposure limits and guidelines for workplaces using perchloroethylene.

In response to environmental and health concerns, there has been a push to find alternative solvents for applications like dry cleaning. 
Some alternatives include hydrocarbons, liquid carbon dioxide, and silicone-based solvents.

History And Production Of Perchloroethylene:
French chemist Henri Victor Regnault first synthesized Perchloroethylene in 1839 by thermal decomposition of hexachloroethane following Michael Faraday's 1820 synthesis of protochloride of carbon (carbon tetrachloride).
C2Cl6 → C2Cl4 + Cl2
Faraday was previously falsely credited for the synthesis of Perchloroethylene, which in reality, was carbon tetrachloride. 

While trying to make Faraday's "protochloride of carbon", Regnault found that his compound was different from Faraday's. 
Victor Regnault stated "According to Faraday, the chloride of carbon boiled around 70 °C (158 °F) to 77 °C (171 °F) degrees Celsius but mine did not begin to boil until 120 °C (248 °F) ".
Few years after its discovery, in the 1840s, Perchloroethylene was named Chlorethose by Auguste Laurent. 

The -ose ending was explained as the fourfold replacement of the hydrogens in ethylene. 
If only one atom of hydrogen was replaced, the word would end with -ase. 
By Laurent's logic, vinyl chloride would be named Chlorethase.

Perchloroethylene can be made by passing chloroform vapour through a red-hot tube, the side products include hexachlorobenzene and hexachloroethane, as reported in 1886.
Most Perchloroethylene is produced by high-temperature chlorinolysis of light hydrocarbons. 
The method is related to Faraday's method since hexachloroethane is generated and thermally decomposes.

Side products include carbon tetrachloride, hydrogen chloride, and hexachlorobutadiene.
Several other methods have been developed. 
When 1,2-dichloroethane is heated to 400 °C with chlorine, tetrachloroethylene is produced by the chemical reaction:
ClCH2CH2Cl + 3 Cl2 → Cl2C=CCl2 + 4 HCl

This reaction can be catalyzed by a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminium chloride or by activated carbon. 
Perchloroethylene is a major byproduct, which is separated by distillation.

Worldwide production was about 1 million metric tons (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) in 1985.
Although in very small amounts, Perchloroethylene occurs naturally in volcanoes along with trichloroethylene.

Uses Of Perchloroethylene:
Perchloroethylene is widely used as a solvent in the dry cleaning process. 
Perchloroethylene is also known as tetrachloroethene, and 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethene and is also commonly abbreviated to PER or PERC. 
Perchloroethylene is a volatile, chlorinated organic hydrocarbon that is widely used as a solvent in the dry-cleaning and textile-processing industries and as an agent for degreasing metal parts. 

Perchloroethylene is an environmental contaminant that has been detected in the air, groundwater, surface waters, and soil (NRC, 2010).
Perchloroethylene is an excellent nonpolar solvent for organic materials. 
Otherwise, Perchloroethylene is volatile, highly stable and nonflammable, and has low toxicity. 

For these reasons, Perchloroethylene has been widely used in dry cleaning worldwide since the 1930s. 
The chemist Sylvia Stoesser (1901–1991) suggested Perchloroethylene to be used in dry cleaning as an alternative to highly flammable dry cleaning solvents such as naphtha.
Perchloroethylene is also used to degrease metal parts in the automotive and other metalworking industries, usually as a mixture with other chlorocarbons. 

Perchloroethylene appears in a few consumer products including paint strippers, aerosol preparations and spot removers.
Perchloroethylene is used as a solvent, indrycleaning, and in metal degreasing.
Perchloroethylene is a common industrial solvent that is often found as a contaminant in groundwater. 

Perchloroethylene is also a suspected carcinogen to humans and is difficult to degrade biologically as it has no natural source. 
Perchloroethylene is utilized in the production of certain adhesives and sealants. 
Perchloroethylene can contribute to the formulation of products with specific bonding properties.

Perchloroethylene is used in some dry cleaning machines as a coolant. 
The circulation of the solvent through the machine's refrigeration system helps maintain low temperatures, which is crucial for the proper functioning of the dry cleaning process.
Perchloroethylene has been used for cleaning and degreasing brake parts and other components. 

However, due to environmental and health concerns, alternative solvents and cleaning methods are increasingly being adopted in this industry.
Perchloroethylene may find applications in laboratories for specific chemical processes and experiments. 
However, due to its potential health risks, laboratories often carefully consider the use of alternatives when feasible.

Perchloroethylene was used as an inhalation anesthetic. 
However, Perchloroethylene is use in this medical context has largely been phased out in favor of safer alternatives.
Perchloroethylene is used in some extraction processes, such as the production of vegetable oils and fats. 

Perchloroethylene can act as a solvent to extract and separate certain components.
Perchloroethylene has been employed in the purification process of carbon nanotubes, a nanomaterial with various industrial applications.
Perchloroethylene has been used as an ingredient in a range of common products such as water repellants, paint removers, printing inks, glues, sealants, polishes and lubricants because of its durability and ability to adhere tso plastics, metal, rubber and leather.

Perchloroethylene is a solvent commonly used in dry cleaning operations. 
When applied to a material or fabric, perc helps dissolve greases, oils and waxes without damaging the fabric.
Perchloroethylene is the predominant solvent used in the dry cleaning industry because it is non-flammable, stable but highly volatile.  

Perchloroethylene is safe to use on most textiles, fibres and dyes without causing damage to the garment.  
Perchloroethylene is highly effective at removing oils, greases and fats from textiles due its high boiling point and volatile nature.  
A wide array of industries use perchloroethylene because it is excellent at degreasing metal parts during the production of products.  

Perchloroethylene can also be used in extracting fats, dissolving rubber, paint removal, water repellent, brake cleaning and a carrier solvent.  
Perchloroethylene was also historically used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) 134a.
Perchloroethylene is mainly used for dry cleaning. 

Perchloroethylene has also been used as a general anesthetic, a substance used to numb people or take sensation away during surgery.
Perchloroethylene is used mainly as an ingredient in the production of other chemicals, as a metal degreaser in the automotive and other metal working industries and as a solvent in dry cleaning. 
Perchloroethylene appears in a few consumer products, such as paint strippers and spot removers. 

In addition Perchloroethylene is also used in the manufacture of refrigerants, such as HCFC-134a. 
Perchloroethylene is used as a solvent in dry cleaning processes. 
Perchloroethylene is excellent cleaning properties, non-flammability, and ability to dissolve a wide range of stains make it an ideal choice for dry cleaning fabrics, including delicate garments and textiles.

Perchloroethylene is widely used as a degreasing agent in metalworking industries. 
Perchloroethylene effectively removes oils, greases, and contaminants from metal surfaces, preparing them for subsequent processes such as painting, coating, or machining.
Perchloroethylene serves as a key intermediate in the production of various chemicals. 

Perchloroethylene is used as a starting material in the synthesis of hydrofluorocarbons, refrigerants with no ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential.
Perchloroethylene is utilized in the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), a key precursor for the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 
Through a series of chemical reactions, perchloroethylene is transformed into various intermediates that ultimately lead to the production of VCM.

Perchloroethylene is employed for cleaning and surface treatment of metals, including precision components, automotive parts, and electronic equipment. 
Perchloroethylene helps remove contaminants, oils, and residues from metal surfaces to enhance their quality and performance. 
Perchloroethylene also is used as a chemical maskant applied to commercial and military aircraft skins to protect sensitive areas.

Perchloroethylene is used as a solvent in the formulation of adhesives and sealants. 
Perchloroethylene aids in dissolving various ingredients, enabling proper mixing and application of these products in industries such as construction, automotive, and manufacturing. 
One of the most widely used methods for industrial production of perchloroethylene is the oxyhydrochlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons at high temperature. 

In a catalytic fluidized bed reactor, vaporized chlorinated organics are mixed with hydrochloric acid and oxygen, so that chlorination and thermal cracking reactions occur to produce a mixture of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene.
In modern industry, perchloroethylene is used for the chemical processing of fabrics, silicones and rubber, as well as an extractant solvent in printing inks and paint strippers. 
Perchloroethylene is also used to reduce the flammability of a mixture, since when added to mixtures in the right quantities it increases their flash point.

In petroleum refineries, perchloroethylene is used as a source of hydrochloric acid for catalyst regeneration processes, both in the catalytic reformer and in isomerization operations.
Perchloroethylene is most commonly known for its use as a solvent in dry cleaning. 
Perchloroethylene is highly effective at dissolving grease, oils, and stains from fabrics without causing damage to the material.

Perchloroethylene is used as a degreasing agent in metalworking processes. 
Perchloroethylene helps remove oils and contaminants from metal surfaces, making it useful in industries such as metal fabrication and electronics manufacturing.
Perchloroethylene serves as a feedstock in the production of various chemicals. 

Perchloroethylene is used in the synthesis of other compounds, including certain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which were historically used as refrigerants.
In addition to dry cleaning, perchloroethylene can be used in textile processing for tasks such as scouring and finishing fabrics.
In consumer products, perchloroethylene can be found in some spot removers and stain treatments designed for home use.

For several decades, perchloroethylene has been used for the production of fluorinated compounds such as refrigerants, refrigerant mixtures, among others, thanks to its stability, dielectric properties, low viscosity and low surface tension. 
In addition, perchloroethylene has a favorable environmental profile.

Although perchloroethylene, as mentioned, is widely used in various industries in applications such as dry cleaning and degreasing, it is rare to find information on injuries to operators from its handling. 
Perchloroethylene is considered to have moderate to low toxicity, however, there are some risks to people exposed to this compound.

Safety Profile Of Perchloroethylene:
Perchloroethylene is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a sharp sweet odor. 
Perchloroethylene is widely used for dry-cleaning fabrics and metal degreasing operations. 
Effects resulting from acute (short term) high-level inhalation exposure of humans to Perchloroethylene include irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, kidney dysfunction, and neurological effects such as reversible mood and behavioral changes, impairment of coordination, dizziness, headache, sleepiness, and unconsciousness. 

The primary effects from chronic (long term) inhalation exposure are neurological, including impaired cognitive and motor neurobehavioral performance. 
Perchloroethylene exposure may also cause adverse effects in the kidney, liver, immune system and hematologic system, and on development and reproduction. 
Studies of people exposed in the workplace have found associations with several types of cancer including bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma. 

Health Hazard Of Perchloroethylene:
Exposure to tetrachloroethylene can produceheadache, dizziness, drowsiness, incoordina tion, irritation of eyes, nose, and throat, and flushing of neck and face. 
Exposure to highconcentrations can produce narcotic effects.
The primary target organs are the centralnervous system, mucous membranes, eyes,and skin. 

Symptoms ofdepression of the central nervous system aremanifested in humans from repeated expo sure to 200 ppm for 7 hours/day.
Chronicexposure to concentrations ranging from 200to 1600 ppm caused drowsiness, depression,and enlargement of the kidneys and livers inrats and guinea pigs. 
Ingestion of Perchloroethylene may pro duce toxic effects ranging from nausea andvomiting to somnolence, tremor, and ataxia.

Skin contact with the liquid maycause defatting and dermatitis of skin.
Evidence of carcinogenicity of this com pound has been noted in test animals sub jected to inhalation or oral administration. 
Itcaused tumors in the blood, liver, and kidneyin rats and mice.

Synonyms Of Perchloroethylene:
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
Tetrachloroethene
127-18-4
Perchloroethylene
Ethene, tetrachloro-
Perc
Perchlorethylene
Tetrachlorethylene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene
Ethylene tetrachloride
Carbon dichloride
Ankilostin
Didakene
Perclene
Tetracap
Tetraguer
Tetraleno
Tetralex
Tetropil
Perawin
Tetlen
Tetrachloraethen
PerSec
Carbon bichloride
PERK
Percloroetilene
Tetracloroetene
Fedal-UN
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene
Tetrachlooretheen
Czterochloroetylen
Percosolve
Perchlor
Perklone
Tetravec
Tetroguer
Nema
Perchloraethylen, per
Perchlorethylene, per
Perclene D
Dow-per
Dilatin PT
Perchloorethyleen, per
Antisol 1
Ethylene, tetrachloro-
Perchloroethene
Antisal 1
Rcra waste number U210
Nema, veterinary
NCI-C04580
ENT 1,860
Perclene TG
UN 1897
TJ904HH8SN
DTXSID2021319
CHEBI:17300
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE-1-13C
NSC-9777
Percosolv
Caswell No. 827
C2Cl4
MFCD00000834
Percloroetilene [Italian]
Tetrachlooretheen [Dutch]
Tetrachloraethen [German]
Tetracloroetene [Italian]
Czterochloroetylen [Polish]
Tetrachloroethylene (IUPAC)
25135-99-3
CCRIS 579
HSDB 124
Perchloorethyleen, per [Dutch]
Perchloraethylen, per [German]
Perchlorethylene, per [French]
Tetrachloroethene 100 microg/mL in Methanol
NSC 9777
EINECS 204-825-9
UN1897
Tetrachloroethylene [USP]
RCRA waste no. U210
UNII-TJ904HH8SN
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 078501
BRN 1361721
Tetrachlorathen
AI3-01860
tetrachloro-ethene
tetrachloro-ethylene
Nema (VAN)
WLN: GYGUYGG
Freon 1110
Tetrachlooretheen(DUTCH)
Tetrachloraethen(GERMAN)
Percloroetilene(ITALIAN)
Tetracloroetene(ITALIAN)
bmse000633
Czterochloroetylen(POLISH)
EC 204-825-9
1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene
SCHEMBL23022
4-01-00-00715 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0346
1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-ethene
Perchloorethyleen, per(DUTCH)
Perchloraethylen, per(GERMAN)
Perchlorethylene, per(FRENCH)
CHEMBL114062
DTXCID601319
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE [II]
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE [MI]
1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene, >=99.5%
NSC9777
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE [HSDB]
Tetrachloroethylene, UV/IR-Grade
Ethene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
TETRACHLORETHYLENE [WHO-DD]
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE [MART.]
Tox21_201196
AKOS009031593
Tetrachloroethylene, analytical standard
Tetrachloroethylene, anhydrous, >=99%
NCGC00090944-01
NCGC00090944-02
NCGC00090944-03
NCGC00258748-01
CAS-127-18-4
InChI=1/C2Cl4/c3-1(4)2(5)
Tetrachloroethylene [UN1897] [Poison]
Tetrachloroethylene, for HPLC, >=99.9%
Tetrachloroethylene, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Tetrachloroethylene, for synthesis, 99.0%
FT-0631739
FT-0674946
S0641
Tetrachloroethylene, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
EN300-19890
Tetrachloroethene 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Tetrachloroethene 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
C06789
F 1110
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene (ACD/Name 4.0)
Tetrachloroethylene, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
A805656
Q410772
Tetrachloroethylene, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
J-524851
Tetrachloroethylene, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.9%
BRD-K68386748-001-01-2
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (PERCHLOROETHYLENE) [IARC]
F0001-0391
Tetrachloroethylene, Ultrapure, Spectrophotometric Grade
Density Standard 1623 kg/m3, H&D Fitzgerald Ltd. Quality