PHENONIP

Phenonip is a preservative blend consisting of Methyl phydroxybenzoate, Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Propyl phydroxybenzoate, Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Isobutyl phydroxybenzoate and Phenoxyethanol.

Broad spectrum, liquid preservative system ideal for use in a wide variety of personal care applications. 
Effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and molds and retains activity in the presence of most cosmetic ingredients. 

Phenonip is oil soluble. 
Phenonip can be used in emulsions and anhydrous formulations.

Phenonip can be added to the aqueous phase readily up to Phenonip limit of solubility. 
The relatively low aqueous solubility of Phenonip means that if the water content of the formulation is low, Phenonip may not be convenient to add the preservative directly to water during manufacture.

Heating the water to 60 – 70 °C prior to Phenonip addition will, in most instances, allow the appropriate quantity to be dissolved. 
For aqueous systems which cannot be heated, Phenonip can be incorporated by preparing a concentrate in a suitable solvent, e.g. Propylene Glycol, and stirring this concentrate into the water to give a final Phenonip concentration below Phenonip maximum water solubility.

In emulsified systems, Phenonip is readily dissolved in the lipid phase prior to emulsification although Phenonip is often good practise to divide the Phenonip content between the aqueous and the lipid phases during their preparation. 
To add Phenonip into the final emulsion during the cooling stage is also possible for a lot of emulsions.
In surfactant and detergent based products Phenonip can be dissolved in the surfactant prior to the addition of water and other ingredients.

Phenonip exhibits microbiostatic activity against a wide range of bacteria, yeast and molds.

Phenonip acts as a preservative blend. 
Phenonip is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and moulds. 

Phenonip has an excellent toxicological profile and is non-irritant to skin, eye and mucous membranes at normal use concentrations. 
Phenonip is used in all kinds of personal care products specially in wet wipes.

Parabens:
Parabens are preservatives and widely used in mainstream beauty products and can be added to the oil phase of formulation. 
Phenonip is a common oil-soluble, broad-spectrum, paraben-based preservative. 

If you want to preserve an oil-based sugar scrub that might come in contact with water, phenonip is a good choice. 
You can add this to the oil phase of your lotions.

Note: I can't ignore that parabens have gotten a bad rap with allegations that they are unsafe. 
The fact remains that parabens haven't been proven to be unsafe and are very widely tested, but since there are so many alternatives, Phenonip's easy to avoid them. 

Uses of Phenonip:
Phenonip is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent comprising a synergistic blend of esters of parahydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in phenoxyethanol designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries.

Applications of Phenonip:
Experience has shown that Phenonip will preserve cosmetics and toiletries when incorporated at concentrations from 0.25% to 1.0%
Shampoos and foam baths may be preserved with Phenonip at concentrations typically between 0.25%-0.65%

Products with a high protein content may require levels from 0.5%-1.0%
Other surfactant-based products, for example liquid dishwashing detergents, are generally preserved with Phenonip over the range 0.2%-0.6%

Emulsified systems, both o/w and w/o types, may be effectively preserved by the addition of Phenonip at 0.4%-0.7%
Emulsions based on nonionic surfactants may require increased concentrations eg. 0.5%-1.0%

Phenonip is a preservative blend for skin and hair care products. 
The phenoxyethanol in Phenonip helps to further boost the perfomance and solubilizes parabens.

Phenonip provides activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, yeasts and molds.
Phenonip retains activity in the presence of most cosmetic ingredients.

Phenonip has been successfully used to protect most types of personal care products from microbial contamination.
As with other preservatives, the correct use concentration depends upon several factors, includeing the chemical and physical nature of the product, Phenonip ability to support microbial growth and the likelihood of recontamination during use.

Experience has shown that Phenonip will preserve cosmetics and toiletries when incorporated at concentrations from 0.25 % to 1 %. 
The higher concentrations are generally required only for formulations which, by nature, are particularly difficult to preserve.

Shampoos and foam baths may be preserved with Phenonip at concentrations between 0.25 % to 0.65 %.
Products with high protein content may require levels from 0.5 % - 1 %. Other surfactant- based products, for example liquid dishwashing detergents, are generally preserved with Phenonip over the range 0.2 %- 0.6 %.

Emuslified systems, both O/W and W/O types, may be effectively preserved by the addition of Phenonip at 0.4 %- 0.7 %. 
Phenonip can also be used to preserve emulsions based on nonionic surfactants, but slightly increased concentrations may be required, e.g. 0.5 -1 %.

The effectiveness of Phenonip in controlling gram negative bacteria has led to Phenonip use in some skin antiseptic products where traditional antiseptic agents have a weakness in their spectrum of activity against these organisms

Phenonip is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. 
Phenonip provides activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, yeasts and molds, and retains activity in the presence of most cosmetic ingredients. 
Phenonip has been successfully used to protect most types of personal care products from microbial contamination.

Phenonip, is an effective broad spectrum preservative that provides activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, yeasts and molds, and retains activity in the presence of most cosmetic ingredients. 
Phenonip is an excellent choice for many cosmetic and personal care applications, especially oil-based products. 

Phenonip works across a broad range of formulating spectrums, and is also effective in aqueous solutions, Oil-in-water, water-in-oil & all oil formulations. 
So whether you are formulating lotions, creams, balms, scrubs, or even shampoos, and body washes Phrnonip may be an excellent choice as a preservative.

Phenonip is a synergistic blend of esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in phenoxyethanol designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. 

Phenonip is a preservative that works in a multitude of applications. 
Phenonip is a clear liquid and the application rates vary from 3% to 1% by weight depending on the circumstances. 

Most applications are in the .3% to .5% range. 
To preserve 200g of salt scrub at 5% application rate would mean using approximately 1g of Phenonip. 

This preservative was designed with cosmetics in mind and is especially effective when used in conjunction with oil based products but also works extremely well in aqueous solutions up to a 5% application rate. 
Phenonip can also tolerate higher temperatures than many other preservatives and still maintain Phenonip effectiveness.

Preservatives are ingredients you add to your skin care formulas to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast and fungi. 
Preservatives can also be limited, like potassium sorbate or natural botanicals. 
These can be used alone or combined with other preservatives to achieve broad spectrum protection.

Phenonip is suitable for the following products:
Antiperspirants & Deodorants
Wet Wipes
Decorative Cosmetics
Creams, Lotions
Shampoos, Shower Gels, Liquid Soap
Hair Conditioner
Hair Styling

Benefits of Phenonip:
Retains activity over the range pH 3.0 - 8.0.
Non-volatile - there is no loss of preservative due to volatility even on prolonged storage.

Highly stable - aqueous solutions of Phenonip  can withstand autoclave sterilisation with no loss of activity.
Phenonip  has an excellent toxicological profile and is non-irritant to skin, eye and mucous membranes at normal use concentrations.
The components of Phenonip  are biodegradable at the low concentrations found in effluent.

Method of Incorporation of Phenonip:
Phenonip can be added to the aqueous phase readily up to Phenonip limit of solubility.
The relatively low aqueous solubility of Phenonip may require other methods of incorporation especially if the water content of the formulation is low.

Heating the water to 60-70℃ prior to Phenonip addition will, in most instances, allow the appropriate quantity to be dissolved.
For aqueous systems that cannot be heated, Phenonip can be incorporated by preparing a concentrate in a suitable solvent, e.g. propylene glycol, and stirring this concentrate into the water to give a final Phenonip concentration below its maximum water solubility.

In emulsified systems, Phenonip is readily dissolved in the lipid phase prior to emulsification although Phenonip is often good practice to divide the Phenonip content between the aqueous and lipid phases during their preparation
In surfactant and detergent based products, Phenonip can be dissolved in the surfactant prior to the addition of water and other ingredients.

pH stability of Phenonip:
Phenonip remains fully stable over a wide pH range from 3- 8.

Temperature stability of Phenonip:
Phenonip is highly stable- aqueous solutions of Phenonip can withstand autoclave sterilisation with no loss of activity.

Activity of Phenonip:

Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations:
Organism - % - Phenonip
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 0.225
Escherichia coli - 0.20
Proteus vulgaris - 0.225
Salmonella enteritidis - 0.225
Staphylococcus aureus - 0.20
Enteroccus faecium - 0.20
Bacillus cereus - 0.15
Candida albicans - 0.15
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - 0.15
Aspergillus niger - 0.125
Penicillium purpurogenum - 0.10

Properties of Phenonip:
Appearance (20°C): Colourless to light straw viscous liquid

Chemical and physical data of Phenonip:
Methyl Paraben: 14.5 – 16.5 % w/w
Ethyl Paraben: 3.5 – 4.3 % w/w
Propyl Paraben: 1.7 – 2.3 % w/w
Isobutyl Paraben: 1.7 – 2.3 % w/w
n-Butyl Paraben: 3.7 – 4.3 % w/w
Phenoxyethanol: 70.0 – 75.0 % w/w
Specific gravity: 1.124 g/cm³

Solubility of Phenonip:
Water: approx. 0.5 %
Ethanol: miscible
Ethanol/ Water: (50/50) > 95 %
Isopropanol: miscible
Acetone: miscible
Propylene Glycol: miscible
Isopropyl Myristate: miscible
Peanut Oil: 25 %
Liquid Paraffin: < 0.1 %
Glycerol: 10 %
Trithanolamine: miscible
Polysorbate- 80: miscible
Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulphate (40 %): 35 %

Odour: Slight
Specific Gravity: 1.124
Solubility in water: approx 0.5%
 
Solubility in organic solvents:
Ethanol:  miscible
Ethanol/water(50/50): >95.0
Isopropanol: misicible
Aceton: misicible
Propylen glycol: misicible
Isopropyl myristate: misicible
Peanut oil: 25.0%
Liquid paraffin: <0.1%
Glycerol: 10.0%
Triethanolamine: misible
Polysorvate: misible
Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate(40%): 35.0%

Synonyms of Phenonip:
2-Phenoxyethanol (122-99-6)    
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, 2-methylpropyl ester (4247-02-3)    
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, butyl ester (94-26-8)    
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester (120-47-8)    
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester (99-76-3)    
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (94-13-3)