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PHOSPHORIC ACID
CAS NO.: 7664-38-2
EC/LIST NO.: 231-633-2
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid), is a weak acid with the chemical formula H3PO4.
The pure compound is a colorless solid.
All three hydrogens are acidic to varying degrees and can be lost from the molecule as H+ ions (protons).
When all three H+ ions are removed, the result is an orthophosphate ion PO43−, commonly called "phosphate".
Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively.
Orthophosphoric acid also forms esters, called organophosphates.
Phosphoric acid is commonly encountered in chemical laboratories as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid.
Although phosphoric acid does not meet the strict definition of a strong acid, the 85% solution can still severely irritate the skin and damage the eyes.
The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid.
Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Phosphoric acid is produced industrially by two general routes.
In the wet process a phosphate-containing mineral such as calcium hydroxyapatite is treated with sulfuric acid.
Phosphoric acid is an inorganic compound acid derived from the mineral phosphorus.
Phosphoric acid is a crystalline solid, but in its less concentrated form it is a colorless syrupy liquid.
Phosphoric acid is used to acidify foods and beverages, and serves as a starting point to produce many phosphate derivatives.
Phosphoric Acid is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing inorganic acid.
Phosphoric acid is a sequestering agent which binds many divalent cations, including Fe++, Cu++, Ca++, and Mg++.
Phosphoric acid (PA) is an important industrial chemical used as an intermediate in the fertilizer industry, for metal surface treatment in the metallurgical industry and as an additive in the food industry.
The PA industry is spread out worldwide in Europe, Asia and America, including countries that operate phosphate rock (PR) mines and produce PA, phosphatic fertilizers and phosphate-based products.
Phosphoric Acid is used in a wide array of applications including the manufacturing of phosphate salts.
In addition to being a chemical reagent, Phosphoric Acid Food Grade is used as an ingredient in foods and beverages.
Phosphoric Acid is typically used for pH control in the food industry, for example in the manufacture of cheese products, fats, and shortenings.
Phosphoric acid is also used in the beverage industry in soft drinks, particularly cola.
Phosphoric Acid Tech Grade is used in plant nutrition applications to provide precise and targeted fortification with water-soluble solutions.
Phosphoric Acid is also used for water treatment, metal finishing, construction, and other industrial applications.
Phosphoric Acid is also known as orthophosphoric acid and is classed as a weak acid.
Austenitic stainless steels have good corrosion resistance to chemically pure phosphoric acid.
Wet process phosphoric acid (WPA) can be aggressive.
Phosphoric acid is used as a chemical-cleaning agent for stainless steels but is not considered to be a ‘passivating’ acid.
Commercially concentrated acid is around 85wt. %
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is the leading inorganic acid produced and consumed in terms of production value and it is the second largest in terms of volume—after sulfuric acid.
By far its greatest use is in the manufacture of phosphate chemicals consumed primarily as carriers of phosphorus values in fertilizers.
Use in the production of animal feeds is of secondary importance.
Phosphoric acid is also used in the manufacture of phosphate chemicals for use in water treatment and detergent builders, dentifrices, fire control chemicals, and a host of smaller markets.
Consumption of phosphoric acid for its acid properties is relatively small (e.g., treatment of metal surfaces, beverage acidulation).
Phosphoric acid is the leading intermediate product or processing step between phosphate rock and the end markets for phosphorus in phosphate form.
The supply/demand balance for phosphoric acid is supply driven.
If all the announced projects materialize, operating rates will improve.
Emerging regions are heavily investing in downstream phosphate fertilizer production units.
As a result, Phosphoric acid is expected that older phosphoric acid production units in regions without indigenous phosphate rock reserves will come under additional pressure and will eventually be forced to close.
Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is a strong acid used commonly for industrial purposes.
Dilute solutions have been used to acidify urine and as an aid to remove necrotic debris.
In dentistry, it may be used in silicate cements, and to etch enamel and dentin surfaces prior to application of various types of resins.
In may also be used as a dispersing agent in pharmaceuticals.
The primary use of phosphoric acid is in fertilizers.
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, is a weak acid.
Phosphoric acid is available in a range of purities, reagent grades, and quantities.
Phosphoric acid has a variety of applications in food and manufacturing and can be used as an external standard for phosphorus-31 NMR studies.
Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient and is taken up by plant roots, usually as the dihydrogenphosphate ion, H2PO4-, derived from phosphoric acid, H3PO4.
The manufacture of fertilizers that are used to rectify phosphorus deficiencies in soils depends on the availability of supplies of phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless mineral acid.
With an acidic taste and somewhat viscous consistency, phosphoric acid is used in a wide variety of products and industries.
Despite its popularity, this chemical can pose some potentially significant health hazards and should be handled with caution.
You are composed of all sorts of organic molecules.
That doesn't mean those molecules are labeled with a sticker that says 'organic'.
Phosphoric acid means these molecules contain carbon.
But not everything on Earth is organic.
Some things lack carbon.
Such substances are commonly referred to as being inorganic.
One of them is phosphoric acid, a corrosive inorganic acid.
You're about to learn a bit more about its structure, formula, properties and uses.
{displaystyle {ce {Ca5(PO4)3OH + 5H2SO4 -> 3H3PO4 + 5CaSO4v + H2O}}}{displaystyle {ce {Ca5(PO4)3OH + 5H2SO4 -> 3H3PO4 + 5CaSO4v + H2O}}}
Fluoroapatite is an alternative feedstock, in which case fluoride is removed as the insoluble compound Na2SiF6.
The phosphoric acid solution usually contains 23–33% P2O5 (32–46% H3PO4).
It may be concentrated to produce commercial- or merchant-grade phosphoric acid, which contains about 54–62% P2O5 (75–85% H3PO4).
Further removal of water yields superphosphoric acid with a P2O5 concentration above 70% (corresponding to nearly 100% H3PO4).
Calcium sulfate (gypsum) is produced as a by-product and is removed as phosphogypsum.
To produce food-grade phosphoric acid, phosphate ore is first reduced with coke in an electric arc furnace, to make elemental phosphorus.
Silica is also added, resulting in the production of calcium silicate slag.
Elemental phosphorus is distilled out of the furnace and burned with air to produce high-purity phosphorus pentoxide, which is dissolved in water to make phosphoric acid.
The phosphoric acid from both processes may be further purified by removing compounds of arsenic and other potentially toxic impurities.
Food-grade phosphoric acid (additive E338[19]) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas and jams, providing a tangy or sour taste.
The phosphoric acid also serves as a preservative.
Soft drinks containing phosphoric acid, which would include Coca-Cola, are sometimes called phosphate sodas or phosphates.
Phosphoric acid in soft drinks has the potential to cause dental erosion.
Phosphoric acid also has the potential to contribute to the formation of kidney stones, especially in those who have had kidney stones previously.
Specific applications of phosphoric acid include:
in anti-rust treatment by phosphate conversion coating or passivation
to prevent iron oxidation by means of the Parkerization process
as an external standard for phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance
in phosphoric acid fuel cells
in activated carbon production
in compound semiconductor processing, to etch Indium gallium arsenide selectively with respect to indium phosphide
in microfabrication to etch silicon nitride selectively with respect to silicon dioxide
as a pH adjuster in cosmetics and skin-care products
as a sanitizing agent in the dairy, food, and brewing industries
Phosphoric Acid is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing inorganic acid.
Phosphoric acid is a sequestering agent which binds many divalent cations, including Fe++, Cu++, Ca++, and Mg++.
Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental appliances or fillings will be placed.
In addition, phosphoric acid is a constituent in bone and teeth, and plays a role in many metabolic processes.
Phosphoric acid appears as a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid.
The pure solid melts at 42.35°C and has a density of 1.834 g / cm3.
Liquid is usually an 85% aqueous solution.
Shipped as both a solid and liquid.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Used in making fertilizers and detergents and in food processing.
Phosphoric acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.
Phosphoric acid has a role as a solvent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a fertilizer.
Phosphoric acid is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenphosphate and a phosphate ion.
Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless crystalline liquid.
Phosphoric acid gives soft drinks a tangy flavor and prevents the growth of mold and bacteria, which can multiply easily in a sugary solution.
Most of soda’s acidity also comes from phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid is made from the mineral phosphorus, which is found naturally in the body.
Phosphoric acid works with calcium to form strong bones and teeth.
Phosphoric acid also helps support kidney function and the way your body uses and stores energy.
Phosphorus helps your muscles recover after a hard workout.
The mineral plays a major role in the body’s growth and is even needed to produce DNA and RNA, the genetic codes of living things.
Phosphorus is first turned to phosphorus pentoxide through a chemical manufacturing process.
Phosphoric acid then treated again to become phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid is used in the manufacture of superphosphate fertilisers, livestock feeds, phosphate salts, polyphosphates, soaps, waxes, polishes and detergents.
Phosphoric acid is used as a soil stabiliser, in the manufacture of fire control agents, opal glasses, electric lights, in cotton dyeing, tile cleaning, ceramic binding, dental cement, water treatment, electro-polishing, operating lithography, photoengraving operations, process engraving, as a petrol additive and in coagulating rubber latex.
Phosphoric acid is used in metal rust proofing before painting, in the polishing of metals, in pickling and in hot stripping for aluminium and zinc substrates.
Phosphoric acid is used as an acid catalyst in making ethylene and purifying hydrogen peroxide, in the manufacture of chemicals (ethylbenzene, propylene, cumene), as a bonding agent for refractory bricks, in extracting penicillin and as an analytical agent.
Phosphoric acid is used as an anti-oxidant in food, as a flavour additive for sharp taste in food (jellies, preserves) and soft drinks (e.g. Coca-Cola), as a tang (Food Additive 338) and for the manufacture of yeasts and gelatine.
Phosphoric acid is used to manufacture the phosphoric acid electrolyte fuel cell system and it has been used to treat lead poisoning.
Boiling point 158 °C (1013 mbar)
Density 1.71 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point 21 °C
pH value <0.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 2 hPa (20 °C)
Viscosity kinematic 30.5 mm2/s (20 °C)
Phosphoric acid is produced by the reaction of fluorapatite known as 'phosphate rock' 3Ca3 (PO4) 2.CaF2 with sulfuric acid.
Phosphoric acid is a chemical that appeals to different sectors and has many uses.
Phosphoric acid is the main raw material input of phosphate fertilizer production.
Phosphoric acid is mostly used in the production of phosphate fertilizers, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, metal cleaning, polishing and food for acidity regulation.
The monograph also details the following specifications and corresponding tests for verifying that a substance meets ACS Reagent Grade specifications including: Assay, Color (APHA), Insoluble Matter, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Volatile Acids, Antimony, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Arsenic, Heavy Metals, Iron, Manganese, and Reducing Substances.
(also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a weak acid with the chemical formula H3PO4.
Orthophosphoric acid refers to phosphoric acid, which is the IUPAC name for this compound.
The prefix ortho- is used to distinguish the acid from related phosphoric acids, called polyphosphoric acids.
Orthophosphoric acid is a non-toxic acid, which, when pure, is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
The conjugate base of phosphoric acid is the dihydrogen phosphate ion, H2PO−4, which in turn has a conjugate base of hydrogen phosphate, HPO2−4, which has a conjugate base of phosphate, PO3−4.
Phosphates are essential for life.
The most common source of phosphoric acid is an 85% aqueous solution; such solutions are colourless, odourless, and non-volatile.
The 85% solution is a syrupy liquid, but still pourable.
Although phosphoric acid does not meet the strict definition of a strong acid, the 85% solution is acidic enough to be corrosive.
Because of the high percentage of phosphoric acid in this reagent, at least some of the orthophosphoric acid is condensed into polyphosphoric acids; for the sake of labeling and simplicity, the 85% represents H3PO4 as if it were all in the ortho form.
Dilute aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid exist in the ortho form.
phosphoric acid, any one of three chemical compounds made up of phosphorus, oxygen, and hydrogen (see acids and bases).
The most common, orthophosphoric acid, H3PO4, is usually simply called phosphoric acid.
Two molecules of it are formed by adding three molecules of water, H2O, to one molecule of phosphorus pentoxide (phosphoric anhydride, P2O5).
Phosphoric acid occurs as rhombic crystals or as a viscous liquid; both are deliquescent.
The crystals melt at about 42°C.
Phosphoric acid has specific gravity 1.834 at 18°C, is soluble in alcohol, and is very soluble in water.
Phosphoric acid is a tribasic acid and forms orthophosphate salts with either one, two, or all three of the hydrogens replaced by some other positive ion.
When it is heated to about 225°C, it dehydrates to form pyrophosphoric acid, H4P2O7; at still higher temperatures metaphosphoric acid, HPO3, is formed.
Salts of pyrophosphoric acid are pyrophosphates; salts of metaphosphoric acid are metaphosphates.
Phosphoric acid is prepared commercially by heating calcium phosphate rock with sulfuric acid; purer grades may be prepared by treating red phosphorus with nitric acid.
Phosphoric acid is used in pickling and rust-proofing metals, in acidifying jellies and beverages, and in preparing phosphate salts.
IUPAC NAME:
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SYNONYMS:
1921286 [Beilstein]
231-633-2 [EINECS]
7664-38-2 [RN]
Acide phosphorique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Acido fosforico [Spanish]
Acido fosforico [Italian]
Acidum phosphoricum [Latin]
Fosforzuuroplossingen [Dutch]
K-etchant
MFCD00011340
