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Performa SW-87is linear, low molecular weight synthetic wax.
Performa SW-87 acts as a rheology modifier, film forming, and oil-thickening agent.
Performa SW-87 has low melt viscosity, a linear backbone, low molecular weight, and is hydrophobic.
CAS: 9002-88-4
MF: （C2H4）n
MW: 28.05316
EINECS: 618-339-3
Performa SW-87 is easy to formulate.
Performa SW-87 has improved stick stability, efficient oil structure, SPF enhancement, and uniform pay-out, and provides a matte appearance and light feel on the skin.
Performa SW-87 forms a comfortable and flexible film with improved oil phase stability and water resistance.
Performa SW-87 is used in creams, lotions, body wash, facial scrubs, hair waxes, and sunscreens.
Performa SW-87 is a speciality synthetic wax that adds structure and stability to cosmetic stick formulations.
Performa SW-87 has a melting point of 87 °C.
The Performa SW-87 products are specialty synthetic waxes that offer a variety of functional and aesthetic benefits.
Most notably,Performa SW-87 add structure and stability to cosmetic stick formulations due to their compatibility with many common cosmetic oils.
They are also excellent film formers which aid in the delivery of actives while imparting a light feel.
Performa SW-87 has a melting point of 87 °C
Performa SW-87 is linear, low molecular weight synthetic wax.
Performa SW-87 acts as rheology modifier, film forming and oil thickening agent.
Performa SW-87 has low melt viscosity, totally linear backbone, low molecular weight and hydrophobic.
Performa SW-87 is easy to formulate.
Performa SW-87 has improved stick stability, efficient oil structure, SPF enhancement, uniform pay-out, provides matte appearance and light feels on skin.
Performa SW-87 forms comfortable and flexible film with improved oil phase stability and water resistance.
Performa SW-87 is used in creams, lotions, body wash, facial scrubs, hair waxes and sunscreens.
Performa SW-87 is a flexible waxy translucentpolyalkene thermoplastic made in avariety of ways producing a polymerof varying characteristics.
In the ICI process, ethene containing a trace of oxygen is subjected to a pressure inexcess of 1500 atmospheres and atemperature of 200°C.
Low-densitypolyethene (r.d. 0.92) has a formulaweight between 50 000 and 300 000,softening at a temperature around110°C, while the Performa SW-87(r.d. 0.945–0.96) has a formulaweight up to 3 000 000, softeningaround 130°C.
The low-density polymeris less crystalline, being more atactic.
Performa SW-87 is used as aninsulator; it is acid resistant and iseasily moulded and blown.
Performa SW-87 is a water-repellent, white, tough, leathery, thermoplastic resin very similar in appearance to paraffin wax.
Properties vary from a viscous liquid at low molecular weights to a hard waxlike substance at high molecular weights.
Performa SW-87 is used as a coating for glass bottles and fiberglass fabrics (special treatments for glass are required to obtain good adhesion between polyethylene and glass) and is also used as an injection-molding material for ceramics.
In the polymerization process, the double bond connecting the carbon atoms is broken.
Under the right conditions, these bonds reform with other ethylene molecules to form long molecular chains.
Performa SW-87, EVA, and EEA are made by the polymerization of ethylene units with randomly distributed comonomer groups, such as vinyl acetate (VA) and ethyl acrylate (EA).
Performa SW-87 or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly(methylene)) is the most commonly produced plastic.
Performa SW-87 is a polymer, primarily used for packaging (plastic bags, plastic films, geomembranes and containers including bottles, etc.).
As of 2017, over 100 million tonnes of Performa SW-87 resins are being produced annually, accounting for 34% of the total plastics market.
Many kinds of Performa SW-87 are known, with most having the chemical formula (C2H4)n.
Performa SW-87 is usually a mixture of similar polymers of ethylene, with various values of n.
Performa SW-87 can be low-density or high-density: low-density polyethylene is extruded using high pressure (1,000–5,000 atm (100–510 MPa)) and high temperature (520 K (247 °C; 476 °F)), while high-density polyethylene is extruded using low pressure (6–7 atm (610–710 kPa)) and low temperature (333–343 K (60–70 °C; 140–158 °F)).
Performa SW-87 is usually thermoplastic, but it can be modified to become thermosetting instead, for example, in cross-linked polyethylene.
Performa SW-87 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 92 °C
Boiling point: 48-110 °C(Press: 9 Torr)
Density: 0.962 g/mL at 25 °C
Fp: 270 °C
Storage temp.: -20°C
Form: powder
Color: White
Specific Gravity: 0.95
Water Solubility: Soluble in acetone and benzene. Insoluble in water.
Merck: 14,7567
Stability: Stable, but breaks down slowly in uv light or sunlight.
Incompatible with halogens, strong oxidizing agents, benzene, petroleum ether, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, lubricating oils.
IARC: 3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7) 1987
NIST Chemistry Reference: Performa SW-87(9002-88-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Performa SW-87 (9002-88-4)
Chemical and physical properties are markedly affected by increasing density, which is affected by the shape and spacing of the molecular chain.
Low-density materials have highly branched and widely spaced chains, whereas high-density materials have comparatively straight and closely aligned chains.
Low-density polyethylene (0.926–0.9409 g/cm3) is soluble in organic solvents at temperatures higher than 200°F.
Performa SW-87 is insoluble at room temperature.
Performa SW-87 (0.041–0.965 g/cm3) is hydrophobic, permeable to gas, and has high electrical resistivity.
Low molecular weight polyethylenes have excellent electrical resistance and resistance to water and to most chemicals.
Medium molecular weight polymers are waxes miscible with paraffin wax, and polyethylene polymers whose molecular weights are higher than 10,000 are the familiar tough and strong resins that are flexible or stiff.
By varying the catalyst and methods of polymerization, properties such as density, crystallinity, molecular weight, and polydispersity can be regulated over wide ranges.
Polymers with densities ranging from approximately 0.910 to 0.925 g/cm3 are low-density polyethylenes; those with densities ranging from 0.926 to 0.940 g/cm3 are medium-density polyethylenes; and those with densities ranging from 0.941 to 0.965 g/cm3 and higher are Performa SW-87.
As the crystallinity or density increases, Performa SW-87 generally become stiffer and stronger and have a high softening temperature and high resistance to penetration by liquids and gases.
At the same time, they lose some of their resistance to tear and environmental stress cracking.
Performa SW-87 is a chemically pure, porous plastic implant material that can perform supportive functions.
Performa SW-87 has good tissue biocompatibility and permits ingrowth of connective tissue with related vascularization.
Performa SW-87 is being used more frequently in nasal surgery.
Performa SW-87 can be cross-linked by irradiation (electron beam, gamma, or X radiation) or by free radical catalysts such as peroxides.
The properties of Performa SW-87 can be divided into mechanical, chemical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties.
Mechanical
Performa SW-87 is of low strength, hardness and rigidity, but has a high ductility and impact strength as well as low friction.
Performa SW-87 shows strong creep under persistent force, which can be reduced by addition of short fibers.
Performa SW-87 feels waxy when touched.
Thermal
The commercial applicability of Performa SW-87 is limited by its low melting point compared to other thermoplastics.
For common commercial grades of medium- and high-density Performa SW-87 the melting point is typically in the range 120 to 130 °C (248 to 266 °F).
The melting point for average commercial low-density polyethylene is typically 105 to 115 °C (221 to 239 °F).
These temperatures vary strongly with the type of Performa SW-87, but the theoretical upper limit of melting of polyethylene is reported to be 144 to 146 °C (291 to 295 °F).
Combustion typically occurs above 349 °C (660 °F).
Chemical
Performa SW-87 consists of nonpolar, saturated, high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons.
Therefore, Performa SW-87's chemical behavior is similar to paraffin.
The individual macromolecules are not covalently linked.
Because of their symmetric molecular structure, they tend to crystallize; overall Performa SW-87 is partially crystalline.
Higher crystallinity increases density and mechanical and chemical stability.
The standard method to test plastic density is ISO 1183 part 2 (gradient columns), alternatively ISO 1183 part 1 (MVS2PRO density analyzer).
Most LDPE, MDPE, and HDPE grades have excellent chemical resistance, meaning that they are not attacked by strong acids or strong bases and are resistant to gentle oxidants and reducing agents.
Crystalline samples do not dissolve at room temperature.
Performa SW-87 (other than cross-linked polyethylene) usually can be dissolved at elevated temperatures in aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene or xylene, or in chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethane or trichlorobenzene.
Performa SW-87 absorbs almost no water; the gas and water vapour permeability (only polar gases) is lower than for most plastics.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide and flavorings, on the other hand, can pass Performa SW-87 easily.
Performa SW-87 can become brittle when exposed to sunlight, carbon black is usually used as a UV stabilizer.
Performa SW-87 burns slowly with a blue flame having a yellow tip and gives off an odour of paraffin (similar to candle flame).
Performa SW-87 continues burning on removal of the flame source and produces a drip.
Performa SW-87 cannot be imprinted or bonded with adhesives without pretreatment.
High-strength joints are readily achieved with plastic welding.
Electrical
Performa SW-87 is a good electrical insulator.
Performa SW-87 offers good electrical treeing resistance; however, Performa SW-87 becomes easily electrostatically charged (which can be reduced by additions of graphite, carbon black or antistatic agents).
When pure, the dielectric constant is in the range 2.2 to 2.4 depending on the density and the loss tangent is very low, making it a good dielectric for a capacitor.
Optical
Depending on thermal history and film thickness, Performa SW-87 can vary between almost clear (transparent), milky-opaque (translucent) and opaque.
LDPE has the greatest, LLDPE slightly less, and HDPE the least transparency.
Transparency is reduced by crystallites if they are larger than the wavelength of visible light.
Uses
Performa SW-87 is a thermoplastic polymer consisting of long hydrocarbon chains.
Performa SW-87 is used in a number of applications including flexible film packaging produced by the blown film process.
Performa SW-87 is used to regulate viscosity, suspension properties, and general stability in cosmetic formulations.
Typical applications included specialty injection molded parts, in these fields Performa SW-87 has a wide range of uses:
Injection and blow molded toys, housewares and lids.
Injection molded car seats, mower parts and pails.
Injection molded, thin-walled containers and housewares.
Hot melt coating for paper, additive in cast moldings, candles, oil-based inks and hot melt adhesives.
Additive to unsaturated polyesters, epoxides and other polymers to impart the unique properties of UHMWPE.
Performa SW-87 used in industrial parts, coatings and wear surfaces at 10-40 wt. %.
Film applications having good drawdown and toughness.
Mold release additive, lubricant in rubber processing, extrusion and calendering aid for PVC and dispersing aid for color concentrates.
Bearings, gears, bushings and other moving parts.
Laboratory tubing; in making prostheses; electrical insulation; packaging materials; kitchenware; tank and pipe linings; paper coatings; textile stiffeners.
Performa SW-87 is used to regulate viscosity, suspension properties, and general stability in cosmetic formulations.
Performa SW-87 is derived from petroleum gas or dehydration of alcohol.
Industrial uses
Performa SW-87 thermoplastic resins include lowdensity polyethylenes (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPE), high-density polyethylenes (HDPE), and ethylene copolymers, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethylene- ethyl acrylate (EEA), and ultrahighmolecular- weight polyethylenes (UHMWPE).
The basic properties of Performa SW-87 can be modified with a broad range of fillers, reinforcements, and chemical modifiers, such as thermal stabilizers, colorants, flame retardants, and blowing agents.
Major application areas for Performa SW-87 is packaging, industrial containers, automotive, materials handling, consumer products, medical products, wire and cable insulation, furniture, housewares, toys, and novelties.
LDPE, the first of the polyethylenes to be developed, has good toughness, flexibility, low-temperature impact resistance, clarity in film form, and relatively low heat resistance.
Like the higher-density grades, LDPE has good resistance to chemical attack.
One of the fastest-growing plastics is linear LLDPE, used mainly in film applications but also suitable for injection, rotational, and blow molding.
Properties of LLDPE are different from those of conventional LDPE and Performa SW-87 in that impact, tear, and heat-seal strengths and environmental stress-crack resistance of LLDPE are significantly higher.
Major uses at present are grocery bags, industrial trash bags, liners, and heavy-duty shipping bags for such products as plastic resin pellets.
Rigidity and tensile strength of the Performa SW-87 resins are considerably higher than those properties in the low- and medium-density materials.
Impact strength is slightly lower, as is to be expected in a stiffer material, but values are high, especially at low temperatures, compared with those of many other thermoplastics.
Performa SW-87 resins are available with broad, intermediate, and narrow molecular-weight distribution, which provides a selection to meet specific performance requirements.
As with the other Performa SW-87 grades, very-high-molecular- weight copolymers of HDPE resins are available with improved resistance to stress cracking.
Applications of Performa SW-87 range from film products to large, blow-molded industrial containers.
The largest market area is in blowmolded containers for packaging milk, fruit juices, water, detergents, and household and industrial liquid products.
Other major uses include high-quality, injection-molded housewares, industrial pails, food containers, and tote boxes; extruded water and gas-distribution pipe, and wire insulation; and structural-foam housings.
Performa SW-87 resins are also used to rotationally mold large, complex-shaped products such as fuel tanks, trash containers, dump carts, pallets, agricultural tanks, highway barriers, and water and waste tanks for recreational vehicles.
Production Methods
Linear Performa SW-87 is produced by a low-pressure solution or gasphase process that is initiated by a variety of transition metal catalysts.
The most common catalysts are Ziegler titanium compounds with aluminum alkyls and Phillips chromium oxide-based catalysts.
The gas-phase and slurry processes are used to produce high molecular weight, high-density (HMW-HDPE) products.
The highest density linear PEs can be made from an α-olefin comonomer, typically octene for the solution process and butene or hexene for the gas-phase process.
Linear Performa SW-87 does not have long-chain branches and is therefore more crystalline.
The short-chain branches found in linear PE serve as tie molecules, which give the higher α -olefin copolymers improved puncture and tear properties.
Included in the linear Performa SW-87 family are ultra-low-density PE (ULDPE), LLDPE, and HDPE.
HDPE’s main use is in blow-molded products such as milk bottles, packaging containers, drums, car fuel tanks, toys, and houseware.
Film and sheet are widely used in wrappings, refuse sacks, carrier bags, and industrial liners. Injection molding products include crates, pallets, packaging containers, houseware, and toys.
Extrusion grades are used in pipes, conduit, wire coating, and cable insulation.
LLDPE is a thermoplastic that in many applications replaces its predecessor, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), or is used in blends with LDPE.
In particular, LDPE’s shortchain branching gives Performa SW-87 higher tensile strength, puncture, and anti-tear properties, making it especially suitable for film applications.
Synonyms
ETHYLENE
Ethene
Acetene
Elayl
Olefiant gas
74-85-1
9002-88-4
Athylen
Etileno
Liquid ethylene
Bicarburretted hydrogen
Caswell No. 436
Ethylene, pure
Aethylen
C2H4
HSDB 168
Aethen
Liquid ethyene
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 041901
Ethylene (8CI)
Ethene (9CI)
CH2=CH2
H2C=CH2
CHEBI:18153
91GW059KN7
MFCD00084423
UN 1038
UN 1962
Plastipore
Athylen [German]
Ethylene [NF]
LDPE
EINECS 200-815-3
UN1038
UN1962
Ethyleneradical
Ethylene latex
UNII-91GW059KN7
Ethylene, compressed
Ethene, 9CI
ETHYLENE-CMPD
ETHYLENE [HSDB]
ETHYLENE [IARC]
ETHYLENE [II]
ETHYLENE [MI]
Ethylene, 99.99%
EC 200-815-3
Ethylene, >=99.5%
Ethylene, >=99.9%
Ethylene, compressed [UN1962] [Flammable gas]
CARBONEUM HYDROGENISATUM
CHEMBL117822
Ethylene, purum, >=99.9%
DTXSID1026378
CMC_13849
AKOS015915514
CARBONEUM HYDROGENISATUM [HPUS]
Polyethylene, low density, 500 micron
Ethylene, Messer(R) CANGas, 99.98%
Ethylene, puriss., >=99.95% (GC)
FT-0626287
C06547
C19503
R-1150
Ethylene, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid)
Ethylene, compressed [UN1962] [Flammable gas]
Q151313
Q27286698
Ethylene, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) [UN1038] [Flammable gas]
