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PETROLEUM SULFONATE

CAS NUMBER: 68608-26-4

EC NUMBER:  271-781-5

 


DEFINITION:


Petroleum sulfonates are widely used as the primary emulsifiers in formulating emulsifiable lubricating compositions used for cutting fluid, hydraulic fluids, metalworking.
Petroleum sulfonates are defined as those manufactured by sulfonation of crude oil, crude distillates, or any portion of these distillates in which hydrocarbons present are not substantially different from their state in the original crude oil. 

Petroleum sulfonates are quite different from synthetic sulfonates, which are derived most commonly from sulfonation of olefinic polymers or alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons. 
Petroleum sulfonate is traditionally produced commercially from the treatment of raffinate with fuming sulfuric acid. 

Petroleum sulfonate has been used in metal working applications, with an annual volume of up to 40 million pounds for the North American market and twice that much worldwide.
The traditional process for the production of the white oil and petroleum sulfonate is complicated and potentially hazardous owing to the utilization of hazardous materials and the formation, and consequent necessary disposal, of hazardous by-products. 

These two factors strongly affect the cost of petroleum sulfonate, and, without modification, may put the production and supply of this vital product in jeopardy. 
Petroleum sulfonates are typically produced as by-products of refining processes in which certain highly refined petroleum products, such as white lubricating oils, medicinal oils, and certain grades of transformer oils, are produced.

Petroleum sulfonates are unique materials because of their dual function as surfactants and rust inhibitors. 
The polar nature of the sulfonate end of the molecule functions as a typical anionic surfactant, orienting itself with water or other polar materials while the hydrocarbon tail provides the bridge to the nonpolar phase.

Petroleum sulfonate is one of the most important surfactants in the tertiary oil recovery process. 
Petroleum sulfonate's complex composition significantly impedes its evaluation, and the relationship between its structure and oil recovery properties is still unclear. 

Petroleum sulfonate, as an anionic surfactant, has attracted increasing attention in chemical flooding due to its high capacity and low cost.
Petroleum sulfonate products are complex mixtures consisting of volatiles, inorganic salts, unsulfonated oil and different molecular structure actives.

Petroleum sulfonates may be obtained as by-products in the refining of mineral oil, for example the treatment of a spindle oil with concentrated sulfuric acid or oleum. 
Furthermore, various methods are also practiced wherein the principal purpose is to produce oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates, such as the alkali metal oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates.

Petroleum sulfonate is one of the most important surfactants in the tertiary oil recovery process. 
Petroleum sulfonate's complex composition significantly impedes its evaluation, and the relationship between its structure and oil recovery properties is still unclear. 

In this study, the actives of petroleum sulfonate are subdivided into seven components, a–g, with different polarities via column chromatography. 
The structural information of each component is fully characterized.

Petroleum sulfonate is widely used in the manufacture of Soluble Cutting Oils, Emulsifiers of Soluble Cutting Oil, Rust Preventives, Leather Chemicals / Fat Liquor, Metal Treatment Chemicals, Textile Auxiliaries, ore Flotation Chemicals, Inks etc. 
Petroleum sulfonate is miscible with Oil and Solvent.

Petroleum sulfonate is used in varied concentrations of 10% to 22% by weight in selected industrial and metalworking applications,. 
Petroleum sulfonate is effective and also utilized as dry printing ink, cleaning solvents & oil well drilling fluids.

Petroleum sulfonates function as emulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors in metalworking fluids. 
Petroleum sulfonate helps in formation of an emulsion by holding oil and water apart so that they can co-exist & form. 

Petroleum sulfonate serves as flotation agents for various metals and minerals. Sodium Petroleum sulphonates ability to wet the surface of particles rendering the ore hydrophobic. 
Petroleum sulfonate allows an ore adhered to air bubbles and moved to the surface in the froth. 

Petroleum sulfonate binds the ore particles to air bubbles in froth and thus allow them to rise and separate from rock.
Petroleum sulfonate is obtained from sulfonation of base oil, neutralized by Sodium Hydroxide.

Petroleum sulfonate is widely used in the manufacture of Soluble Cutting Oils, Emulsifiers of Soluble Cutting Oils, Rust Preventives, Leather Chemicals, Fat Liquor, Metal Treatment Chemicals, Metal working fluid, Wire drawing oils, Corrosion inhibitors, Protective coatings, Degreasing agent, Fuel additive, Lube oil additive, Textile Auxiliaries, ore Flotation Chemicals, Inks etc. 
Petroleum sulfonate is miscible with Oil and Solvent.

Petroleum sulfonate is one of the important compounds in the chemical industry as an inhibitor and emulsifier. 
Petroleum sulfonate is attracting more attention due to its properties. 

Industries such as leather, metal, and textile are among the major end-users, these industries are undergoing a noticeable transformation. 
Metal processing is a rapidly evolving field of exploration.

Petroleum sulfonates are widely used in the manufacture of additives for lubricating oil used in internal combustion engines. 
These materials impart detergency to such lubricating oils and thus assist in keeping internal engine parts clean, and reduce sludge formation in the oil.

Petroleum sulfonates are typically produced as by-products of refining processes in which certain highly refined petroleum products, such as white lubricating oils, medicinal oils, and certain grades of transformer oils, are produced. 
The highly refined petroleum products are produced by treating a refined petroleum distillate or raffinate with fuming sulfuric acid, which reacts with certain components of the oil to produce sulfonic acids, some of which are oil-soluble and some of which are water-soluble, thus forming a two-phase system. 
Petroleum sulfonate is synthesized by the raw material of refinery vacuum gas oil (VGO) and SO3 sulfonation agent. 

 

APPLICATION:

Metalworking Fluids:

-Sodium sulfonates have had a long history of use in metalworking fluids. 
-Petroleum sulfonate function as emulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors.
-In liquid system, Petroleum sulfonates can hold oil and water apart so that they can co-exist & form an emulsion.


Anti-Corrosion Compounds:

-High molecular weight Petroleum sulfonates adhere to metal surfaces and provide excellent moisture barriers. 
-Petroleum sulfonate can be compounded with petroleum oils, waxes, petrolatums and various synthetic materials. 
-Finished products are used in applications such as preservative oils and automotive rust proofing formulations. 
-They are also compatible with a wide range of solvents when thin films are desirable.
-On solid surface, sulfonates functions like adhesive, holding oil to metal. 
-By chemically bonding oil to metal, sulfonates prevent water and air from reaching the surface of the metal.


Ore Flotation:

-Ore Flotation sulfonates have been used as flotation agents for various metals and minerals. 
-The ability of the sulfonates to wet the surface of particles renders the ore hydrophobic. 
-This allows the ore to adhere to air bubbles and move to the surface in the froth.
-In ore flotation, Petroleum sulfonates bind the ore particles to air bubbles, in a froth, allowing them to rise and separate from rock.


Demulsifiers:

-Demulsifiers grade sulfonates can act as de-emulsifier. 
-A Bulky structure prevents them from forming a continuous protective film around a droplet. 
-This allows two droplets to contact one another, forming a large droplet which separates from solutions.


Motor Oil and Fuel Additives:

-Petroleum sulfonates are often converted to calcium or barium salts for this application; however, in some situations the sodium sulfonates may be preferred. 
-Detergency and rust inhibitive properties are the most important functions of Motor Oil and Fuel Additives when used as additives.


-Overbasing:

-Overbasing is a process of beefing up a solfonate molecule with extra atoms like calcium and magnesium so that it will seek out and neutralize excess acids in a mixture. 
-This process is typically used in motor oil additives.

 

OTHER APPLICATION:

-Dry Cleaning Solvents
-Leather Processing
-Printing Ink
-Oil Well Drilling Fluids

 

USES:

-Metalworking Fluids
-Anti-Corrosion Compounds
-Emulsifier
-Motor Oil and Fuel Additives
-Textile Industry

 


-SEPARATION OF PETROLEUM SULFONATE:

Industrial products of petroleum sulfonate contain volatile components, inorganic salts, unsulfonated oil and other impurities. 
In this experiment, the actives of petroleum sulfonate were purified using the extraction method.14–17 Petroleum sulfonate samples were heated to 120 °C and maintained for several hours to remove the volatiles. 

After cooling to room temperature, the non-volatile leftovers were alternately washed with hot ethanol and petroleum ether until the color turned white, and the residual solid was the inorganic salt. 
Next, the obtained washing solution was dried using a rotary evaporator.

Afterwards, the obtained desalination samples were dissolved in a mixed solvent (50% isopropanol/water, volume ratio) and repeatedly extracted with n-pentane until the supernatant liquid turned yellowish, and then the lower liquid was collected. 
Then, back extraction of the supernatant liquid was performed. Finally, the actives were obtained. 

 

STORAGE:

Separated from food and feedstuffs. 

 

PROPERTIES:

-Formula: RSO3Na
-Molecular mass: 500
-Boiling point: >150°C
-Relative density (water = 1): 1.08-1.12
-Flash point: >160°C o.c. 

 

SYNONYM:

68608-26-4
Sulfonic acids, petroleum, sodium salts
Caswell No. 785A
Caswell No. 810
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079012
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079035
Mineral oil sulfonic acids, sodium salts
Oil soluble petroleum sulfonate, sodium salt
Oil soluble petroleum sulfonates, sodium salts
Petroleum sulfonic acid, monosodium salt
Petroleum sulfonic acid, sodium salt
Petroleumsulfonate, sodium salt
Sulfonated petroleum soap
Sulfonated petroleum, sodium salt
Petroleum sulfonic acids, sodium salts
Sodium petroleum sulfonate

 


IUPAC NAME:

Sodium petroleum sulphonate
sodium petroleum sulphonate
Sulfonic acid, petroleum, sodium salts
sulfonic acids, petroleum, sodium salt
Sulfonic Acids, Petroleum, Sodium Salts
Sulfonic acids, petroleum, sodium salts
Sulfonic acids, petroleum, Sodium salts
Sulfonic acids, petroleum, sodium salts

 

 

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