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Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula H₃PO₃.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is an inorganic, diprotic acid and is commonly referred to as phosphonic acid in IUPAC nomenclature.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has one hydrogen atom directly bonded to phosphorus and two hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to the phosphorus atom.
CAS Number: 13598-36-2
Molecular Formula: H3O3P
Molecular Weight: 82
EINECS Number: 237-066-7
Synonyms: 5'-adenylic acid, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, Adenosine monophosphate, adenosine phosphate, 61-19-8, adenylic acid, adenosine 5'-phosphate, 5'-AMP, adenylate, Phosphentaside, Adenovite, Cardiomone, Phosaden, Phosphaden, Lycedan, AMP, Adenosine-5'-monophosphate, Vitamin B8, My-B-Den, Myoston, Monophosphadenine, 5'-adenosine monophosphate, Muskeladenylsaeure, AMP (nucleotide), Ergadenylic acid, Muscle adenylic acid, a-5mp, Adenosini phosphas, Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), Adenyl, Fosfato de adenosina, Adenosine-5'-monophosphoric acid, Adenosine 5'-phosphoric acid, Phosphate d'adenosine, PAdo, adenosine-monophosphate, adenosine-5'P, Adenosine-5-monophosphoric acid, Muskeladenosin-phosphorsaeure, Adenylic acid (VAN), Ado5'P, Adenosine 5'-monophosphoric acid, adenosine-phosphate, 5'-O-phosphonoadenosine, A5MP, AMP (VAN), NSC-20264, Adenosini phosphas [INN-Latin], Adenosine, mono(dihydrogen phosphate) (ester), HSDB 3281, A 5MP, Fosfato de adenosina [INN-Spanish], Phosphate d'adenosine [INN-French], CHEBI:16027, BRN 0054612, [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate, EINECS 200-500-0, NSC 20264, UNII-415SHH325A, DTXSID5022560, 415SHH325A, ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate, Adenosine phosphate [USAN:BAN:INN], Adenosine 5' monophosphate, CHEMBL752, {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid, DTXCID002560, Adenosine 5-Monophosphate, 4-26-00-03615 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NCGC00163319-01, NCGC00163319-03, ADENOSINE 5'-(DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE), MFCD00005750, 136920-07-5, 122768-03-0, Adenosini phosphas (INN-Latin), Adenosine-5-phosphate, ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE (MART.), ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE [MART.], NSC20264, 5'-ADENYLIC ACID (USP-RS), 5'-ADENYLIC ACID [USP-RS], Fosfato de adenosina (INN-Spanish), Phosphate d'adenosine (INN-French), 67583-85-1, 7gpb, 8gpb, CAS-61-19-8, Adenosine phosphate [USAN:INN:BAN], adenosin-5'-monophosphat, Adenyl (TN), MFCD00149360, Adenosine 5' Phosphate, Adenosine5'-monophosphate, 5'-Phosphate, Adenosine, Adenosine Monophosphate (Amp), Muscle adenylate, adenosina fosfato, 5'adenylic acid, Adenosine phosphate (USAN/INN), 1pyg, 2gsu, 5'-adenylate, My-beta-Den, Adenosine-5'-Monophosphate, Free acid, T-ADENYLIC, 1ua4, 1z6s, Adenosine 5monophosphate, adenosine 5'-phosphates, Adenosine 5'-phosphorate, Prestwick0_000356, Prestwick1_000356, Prestwick2_000356, Prestwick3_000356, Adenosine 5 -monophosphate, bmse000005, bmse000873, bmse000992, Epitope ID:137353, Adenosine-5-monophosphorate, SCHEMBL5588, 5-AMP, Adenosine-5'-monophosphorate, BSPBio_000451, SPBio_002372, BPBio1_000497, GTPL2455, [3h]adenosine 5'-monophosphate, Adenosine phosphate(Vitamin B8), SCHEMBL18287224, 5'-ADENYLIC ACID [MI], BDBM18137, CHEBI:22256, CHEBI:37096, 5'-ADENYLIC ACID [FCC], ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE [INN], C01EB10, [(2R,3S,4R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate, ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE [HSDB], ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE [USAN], ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE [VANDF], 7A8E6D15-9136-44C1-88C9-E1A224638E56, HY-A0181, Tox21_112046, ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE [WHO-DD], s9366, AKOS015833068, AKOS015888563, Tox21_112046_1, CCG-267996, DB00131, NCGC00163319-02, [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate, AS-11783, BP-58695, DB-022416, A0158, CS-0017523, C00020, D02769, F20323, EN300-1700412, Adenosine-3(+2')-monophosphoric acid monohydrate*, Q318369, J-700145, W-105182, Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-Agarose, lyophilized powder, Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-Agarose, saline suspension, Z2216887941, 9H-Purin-6-amine, 9-(5-O-phosphono-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-, 9H-purin-6-amine, 9-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-, [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-adenin-9-yl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate;hydrate, 53624-78-5, Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-Agarose, lyophilized powder, Contains lactose stabilizers that must be removed prior to use, Phosphorous acid, extra pure, 98%;Phosphorus trihydroxide;phosphorustrihydroxide;Trihydroxyphosphine;PHOSPHOROUSACID,REAGENT;Phosphonsure;Phosphorous acid, 98%, extra pure;AURORA KA-1076
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is the compound described by the formula H3PO3.
This acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.
Organic derivatives of Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), compounds with the formula RPO3H2, are called phosphonic acids.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorous compounds.
It is a raw material to prepare phosphonates for water treatment such as iron and manganese control, scale inhibition and removal, corrosion control and chlorine stabilization.
The alkali metal salts (phosphites) of Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) are being widely marketed either as an agricultural fungicide (e.g. Downy Mildew) or as a superior source of plant phosphorous nutrition.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in stabilizing mixtures for plastic materials.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used for inhibiting high-temperature of corrosion-prone metal surfaces and to produce lubricants and lubricant additives.
The structural formula is often written as HPO(OH)₂.
It is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in water.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is moderately strong, releasing protons (H⁺) in water.
It has two ionizable hydrogens, so it is a diprotic acid, forming H₂PO₃⁻ (dihydrogen phosphite) and HPO₃²⁻ (hydrogen phosphite) ions in solution.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), H3PO3, is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is as an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorous compounds.
Because preparation and uses of “phosphorous acid” actually pertain more to the major tautomer, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), it is more often referred to as “phosphorous acid”.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has the chemical formula H3PO3, which is best expressed as HPO(OH)2 to show its diprotic character.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has CAS number 10294-56-1.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has been shown to be a stable tautomer.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a white crystalline deliquescent solid that can be prepared by the action of water on phosphorus( III) oxide or phosphorus(III) chloride.
It is a dibasic acid producing the anions H2PO3- and HPO3 2- in water.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) and its salts are slow reducing agents.
On warming, phosphonic acid decomposes to phosphine and phosphoric(V) acid.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used to prepare phosphite salts.
It is usually sold as a 20% aqueous solution.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) appears as a white or yellow crystalline solid (melting point 70.1 deg C) or a solution of the solid.
ontact may severely irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4.
It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.
Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4.
Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HP 2−4, respectively.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) forms esters, called organophosphates.
The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid)s", such as pyrophosphoric acid.
Nevertheless, the term "Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid)" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is produced industrially by one of two routes, wet processes and dry.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) decomposes when heated to form phosphine, a gas that usually ignites spontaneously in air.
Absorbs oxygen from the air to form Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid).
Forms yellow deposits in aqueous solution that are spontaneously flammable upon drying.
Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic hydroxides) to form salts.
These reactions can generate dangerously large amounts of heat in small spaces.
Dissolution in water or dilution of a concentrated solution with additional water may generate significant heat.
Reacts in the presence of moisture with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas.
Can initiate the polymerization of certain alkenes reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
May generate flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents.
Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (to give SO2), and carbonates (to give CO2).
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has tetrahedral geometry about the central phosphorus atom, with a P−H bond of 132 pm, one P=O double bond of 148 pm and two longer P−OH single bonds of 154 pm.
In common with other phosphorus oxides with P−H bonds (e.g.hypophosphorous acid and dialkyl phosphites), it exists in equilibrium with an extremely minor tautomer P(OH)3. (
The hydrogen atom bonded directly to the phosphorus atom is not readily ionizable.
Chemistry examinations often test students' appreciation of the fact that not all three hydrogen atoms are acidic under aqueous conditions, in contrast with H3PO4.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) and its deprotonated forms are good reducing agents, although not necessarily quick to react.
They are oxidized to phosphoric acid or its salts.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) reduces solutions of noble metal cations to the metals.
When phosphorous acid is treated with a cold solution of mercuric chloride, a white precipitate of mercurous chloride forms.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is produced in the form of a white volatile powder by the slow combustion of phosphorus.
Its salts are called phosphites.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is conveniently prepared by allowing phosphorous trichloride to react with water.
In industrial synthesis PCl3 is sprayed into steam at 190oC the heat of reaction is used to distill off the hydrogen chloride and excess water vapour.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the manufacture of superphosphate fertilisers, livestock feeds, phosphate salts, polyphosphates, soaps, waxes, polishes and detergents.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used as a soil stabiliser, in the manufacture of fire control agents, opal glasses, electric lights, in cotton dyeing, tile cleaning, ceramic binding, dental cement, water treatment, electro-polishing, operating lithography, photoengraving operations, process engraving, as a petrol additive and in coagulating rubber latex.
It is used in metal rust proofing before painting, in the polishing of metals, in pickling and in hot stripping for aluminium and zinc substrates.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used as an acid catalyst in making ethylene and purifying hydrogen peroxide, in the manufacture of chemicals (ethylbenzene, propylene, cumene), as a bonding agent for refractory bricks, in extracting penicillin and as an analytical agent.
It is used as an anti-oxidant in food, as a flavour additive for sharp taste in food (jellies, preserves) and soft drinks (e.g. Coca-Cola), as a tang (Food Additive 338) and for the manufacture of yeasts and gelatine.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used to manufacture the phosphoric acid electrolyte fuel cell system and it has been used to treat lead poisoning.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), is a chemical compound with the molecular formula H₃PO₃, and it is an important inorganic compound in both laboratory and industrial settings.
It is classified as a diprotic acid, which means it is capable of donating two protons (H⁺ ions) during chemical reactions, making it moderately strong in terms of acidity.
The acid is often depicted structurally as HPO(OH)₂, indicating that it contains two hydroxyl groups (-OH) and one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the phosphorus atom.
This direct P-H bond distinguishes phosphorous acid from its more common relative, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), which contains no such P-H bonds.
In its pure form, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) appears as a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water, producing an acidic aqueous solution.
Its solubility and reactivity make it a valuable compound for various applications.
The acid exists in equilibrium with its conjugate bases, forming ions such as dihydrogen phosphite (H₂PO₃⁻) and hydrogen phosphite (HPO₃²⁻) when dissolved in water.
The phosphorus atom in Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has an oxidation state of +3, which also makes it a mild reducing agent.
This reducing property allows Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) to participate in redox reactions where it donates electrons, a characteristic exploited in both organic and inorganic synthesis.
Melting point: 73 °C
Boiling point: 200 °C
Density: 1.651 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 20℃
Flash point: 200°C
storage temp.: 0-6°C
solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water (Sparingly)
form: Crystals
pka: pK1 1.29; pK2 6.74(at 25℃)
Specific Gravity: 1.651
color: White
PH: pKa1= 1.10, pKa2 = 6.33(25℃)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7346
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a phosphorus oxoacid.
It is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenphosphite.
It is a tautomer of a phosphonic acid.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is an acid containing phosphorous and the chemical formula is H3PO3.
The IUPAC name of phosphorous acid is phosphonic acid.
Although this chemical structure contains three hydrogen atoms, it is a diprotic acid.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) that is capable of releasing two hydrogen ions (protons) to an aqueous medium.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is also called orthophosphorous acid.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is widely used in agriculture, primarily as a precursor to phosphite salts, which serve as fungicides and fertilizers.
These phosphite derivatives play a key role in improving plant resistance to diseases, especially those caused by water molds such as Phytophthora.
Beyond agriculture, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is also utilized in the chemical industry for synthesizing organophosphorus compounds, including phosphonates, which are used in water treatment and as chelating agents.
Additionally, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) acts as a mild reducing agent in several chemical processes, aiding in the conversion of higher oxidation state compounds to their reduced forms.
One of the key differences between Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) lies in their chemical structure and reactivity.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), with its P-H bond, tends to act as a reducing agent, undergoing oxidation to form phosphoric acid in many reactions.
In contrast, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) lacks P-H bonds and does not display reducing properties.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is also less stable compared to phosphoric acid; when heated, it decomposes into phosphoric acid and phosphine gas (PH₃), the latter of which is flammable and toxic.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) can be prepared by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride with water: PCl3 + 3H2O → H3PO4 + 3HCl
Addition of PCl3 should be extremely cautious and slow.
The addition can be carried out safely in the presence of concentrated HCl.
Alternatively, a stream of air containing PCl3 vapor is passed into icecold water and solid crystals of H3PO4 form.
Alternatively, phosphorus acid can be prepared by adding phosphorus trichloride to anhydrous oxalic acid: PCl3 + 3(COOH）2 → H3PO3 + 3CO + 3CO2 + 3HCl
In this reaction, all products except H3PO3 escape as gases leaving the liquid acid.
Dissolution of phosphorus sesquioxide in water also forms phosphorus acid.
When shaken with ice water, phosphorus acid is the only product .
P4O6 + 6H2O → 4H3PO3
However, in hot water part of the phosphorus acid disproportionates to phosphoric acid and phosphorus or phosphine.
This collector was developed recently and was used primarily as specific collector for cassiterite from ores with complex gangue composition.On the basis of the phosphonic acid, Albright and Wilson had developed a range of collectors mainly for flotation of oxidic minerals (i.e. cassiterite, ilmenite and pyrochlore).
Very little is known about the performance of these collectors.
Limited studies conducted with cassiterite and rutile ores showed that some of these collectors produce voluminous froth but were very selective.
Calcium sulfate (gypsum, CaSO4) is a by-product, which is removed as phosphogypsum.
The hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas is streamed into a wet (water) scrubber producing hydrofluoric acid.
In both cases the phosphoric acid solution usually contains 23–33% P2O5 (32–46% H3PO4).
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) may be concentrated to produce commercial- or merchant-grade phosphoric acid, which contains about 54–62% P2O5 (75–85% H3PO4).
Further removal of water yields superphosphoric acid with a P2O5 concentration above 70% (corresponding to nearly 100% H3PO4).
The phosphoric acid from both processes may be further purified by removing compounds of arsenic and other potentially toxic impurities.
To produce food-grade Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), phosphate ore is first reduced with coke in an electric arc furnace, to give elemental phosphorus.
This process is also known as the thermal process or the electric furnace process.
Silica is also added, resulting in the production of calcium silicate slag.
Elemental phosphorus is distilled out of the furnace and burned with air to produce high-purity phosphorus pentoxide, which is dissolved in water to make phosphoric acid.
The thermal process produces Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) with a very high concentration of P2O5 (about 85%) and a low level of impurities.
However, this process is more expensive and energy-intensive than the wet process, which produces phosphoric acid with a lower concentration of P2O5 (about 26-52%) and a higher level of impurities.
The wet process is the most common method of producing phosphoric acid for fertilizer use.
Even in China, where the thermal process is still used quite widely due to relatively cheap coal as opposed to the sulfuric acid, over 7/8 of phosphoric acid is produced with wet process.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) produced from phosphate rock or thermal processes often requires purification.
A common purification methods is liquid-liquid extraction, which involves the separation of phosphoric acids from water and other impurities using organic solvents, such as tributyl phosphate (TBP), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), or n-octanol.
Nanofiltration involves the use of a premodified nanofiltration membrane, which is functionalized by a deposit of a high molecular weight polycationic polymer of polyethyleneimines.
Nanofiltration has been shown to significantly reduce the concentrations of various impurities, including cadmium, aluminum, iron, and rare earth elements.
The laboratory and industrial pilot scale results showed that this process allows the production of food-grade phosphoric acid.
Fractional crystallization can achieve highest purities typically used for semiconductor applications.
Usually a static crystallizer is used.
A static crystallizer uses vertical plates, which are suspended in the molten feed and which are alternatingly cooled and heated by a heat transfer medium.
The process begins with the slow cooling of the heat transfer medium below the freezing point of the stagnant melt.
This cooling causes a layer of crystals to grow on the plates.
Impurities are rejected from the growing crystals and are concentrated in the remaining melt.
After the desired fraction has been crystallized, the remaining melt is drained from the crystallizer.
The purer crystalline layer remains adhered to the plates.
In a subsequent step, the plates are heated again to liquify the crystals and the purified phosphoric acid drained into the product vessel.
The crystallizer is filled with feed again and the next cooling cycle is started.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is commercially available as aqueous solutions of various concentrations, not usually exceeding 85%.
As the concentration is increased higher acids are formed, culminating in the formation of polyphosphoric acids.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is not possible to fully dehydrate phosphoric acid to phosphorus pentoxide, instead the Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) becomes increasingly polymeric and viscous.
Due to the self-condensation, pure orthophosphoric acid can only be obtained by a careful fractional freezing/melting process.
A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen.
In inorganic chemistry, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a phosphorus oxoacid with a formula of H3PO3, more commonly known as phosphorous acid.
It exists in solution as two tautomers, the major one being HP(O)(OH)2 and the minor one P(OH)3.
The former is sometimes termed Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), with the latter designated as phosphorous acid.
Sometimes confusingly, both these names are also used to refer to H3PO3 in general, i.e. both tautomers.
In organic chemistry, a Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a compound with the general formula RP(O)(OH)2.
An example of an organic phosphonic acid is Foscarnet.
An oligophosphonic acid refers to a few molecules of phosphonic acid condensed into a molecule with the loss of water.
A general formula for such oligophosphonic acids is (HPO)nOn-1(OH)2, where n = 2, 3, 4, etc., oligo-.
A Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) can have dozens of such phosphonic acid units condensed in a row with the loss of H2O for each unit added on.
An example that incorporates triphosphonic acid: ethane-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid[1].
In some phosphonic anhydrides (RPO2)3, R can be tBu, 2-methylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl.
Uses:
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used to produce the fertilizer phosphate salt like potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite and calcium phosphite.
It is actively involved in the preparation of phosphites like aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic Acid (PBTC), which find application in water treatment as a scale or corrosive inhibitor.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is also used in chemical reactions as a reducing agent.
Its salt, lead phosphite is used as PVC stabilizer.
It is also used as a precursor in the preparation of phosphine and as an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) may be used as one of the reaction components for the synthesis of the following: α-aminomethylphosphonic acids via Mannich-Type Multicomponent Reaction.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid)s via amidoalkylation followed by hydrolysis.
N-protected Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid)s (phospho-isosteres of natural amino acids) via amidoalkylation reaction.
The most important use of phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is the production of basic lead phosphite, which is a stabilizer in PVC and related chlorinated polymers.
It is used in the production of basic lead phosphonate PVC stabilizer, aminomethylene phosphonic acid and hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid.
It is also used as a strong reducing agent and in the production of synthetic fibres, organophosphorus pesticides, and the highly efficient water treatment agent ATMP.
Ferrous materials, including steel, may be somewhat protected by promoting oxidation ("rust") and then converting the oxidation to a metalophosphate by using phosphoric acid and further protected by surface coating.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the following products: fertilisers, pH regulators and water treatment products, lubricants and greases and photo-chemicals.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Other release to the environment of Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the following products: fertilisers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), lubricants and greases, plant protection products, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products and photo-chemicals.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, lubricants and greases and photo-chemicals.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Food-grade phosphoric acid (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas and jams, providing a tangy or sour taste.
The phosphoric acid also serves as a preservative.
Soft drinks containing phosphoric acid, which would include Coca-Cola, are sometimes called phosphate sodas or phosphates.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) in soft drinks has the potential to cause dental erosion.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) also has the potential to contribute to the formation of kidney stones, especially in those who have had kidney stones previously.
It is used as a precursor to phosphite salts, which are employed in fungicides and fertilizers.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds, including phosphonates.
It is a mild reducing agent in organic and inorganic chemistry.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used as a precursor for phosphite salts, such as potassium phosphite and calcium phosphite.
These salts are widely applied as fungicides to protect crops from fungal-like pathogens, particularly those caused by water molds like Phytophthora and Pythium.
Phosphites derived from phosphorous acid are also used as fertilizers due to their high solubility and ability to improve plant health.
They enhance the plant's resistance to diseases and stress, making them valuable for sustainable agricultural practices.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a key starting material for manufacturing organophosphorus compounds, including phosphonates.
These compounds are used in various applications such as:
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid)s act as scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors in water treatment systems.
They are included in detergents to prevent mineral scale formation during washing.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid)s are used to bind metal ions in industrial and laboratory processes.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) acts as a mild reducing agent in both organic and inorganic chemical reactions.
It can reduce compounds such as silver nitrate (AgNO₃) to metallic silver or transform quinones to hydroquinones.
Its reducing properties make it a useful reagent in laboratory settings and industrial processes.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) and its derivatives are utilized in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates.
Its role in creating phosphonate-based drugs has been explored in treatments for osteoporosis, cancer, and other conditions.
In electroplating, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used as a reducing agent to deposit metal coatings, enhancing the durability and resistance of the surface.
It is also employed in the treatment of metals to inhibit oxidation and improve surface properties.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the production of textile and paper dyes.
It serves as a stabilizer and reducing agent during the dyeing process, ensuring consistent and vibrant colors.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used as a stabilizer in the manufacture of plastics, especially in processes where thermal stability is critical.
It helps prevent discoloration and degradation during polymer processing.
In research, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed as a reagent to study redox reactions and the synthesis of phosphonate compounds.
It is also used in analytical chemistry to determine the presence of specific ions through reduction reactions.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) decomposes into phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and phosphine gas (PH₃) under heating.
This property is leveraged in certain controlled decomposition processes for chemical synthesis.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) derivatives are sometimes used in environmental applications to control the growth of algae and other microorganisms in water systems, as they can act as biocidal agents in some formulations.
Safety Profile:
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) moderately toxic by ingestion.
When heated to decomposition at 200℃ it emits toxic fumes of POx and phosphme whch may ignite
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is not a strong acid.
However, at moderate concentrations phosphoric acid solutions are irritating to the skin.
Contact with concentrated solutions can cause severe skin burns and permanent eye damage.
A link has been shown between long-term regular cola intake and osteoporosis in later middle age in women (but not men).
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes.
Direct exposure may lead to redness, pain, and permanent tissue damage.
Inhaling Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) dust or fumes can irritate the respiratory system, causing coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation.
Prolonged exposure may lead to more severe respiratory issues.
If ingested, it can cause burns to the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract.
Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, internal bleeding.
Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to sensitization of the skin and respiratory system, increasing susceptibility to irritants over time.
