PHOSPHORODITHIOIC ACID

Phosphorodithioic acid is a versatile additive, primarily employed in lubricants, fuel additives, and hydraulic fluids, offering superior protection against wear, corrosion, and oxidation.
Phosphorodithioic acid works synergistically with other additives, such as anti-oxidants, detergents, and dispersants, to maintain the stability of the formulation and ensure the performance of the lubricant over time.
In automotive engines, Phosphorodithioic acid is commonly used in engine oils, transmission fluids, and hydraulic oils, where it provides protection against wear caused by high-speed moving parts, such as pistons, bearings, and cams.

CAS Number: 136-52-7
EC Number: 205-146-7
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2PS2Zn
Molecular Weight: 305.83 g/mol

Synonyms: 24645-45-2, Bis(phosphorodithioate de zinc et de O,O-dibutyle), Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-dibutyl ester, zinc salt (2:1), Zinc bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioate), Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-S)-, Zinkbis(O,O-dibutylphosphorodithioat), 203120-69-8, 2253-44-3, 246-380-3, 37953-03-0, 55620-89-8, bis(O,O-dibutyl dithiophosphato-S,S′)zinc, Bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-S,S′)zinc (T-4), Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-dibutyl ester, zinc salt (8CI), Rhenocure TP, Rhenocure TP/S, Vocol, ZINC BIS(O,O-DIBUTYL PHOSPHORODITHIOATO-S,S′)(T-4), zinc O,O,O′,O′-tetrabutyl bis(phosphorodithioate), ZINC(2+) ION BIS(O,O-DIBUTYL SULFANIDYLPHOSPHONOTHIOATE), Zinc, bis(dibutyl dithiophosphate), Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-kappaS,kappaS′)-, (T-4)-, Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-S,S′)-, (T-4)-, Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-S,S′)-, (β-4)-, Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-κS,κS′)-, (T-4)-, Zinc, dibutyldithiophosphate

Phosphorodithioic acid is a specialized chemical compound commonly used as an additive in lubricants and industrial fluids due to its exceptional performance in enhancing the stability, protection, and efficiency of metalworking processes.
Phosphorodithioic acid is primarily used as an anti-wear agent, corrosion inhibitor, and antioxidant in various formulations.

Phosphorodithioic acid is a member of the dithiophosphate family, characterized by the presence of sulfur atoms attached to a phosphorus backbone, and a zinc ion that enhances its functionality as a metal protector.
Phosphorodithioic acid is most commonly found in lubricants, hydraulic fluids, greases, and automotive oils, where it plays a crucial role in extending the lifespan of equipment by minimizing wear and reducing oxidation during extreme conditions.

The molecular structure of Phosphorodithioic acid allows it to form a protective film on metal surfaces, preventing direct contact between the metal and aggressive elements such as oxygen, moisture, and contaminants.
This results in a reduction of rust, corrosion, and other types of degradation, making it ideal for applications that require long-term protection and reliability.
Phosphorodithioic acid's anti-wear properties are particularly beneficial for high-performance machinery and engines that operate under heavy loads, high pressure, or at elevated temperatures.

In addition to its use in lubricants, Phosphorodithioic acid is also employed in the manufacturing of industrial oils, fuel additives, and even as a stabilizer in various chemical processes.
Phosphorodithioic acid's versatility and effectiveness make it a valuable component in the production of fluids used in automotive, aerospace, marine, and industrial applications.
Phosphorodithioic acid is often formulated in combination with other additives to optimize the performance of industrial fluids and ensure that they meet specific regulatory standards for safety and environmental impact.

Phosphorodithioic acid is particularly advantageous in reducing friction between moving parts, improving the efficiency of machinery, and enhancing fuel efficiency by reducing energy losses due to friction.
Additionally, Phosphorodithioic acid contributes to minimizing harmful emissions, making it a crucial additive in environmentally conscious industrial operations.

Despite its effectiveness, Phosphorodithioic acid must be handled with care due to its chemical composition, and manufacturers must adhere to appropriate safety measures during its handling and application.
Phosphorodithioic acid is compatible with a wide range of base oils and is easily incorporated into existing formulations, making it a popular choice for formulators seeking reliable and cost-effective additives for industrial products.

Phosphorodithioic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Phosphorodithioic acid is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Phosphorodithioic acid is an organophosphorus compound widely recognized for its multifunctional properties, particularly in applications where metal protection and stability are paramount.
Phosphorodithioic acid is a versatile additive, primarily employed in lubricants, fuel additives, and hydraulic fluids, offering superior protection against wear, corrosion, and oxidation.
Phosphorodithioic acid is highly valued in industrial applications because of its ability to perform well under demanding conditions, such as high temperatures, extreme pressure, and heavy load environments, where it provides significant benefits in prolonging the life of equipment and machinery.

The structure of Phosphorodithioic acid is based on a zinc ion bonded to a dithiophosphate group.
This structure allows Phosphorodithioic acid to create a protective layer on metal surfaces that helps to reduce friction and prevent metal degradation.

When added to lubricants, Phosphorodithioic acid works synergistically with other additives, such as anti-oxidants, detergents, and dispersants, to maintain the stability of the formulation and ensure the performance of the lubricant over time.
Phosphorodithioic acid is also effective in neutralizing acids and preventing the formation of sludge and varnish, which can clog and impair machinery function.

In automotive engines, Phosphorodithioic acid is commonly used in engine oils, transmission fluids, and hydraulic oils, where it provides protection against wear caused by high-speed moving parts, such as pistons, bearings, and cams.
By reducing metal-to-metal contact, Phosphorodithioic acid helps reduce the occurrence of engine failure and extends oil life by preventing oxidation and the buildup of harmful residues.
Moreover, Phosphorodithioic acid is used in marine applications, where it protects metals against the harsh conditions encountered at sea, including exposure to saltwater and high humidity.

Phosphorodithioic acid is not only beneficial for lubricants but is also incorporated into other industrial products, such as grease, to enhance its ability to withstand mechanical stress.
Phosphorodithioic acid helps to improve the load-carrying capacity of greases, reducing friction and wear in heavy-duty machinery and extending the service life of critical components.
In addition, Phosphorodithioic acid contributes to the stability of oils in extreme operating environments, ensuring that they maintain their performance even in the face of thermal and oxidative stress.

While Phosphorodithioic acid offers significant advantages in performance, it must be handled with care, as with any chemical additive.
Phosphorodithioic acid's use requires adherence to appropriate safety protocols to avoid harmful exposure.

Phosphorodithioic acid is often formulated to be compatible with a wide range of base oils and other additives, allowing it to be used across various industries, from automotive and aerospace to marine and industrial manufacturing.
Phosphorodithioic acid's relatively low toxicity and ability to meet environmental safety standards make it a preferred choice for manufacturers focused on sustainability.

Furthermore, Phosphorodithioic acid is important in contributing to the growing demand for more eco-friendly industrial processes.
As industries increasingly prioritize the reduction of environmental impact, Phosphorodithioic acid’s role in minimizing wear and reducing emissions supports sustainability efforts in sectors such as automotive manufacturing and energy production.
Phosphorodithioic acid's use helps to optimize fuel consumption and reduce the overall carbon footprint of machinery and vehicles, making it a key ingredient in developing more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly lubricants and additives.

In summary, Phosphorodithioic acid is a vital component in industrial lubrication systems, offering superior anti-wear, anti-corrosion, and antioxidant protection.
Phosphorodithioic acid's ability to extend the lifespan of machinery, improve fuel efficiency, and reduce maintenance costs makes it an essential additive for a range of industries.
Phosphorodithioic acid's continued role in advancing the performance and sustainability of industrial operations underscores its importance as a cutting-edge solution in modern manufacturing.

Uses of Phosphorodithioic Acid:
Phosphorodithioic acid is a highly versatile chemical compound with several key uses, particularly in industrial and automotive applications.
Phosphorodithioic acid's multifunctional properties make it valuable as an additive in lubricants, fuel treatments, and other industrial fluids.

Here are some of Phosphorodithioic acid's primary uses:

Lubricants and Engine Oils:
Phosphorodithioic acid is commonly used in engine oils and lubricants to provide superior protection against wear, friction, and corrosion.
Phosphorodithioic acid forms a protective layer on metal surfaces, preventing direct metal-to-metal contact and reducing wear on moving parts such as pistons, bearings, and cams.
This helps to extend the life of engines and reduce maintenance needs.

Transmission Fluids and Hydraulic Oils:
Phosphorodithioic acid is also utilized in transmission fluids and hydraulic oils to protect against wear and oxidation, ensuring smooth operation and efficiency.
Phosphorodithioic acid plays a crucial role in stabilizing fluid formulations under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.

Fuel Additives:
In fuels, Phosphorodithioic acid acts as an anti-wear agent, helping to reduce the formation of harmful residues, sludge, and varnish.
This improves fuel system performance, enhances combustion efficiency, and minimizes engine deposits, thereby extending the life of fuel injectors and other critical components.

Greases:
Phosphorodithioic acid is used in grease formulations to enhance the load-carrying capacity and provide protection against high friction and wear.
Phosphorodithioic acid ensures that grease maintains its performance under extreme mechanical stress, making it ideal for use in heavy-duty machinery, automotive applications, and industrial equipment.

Corrosion Inhibitors:
Due to its ability to form protective films on metal surfaces, Phosphorodithioic acid is employed in various industrial fluids, such as coolants, to prevent corrosion and rust.
This is particularly valuable in industries like automotive, aerospace, and marine, where metal components are constantly exposed to moisture and other corrosive agents.

Industrial Manufacturing:
Phosphorodithioic acid is used in a wide range of industrial processes, including metalworking, to protect machinery and tooling from wear and oxidation.
Phosphorodithioic acid helps improve the longevity of industrial equipment and reduces the need for frequent maintenance or replacement of parts.

Marine and Aerospace Applications:
In marine and aerospace industries, where equipment is exposed to harsh environments, including saltwater, high humidity, and extreme temperatures, Phosphorodithioic acid provides corrosion and wear protection for critical components, ensuring reliability and performance.

Thermal and Oxidative Stability in Formulations:
Phosphorodithioic acid enhances the stability of lubricants, oils, and greases by improving their thermal and oxidative resistance.
This makes Phosphorodithioic acid essential for applications that involve long operating hours or extreme environmental conditions, where the fluid’s integrity could otherwise be compromised.

Sustainability and Environmental Impact:
Phosphorodithioic acid is also used in formulations designed with environmental sustainability in mind.
Phosphorodithioic acid supports the development of eco-friendly lubricants and additives that reduce the carbon footprint of industrial operations and minimize harmful emissions.

These diverse uses highlight the importance of Phosphorodithioic acid in various industries, contributing to machinery longevity, improved operational efficiency, and reduced maintenance costs.

Consumer Uses:
Phosphorodithioic acid is most likely to be released to the environment.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Phosphorodithioic acid is used for the manufacture of: rubber products.
Other release to the environment of Phosphorodithioic acid is likely to occur from: outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Uses at industrial sites:
Phosphorodithioic acid is used for the manufacture of: rubber products.
Release to the environment of Phosphorodithioic acid can occur from industrial use: as processing aid.

Applications of Phosphorodithioic Acid:
Phosphorodithioic acid is widely used across various industries due to its excellent properties as an anti-wear, anti-oxidant, and corrosion-inhibiting additive.
In automotive applications, Phosphorodithioic acid is commonly incorporated into engine oils, transmission fluids, and fuel additives to protect metal surfaces from wear and oxidation, enhance lubrication efficiency, and improve fuel system performance by reducing deposits and sludge formation.

Phosphorodithioic acid is also a key ingredient in industrial lubricants and hydraulic oils, where it helps to maintain the stability and performance of the fluid under high temperature and pressure conditions.
In addition, Phosphorodithioic acid is used in grease formulations to provide enhanced load-carrying capacity and reduce friction in heavy-duty machinery.

Phosphorodithioic acid's corrosion-inhibiting properties are particularly valuable in marine, aerospace, and manufacturing applications, where it protects metal components from rust and deterioration, ensuring reliable operation in harsh environments.
Phosphorodithioic acid is also employed in metalworking and manufacturing processes to protect equipment and tooling from wear, oxidation, and corrosion, thereby increasing operational efficiency and minimizing downtime.

The main application of Phosphorodithioic acids are as anti-wear additives in lubricants including greases, hydraulic oils, and motor oils.
Phosphorodithioic acids also act as corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants.
Concentrations in lubricants range from 600 ppm for modern, energy-conserving low-viscosity oils to 2000 ppm in some racing oils.

Phosphorodithioic acid has been reported that zinc and phosphorus emissions may damage catalytic converters and standard formulations of lubricating oils for gasoline engines now have reduced amounts of the additive due to the API limiting the concentration of this additive in new API SM and SN oils; however, this affects only 20- and 30-grade "ILSAC" oils.
Grades 40 and higher have no regulation regarding the concentration of Phosphorodithioic acid, except for diesel oils meeting the API CJ-4 specification which have had the level of Phosphorodithioic acid reduced slightly, although most diesel Heavy-Duty Engine oils still have a higher concentration of this additive.

Crankcase oils with reduced Phosphorodithioic acid have been cited as causing damage to, or failure of, classic/collector car flat-tappet camshafts and lifters which undergo very high boundary layer pressures and/or shear forces at their contact faces, and in other regions such as main bearings, and piston rings and pins.
Roller camshafts/followers are more commonly used to reduce camshaft lobe friction in modern engines.
There are additives, such as STP Oil Treatment, and some racing oils such as PurOl, PennGrade 1, and Valvoline VR-1, Kixx Hydraulic Oil which are available in the retail market with the necessary amount of Phosphorodithioic acid for engines using increased valve spring pressures.

Tribofilm formation mechanism:
Various mechanisms have been proposed for how Phosphorodithioic acid forms protective tribofilms on solid surfaces.
In-situ atomic-force microscopy (AFM) experiments show that the growth of Phosphorodithioic acid tribofilms increases exponentially with both the applied pressure and temperature, consistent with a stress-promoted thermal activation reaction rate model.
Subsequently, experiments with negligible solid-solid contact demonstrated that film formation rate depends on the applied shear stress.

Production of Phosphorodithioic Acid:
The production of Phosphorodithioic acid typically involves the reaction of zinc oxide or zinc salts with dithiophosphoric acid derivatives.
The most common method for synthesizing Phosphorodithioic acid is through the reaction between zinc oxide (ZnO) and dibutyl dithiophosphate (DBDTP) in the presence of an appropriate solvent. Here's an overview of the process:

Starting Materials:
The key reactants are zinc oxide (ZnO), dibutyl dithiophosphate (DBDTP), and sometimes a solvent such as toluene or xylene to facilitate the reaction.

Reaction:
Zinc oxide (ZnO) reacts with dibutyl dithiophosphate (DBDTP) in a controlled environment.

Formation of Phosphorodithioic Acid:
During the reaction, zinc ions (Zn²⁺) combine with the dithiophosphate groups (–P(S)SH), resulting in the formation of Phosphorodithioic acid.
The reaction generally forms a clear or slightly viscous liquid or solid depending on the conditions.

Purification:
After the reaction is complete, the mixture is often purified by removing excess reagents, unreacted by-products, and solvent residues.
This may involve filtration, distillation, or washing with water or alcohol.

Final Product:
The resulting product is then tested for purity, stability, and performance before being packaged for use in various applications.

Phosphorodithioic acid is produced in a controlled manner to ensure consistent quality, meeting the necessary standards for use in industrial and automotive lubricants, as well as other specialized formulations.

Synthesis and Structure of Phosphorodithioic Acid:
With the formula Zn[(S2P(OR)2]2, zinc dithiophosphate features diverse R groups.
Typically, R is a branched or linear alkyl between 1-14 carbons in length.

Examples include 2-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl (2-ethylhexyl), 6-methylheptyl, 1-methylpropyl, dodecylphenyl, and others.
A mix of zinc dialkyl(C3-C6)dithiophosphates come under CAS number 84605-29-8. A list of other examples with their CAS numbers is here.

Zinc dithiophosphate are produced in two steps.
First phosphorus pentasulfide is treated with suitable alcohols (ROH) to give the dithiophosphoric acid.
A wide variety of alcohols can be employed, which allows the lipophilicity of the final zinc product to be fine tuned.

The resulting dithiophosphate is then neutralized by adding zinc oxide:
P2S5 + 4 ROH → 2 (RO)2PS2H + H2S
2 (RO)2PS2H + ZnO → Zn[(S2P(OR)2]2 + H2O

Structural chemistry:
In Zn[(S2P(OR)2]2, the zinc has tetrahedral geometry.
This monomeric compound Zn[(S2P(OR)2]2 exists in equilibrium with dimers, oligomers, and polymers [Zn[(S2P(OR)2]2]n (n > 1).

For example, zinc diethyldithiophosphate, Zn[(S2P(OEt)2]2, crystallizes as a polymeric solid consisting of linear chains.
Reaction of Zn[(S2P(OR)2]2 with additional zinc oxide gives rise to the oxygen-centered cluster, Zn4O[(S2P(OR)2]6, which adopts the structure seen for basic zinc acetate.

History of Phosphorodithioic Acid:
Phosphorodithioic acid has a history rooted in the development of chemical additives used in lubrication and anti-corrosion technologies.
Phosphorodithioic acid was developed as part of the growing need for effective additives to improve the performance and longevity of lubricants and oils, particularly in automotive and industrial applications.

The origins of dithiophosphate-based compounds date back to the mid-20th century, when the petroleum and automotive industries were seeking ways to enhance the performance of lubricating oils under increasingly demanding conditions.
Researchers discovered that dithiophosphates, which are compounds containing phosphorus-sulfur groups, could provide valuable properties such as anti-wear, anti-corrosion, and oxidation stability.

Zinc, as a metal, has long been recognized for Phosphorodithioic acid's protective properties against rust and corrosion.
The combination of zinc with dithiophosphates, such as the dibutyl variant, led to the creation of Phosphorodithioic acid, a compound that offers excellent lubricating properties while also improving the durability of metal surfaces.

In the 1960s and 1970s, with the rapid expansion of the automotive and machinery industries, there was an increasing demand for high-performance lubricants that could operate at higher temperatures and pressures.
Phosphorodithioic acid became a key ingredient in many of these formulations, particularly in engine oils, hydraulic fluids, and industrial lubricants.

The success of Phosphorodithioic acid in improving oil performance, reducing wear and tear, and protecting metal surfaces under harsh conditions led to its widespread adoption in automotive and industrial applications.
Over time, the production processes were refined to improve the efficiency, purity, and cost-effectiveness of Phosphorodithioic acid.

Today, Phosphorodithioic acid continues to be a vital additive in the formulation of oils, lubricants, and other industrial fluids, benefiting from ongoing research to enhance its performance and environmental compatibility.
Phosphorodithioic acid's development represents a key milestone in the quest to create more effective and durable materials for modern industrial and automotive applications.

Handling and Storage of Phosphorodithioic Acid:

Handling:
Handle with care to avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Use appropriate safety equipment (gloves, goggles, protective clothing) when handling Phosphorodithioic acid.

Avoid inhalation of vapors or mists.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.

Use only in well-ventilated areas.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Keep away from strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Store in tightly sealed containers to prevent contamination and evaporation.
Ensure containers are properly labeled.

Reactivity and Stability of Phosphorodithioic Acid:

Reactivity:
Phosphorodithioic acid is stable under normal handling and storage conditions.
Reacts with strong acids and bases, which could lead to the formation of hazardous products.
May react with metals, producing metal dithiophosphates.

Stability:
Stable at ambient temperatures but may degrade over time at high temperatures or under exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
Avoid exposure to open flames, excessive heat, or sources of ignition to prevent decomposition.

Incompatibilities:
Strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Can release toxic sulfur oxides (SOx) and phosphorus compounds when exposed to fire or extreme heat.

First Aid Measures of Phosphorodithioic Acid:

Inhalation:
Remove person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist (coughing, breathing difficulty), seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation develops, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring to lift eyelids.
Seek medical attention immediately if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water and drink water or milk to dilute.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Firefighting Measures of Phosphorodithioic Acid:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), foam, or water spray.
Use appropriate fire extinguishing agents for surrounding materials.

Unsuitable Extinguishing Media:
Do not use water jets directly on the fire to avoid spreading it.

Firefighting Instructions:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear.
Cool containers exposed to fire with water spray to prevent rupture or explosion.

Hazardous Combustion Products:
Sulfur oxides (SOx), phosphorus compounds, and toxic fumes may be released in a fire.

Accidental Release Measures of Phosphorodithioic Acid:

Personal Precautions:
Evacuate the area and ventilate the space.
Avoid breathing vapors or mists.
Use appropriate protective equipment (gloves, goggles, mask).

Environmental Precautions:
Prevent product from entering drains, sewers, or waterways.
Use containment methods to limit the spread of spilled material.

Methods for Containment and Cleanup:
Absorb spills with inert materials such as sand, earth, or suitable absorbents.
Collect the absorbed material into appropriate containers for disposal.
Clean the affected area thoroughly after the spill has been absorbed.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Phosphorodithioic Acid:

Occupational Exposure Limits:
There are no established exposure limits specifically for Phosphorodithioic acid, but it is recommended to follow general industrial hygiene practices for chemicals in the workplace.

Engineering Controls:
Ensure adequate ventilation, especially in confined spaces.
Use local exhaust ventilation to prevent inhalation of fumes or vapors.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Respiratory Protection:
If exposure limits are exceeded or during cleaning up spills, use an appropriate respiratory protection device, such as an N95 respirator or a full-face respirator with filters for organic vapors.

Hand Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile gloves).

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shield to protect against eye contact.

Skin Protection:
Wear protective clothing such as lab coats or aprons to prevent skin contact.

Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands, face, and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling the chemical.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Phosphorodithioic acid is used or stored.

Identifiers of Phosphorodithioic Acid:
CAS Number: 136-52-7
EC Number: 205-146-7
IUPAC Name: Zinc bis(butyl dithiophosphate)
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2PS2Zn
Molecular Weight: 305.83 g/mol

UN Number: 3077 (for environmental hazards)
HS Code: 2931.00 (Used for trade and customs purposes)
SMILES Notation: O=P(SC(C)C)(SC(C)C)[O-].[Zn+2]
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H18O2PS2.Zn/c1-3-5-7-10(9)8-6-4-2;;/h3-8H2,1-2H3;2*1H2
InChI Key: VZCOFSBLCZAVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CIT number: Z002

Molecular Formula: C16H36O4P2S4Zn
Molecular Weight: 551.08
CAS Number: 6990-43-8

Molecular formula: C16H36O4P2S4Zn
Average mass: 548.038
Monoisotopic mass: 546.026309
ChemSpider ID: 73511

IUPAC Name: zinc;butoxy-butylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-λ5-phosphane
InChI: InChI=1S/2C8H19O2PS2.Zn/c2*1-3-5-7-10-11(9,12)13-8-6-4-2;/h2*3-8H2,1-2H3,(H,9,12);/q;;+2/p-2
InChIKey: ZNCAMSISVWKWHL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES: CCCCOP(=S)([O-])SCCCC.CCCCOP(=S)([O-])SCCCC.[Zn+2]
Molecular Formula: C16H36O4P2S4Zn

Properties of Phosphorodithioic Acid:
Molecular Formula: C8H19O2PS2.1/2Zn
Molar Mass: 548.06
Melting Point: 36.8 °C
Flash Point: 195°C (383°F)
Water Solubility: 1.7g/L at 20℃
Solubility: 8090.2g/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
Vapor Presure: 0Pa at 25℃
Specific Gravity: 1.26
Sensitive: 0: forms stable aqueous solutions

Molecular Weight: 548.1 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 546.026310 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 546.026310 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 179Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 27
Complexity: 164
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical State: Yellowish to amber liquid or solid (depending on temperature).
Odor: Mild sulfur-like odor.
Boiling Point: Approximately 210–220°C (when decomposed).
Melting Point: Varies, typically around 0–10°C.
Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Density: Approximately 1.2 g/cm³ at 25°C.
Flash Point: 165°C (closed cup).
Viscosity: Viscous liquid.
Color: Amber to yellow.

Names of Phosphorodithioic Acid:

Regulatory process names:
Bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-S,S')zinc (T-4)
Butyl zinc phosphorodithioate (Zn((BuO)2(S)PS)2) (6CI,7CI)
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-dibutyl ester, zinc salt (8CI)
Rhenocure TP
Rhenocure TP/S
Vocol
Vocol 5
Zinc dibutyl phosphorodithioate
Zinc O,O,O',O'-tetrabutyl bis(phosphorodithioate)
Zinc O,O,O',O'-tetrabutyl bis(phosphorodithioate)
zinc O,O,O',O'-tetrabutyl bis(phosphorodithioate)
Zinc O,O-dibutyl dithiophosphate
Zinc O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioate
Zinc, bis(dibutyl dithiophosphate)
Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-kappaS,kappaS')-, (T-4)-
Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-S,S')-, (beta-4)-
Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-S,S')-, (T-4)-
Zinc, dibutyldithiophosphate

IUPAC names:
Zinc bis(O,O)-dibutyl dithiophosphate
zinc bis(O,O-dibutyl dithiophosphate)
Zinc O,O,O',O'-tetrabutyl bis(phosphorodithioate)
zinc O,O,O',O'-tetrabutyl bis(phosphorodithioate)
Zinc O,O,O',O'-tetrabutyl bis(phosphorodithioate)
Zinc, bis(O,O-dibutyl phosphorodithioato-κS,κS')-, (T-4)-

Trade name:
Querrac ZBPD

Other identifiers:
137545-59-6
203120-69-8
37953-03-0
55620-89-8
577750-32-4
6990-43-8