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CAS Number: 3006-86-8 (for 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane)
EC Number: 221-110-7
UN Number: 3105 (Organic peroxide type D, liquid)
Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₂₈O₄
Molecular Weight: 260.37 g/mol
Synonyms:
1,1-Bis(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane,DTBPCH,Perkadox 16 (alternative designation),Trigonox 22 (competing product),Luperox 331 (competing product)
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Perkadox GB-50X is typically supplied as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid formulation containing 50% active peroxide in a phthalate or hydrocarbon solvent. The pure peroxide exhibits a melting point of 8°C and boiling point of 110°C at 10 mmHg. Key safety parameters include self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of 45°C, flash point >80°C, and explosive limits requiring careful handling. The peroxide bond O-O dissociation energy is approximately 35 kcal/mol, allowing controlled radical generation at moderate temperatures.
Active Peroxide Content: 50% by weight
Solvent System: Typically dioctyl phthalate (DOP) or isododecane
Stabilizers: Usually 100-500 ppm of inhibitors (BHT, phosphites)
Packaging: In specialized containers with pressure relief
Quality Control Parameters:
Active Oxygen Content: 6.10-6.20% (theoretical 6.15%)
Purity: >98% of active peroxide
Acidity: <0.05% as H₂SO₄
Water Content: <0.1%
Chloride: <10 ppm
Heavy Metals: <5 ppm
Global production capacity is approximately 5,000 metric tons annually, dominated by Nouryon (formerly AkzoNobel), Arkema, and United Initiators. Pricing ranges from $5-8/kg for standard grades to $10-15/kg for high-purity or specialty formulations.
Decomposition Kinetics:
Half-life Temperatures:
1 hour: 125°C
10 hours: 103°C
100 hours: 85°C
Activation Energy: 35-38 kcal/mol
Frequency Factor: 10¹⁵-10¹⁶ s⁻¹
Radical Reactivity:
tert-Butoxy radicals: Highly reactive (k ≈ 10⁸-10⁹ M⁻¹s⁻¹ for H-abstraction)
Cyclohexyl radicals: Moderate reactivity, can undergo β-scission
Coupling Products: Form stable ethers and alcohols
Comprehensive Application Spectrum
Polymer Modification (Crosslinking) - 60% of consumption:
Polyethylene Crosslinking: For wire and cable insulation (XLPE), pipes, and foams. Typical usage: 1-3 phr (parts per hundred rubber).
Polypropylene Modification: For controlled rheology and improved melt strength (0.05-0.3%).
Ethylene-Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM): For peroxide-cured rubber goods (2-6 phr).
Silicone Rubber: For high-temperature vulcanization (HTV) systems (0.5-2%).
Case Example: In medium-voltage cable insulation, GB-50X (1.5-2.0 phr) enables uniform crosslinking of polyethylene, achieving dielectric strength >30 kV/mm and thermal stability to 90°C continuous operation.
Polymerization Initiator - 25%:
Styrenic Polymers: For high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and expandable polystyrene (EPS) production.
Acrylic Polymers: For cast acrylic sheets and molding compounds.
Unsaturated Polyesters: For sheet molding compound (SMC) and bulk molding compound (BMC).
Case Example: In continuous acrylic sheet production, GB-50X (0.1-0.3%) provides controlled initiation at 80-100°C, yielding sheets with excellent optical clarity and weatherability.
Composite Materials - 10%:
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP): For pultrusion and filament winding.
Carbon Fiber Composites: For aerospace and automotive applications.
Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC): For improved mechanical properties.
Case Example: In automotive brake pistons, GB-50X-crosslinked phenolic composites provide thermal stability to 300°C with reduced wear compared to metals.
Specialty Applications - 5%:
Adhesives and Sealants: For crosslinked systems with improved heat resistance.
Coatings: For radiation-curable systems as co-initiator.
Biomedical Polymers: For controlled crosslinking of implantable materials.
Case Example: In medical tubing, peroxide-crosslinked silicone (using 0.8-1.2% GB-50X) provides excellent compression set resistance and biocompatibility for long-term implantation.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PERKADOX GB-50X
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
