PLURIOL A 520 PE

Pluriol A 520 PE is a polymer which is hydrolyzed by ethylene oxide. 
Pluriol A 520 PE has no toxicity and irritation. 
Pluriol A 520 PE is widely used in various pharmaceutical preparations. 

CAS Number: 25322-68-3
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)nH2O
EINECS Number: 500-038-2

Synonyms: 1,2-ethanediol,homopolymer, 2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-Poly(oxy-1, Alcox E 160, Alcox E 30, alcoxe30, Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 600,000, Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 200,000, Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 900,000

Pluriol A 520 PE describes polyethylene glycol as being an addition polymer of ethylene oxide and water. 
Pluriol A 520 PE grades 200–600 are liquids; grades 1000 and above are solids at ambient temperatures.
They are miscible with water, alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatic solvents, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, but immiscible with alkanes, paraffins, waxes, and ethers.

The toxicity of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol is relatively large. 
In general, the toxicity of diols is very low. 
Topical application of polyethylene glycol, especially mucosal drug, can cause irritant pain. 

In topical lotion, Pluriol A 520 PE can increase the flexibility of the skin, and has a similar moisturizing effect with glycerin. 
Diarrhoea can occur in large doses of oral administration. 
In injection, the maximum polyethylene glycol 300 concentration is about 30% (V/V). 

Hemolysis could occur when the concentration is more than 40% (V/V).
Polyethylene glycols are a family of linear polymers formed by a base-catalyzed condensation reaction with repeating ethylene oxide units being added to ethylene. 
The molecular formula is (C2H4O)multH2O where mult denotes the average number of oxyethylene groups. 

The molecular weight can range from 200 to several million corresponding to the number of oxyethylene groups. 
The higher-molecular-weight materials (100 000 to 5 000 000) are also referred to as polyethylene oxides. 
The average molecular weight of any specific polyethylene glycol product falls within quite narrow limits (°5%).

The number of ethylene oxide units or their approximate molecular weight (e.g., PEG-4 or PEG-200) commonly designates the nomenclature of specific polyethylene glycols. 
Pluriol A 520 PEs with amolecular weight less than 600 are liquid, whereas those of molecular weight 1000 and above are solid. 
These materials are nonvolatile, water-soluble, tasteless, and odorless. 

Liquid grades (PEG 200–600) occur as clear, colorless or slightly yellow-colored, viscous liquids. 
They have a slight but characteristic odor and a bitter, slightly burning taste. PEG 600 can occur as a solid at ambient temperatures.
Solid grades (PEG>1000) are white or off-white in color, and range in consistency from pastes to waxy flakes. 

They have a faint, sweet odor. Grades of PEG 6000 and above are available as freeflowing milled powders.
Pluriol A 520 PE is a synthetic polyalkylene glycol copolymer designed for use in industrial formulations and chemical processing.
It belongs to the class of nonionic surfactants that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in their molecular structure.

This combination gives it the ability to interact with both water-based and oil-based systems effectively.
It appears as a clear, colorless, and slightly viscous liquid at room temperature.
The compound has good solubility in water, alcohols, and aromatic solvents but limited solubility in nonpolar hydrocarbons or mineral oils.

Because of its chemical balance, it provides excellent emulsifying, dispersing, and wetting properties in a wide range of applications.
Pluriol A 520 PE is commonly used as a dispersing agent and flow modifier in paints, coatings, and construction materials.
It improves pigment distribution, enhances coating smoothness, and prevents sedimentation in stored products.

In construction formulations, it acts as a plasticizer or water-reducing additive to increase workability and reduce cracking.
In textile and leather processing, Pluriol A 520 PE functions as a wetting and lubricating agent.
It helps fibers absorb dyes more evenly and improves the softness and finish of fabrics.

Its nonionic nature makes it stable in both acidic and alkaline conditions, ensuring consistent performance during processing.
Pluriol A 520 PE is also used in industrial cleaning and metal treatment formulations due to its controlled foaming and solubility properties.
It aids in the removal of oils, greases, and particulates without leaving residues.

This makes it valuable in degreasing baths, surface coatings, and precision cleaning solutions.
In the chemical and polymer industries, Pluriol A 520 PE serves as a solubilizer, lubricant, and rheology modifier.
It improves the texture and flow characteristics of complex mixtures, making them easier to process.

Pluriol A 520 PE also provides anti-static and surface-conditioning benefits in polymer production and additives.
The product’s balanced molecular weight and moderate viscosity make it easy to handle and blend with other formulation components.
It offers excellent compatibility with surfactants, resins, and dispersing agents used in industrial systems.

This ensures formulation stability and consistent performance across temperature variations.
In coating and finishing applications, Pluriol A 520 PE enhances the leveling and smoothness of painted or coated surfaces.
It reduces defects such as brush marks, foaming, or uneven gloss.

The result is a durable, uniform, and aesthetically pleasing surface finish.
Its nonionic character means it does not contribute to electrical conductivity, making it suitable for systems requiring low ion content.
This property is particularly valuable in electronic coatings, lubricants, and precision manufacturing environments.

It can also be used in combination with other polymeric additives to enhance their performance.
In environmental and process terms, Pluriol A 520 PE is considered readily biodegradable and low in toxicity.
It does not accumulate significantly in biological systems and poses minimal ecological risk when used properly.

For industrial use, however, it should still be handled with protective equipment and standard safety procedures.
The chemical reactivity of polyethylene glycols is mainly confined to the two terminal hydroxyl groups, which can be either esterified or etherified. 
However, all grades can exhibit some oxidizing activity owing to the presence of peroxide impurities and secondary products formed by autoxidation.

Liquid and solid polyethylene glycol grades may be incompatible with some coloring agents.
The antibacterial activity of certain antibiotics is reduced in polyethylene glycol bases, particularly that of penicillin and bacitracin. 
The preservative efficacy of the parabens may also be impaired owing to binding with polyethylene glycols.

Melting point: 64-66 °C
Boiling point: >250°C
Tg: -67
Density: 1.27 g/mL at 25 °C
bulk density: 400-500kg/m3
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.469
Flash point: 270 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: waxy solid
color: White to very pale yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.128
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Viscosity: 1,650-3,850cp (1% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 11cs (99C)
Viscosity: 4.5cs (99C)
Viscosity: 5,500-8,000cp (1% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 6cs (99C)
Viscosity: 7.4cs (99C)
Viscosity: 750cp (5% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 75cp (5% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 8,000cs (99C)
Viscosity: 8,800-17,600cp (5% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 93cs (99C)
biological source: synthetic (organic)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.6
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.3
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7568
α-end: hydroxyl
Ω-end: hydroxyl
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -0.698 at 25℃
Surface tension: 43.5mN/m at 20°C

Pluriol A 520 PEs are formed by the reaction of ethylene oxide and water under pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
Unlike the low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s, the high molecular weight polymers are tough and extensible. 
They are highly crystalline, with a melting point of 66??C. 

Unlike most water-soluble polymers, the high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s may be melt processed; they may be injection moulded, extruded and calendered without difficulty.
Pluriol A 520 PEs are soluble in an unusually broad range of solvents, which includes water; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and methylene dichloride; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol. 
There is an upper temperature limit of solubility in water for the high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s; this varies with concentration and molecular weight but is usually between 90 and 100??C. 

Water-solubility is due to the ability of the polyether to form hydrogen bonds with water; these bonds are broken when the temperature is raised, restoring the anhydrous polymer which is precipated from the solution.
High molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s find use as water-soluble packaging films and capsules for such products as laundry powders, colour concentrates, tablets and seeds. 
In solution, the polymers are used as thickeners in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, textile sizes and latex stabilizers.

Any of several condensa-tion polymers of ethylene glycol with thegeneral formula HOCH2(CH2OCH2)nCH2OH orH(OCH2CH2)nOH. 
Average molecular weightsrange from 200 to 6000. 
Properties vary with molec-ular weight.

The ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide is readily effected by a variety of ionic reagents and several types of polymer have been prepared. 
For commercial purposes, poly(ethylene oxide)s of low molecular weight and of very high molecular weight are of interest.
Poly(ethylene oxide)s of low molecular weight, i.e. below about 3000, are generally prepared by passing ethylene oxide into ethylene glycol at 120-150??C and about 0.3 MPa (3 atmospheres) pressure, using an alkaline initiator such as sodium hydroxide. 

The polymers produced by these methods are thus terminated mainly by hydroxy groups (a few unsaturated end-groups are also formed) and are often referred to as poly(ethylene glycol)s. 
Poly(ethylene glycol)s with molecular weights in the range 200-600 are viscous liquids which find use as surfactants in inks and paints and as humectants. 
At molecular weights above about 600, poly(ethylene glycol)s are low-melting waxy solids, uses of which include pharmaceutical and cosmetic bases, lubricants and mould release agents.

It may be noted that homogeneous cationic polymerization of ethylene oxide also generally leads to low molecular weight products; typical initiators include aluminium chloride, boron trifluoride and titanium tetrachloride. Systems of this type are not utilized on a commercial scale.
Poly(ethylene oxide)s of molecular weight ranging from about 100000 to 5 x 106 and above are available. 
Details of the techniques used to manufacture these polymers have not been disclosed, but the essential feature is the use of (generally) heterogeneous initiator systems. 

Effective initiators are mainly of two types, namely alkaline earth compounds (e.g. carbonates and oxides of calcium, barium and strontium) and organometallic compounds (e.g. aluminium and zinc alkyls and alkoxides, commonly with added coinitiators).
The precise modes of action of these initiators have not, as yet, been fully resolved. 
However, it is now generally thought that polymerization occurs through a co-ordinated anionic mechanism, in which the ethylene oxide is coordinated to the initiator through an unshared electron pair on the oxirane oxygen atom.

Storage Of Pluriol A 520 PE:
Pluriol A 520 PEs are chemically stable in air and in solution, although grades with a molecular weight less than 2000 are hygroscopic. 
Pluriol A 520 PE do not support microbial growth, and they do not become rancid.
Polyethylene glycols and aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions can be sterilized by autoclaving, filtration, or gamma irradiation.

Sterilization of solid grades by dry heat at 150℃ for 1 hour may induce oxidation, darkening, and the formation of acidic degradation products. 
Ideally, sterilization should be carried out in an inert atmosphere. 
Oxidation of polyethylene glycols may also be inhibited by the inclusion of a suitable antioxidant.

If heated tanks are used to maintain normally solid polyethylene glycols in a molten state, care must be taken to avoid contamination with iron, which can lead to discoloration. 
The temperature must be kept to the minimum necessary to ensure fluidity; oxidation may occur if polyethylene glycols are exposed for long periods to temperatures exceeding 50℃.
 
However, storage under nitrogen reduces the possibility of oxidation.
Pluriol A 520 PEs should be stored in well-closed containers in a cool, dry place. Stainless steel, aluminum, glass, or lined steel containers are preferred for the storage of liquid grades.

Uses Of Pluriol A 520 PE:
Pluriol A 520 PE is also known as polyoxirane (PEO). 
It is a linear polyether obtained by ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide. 
The viscosity of polyethylene glycol solution is sensitive to the shear rate and it is not easy for bacteria to grow on polyethylene glycol.

Pluriol A 520 PE the condensation polymer of ethylene oxide and water. 
Pluriol A 520 PE is a cream matrix for preparing water-soluble drugs. 
Pluriol A 520 PE can also be used as a solvent for acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine, which is difficult to dissolve in water.

Drug sustained-release and immobilized enzyme carrier. 
The polyethylene glycol solution is applied to the outer layer of the pill to control the diffusion of drugs in the pill so as to improve the efficacy.
Surface modification of medical polymer materials. 

The biocompatibility of medical polymer materials in contact with blood can be improved by adsorption, interception and grafting of two amphiphilic copolymers containing polyethylene glycol on the surface of medical polymers.
Pluriol A 520 PE can make the membrane of the alkanol contraceptive pill.
It can make hydrophilic anticoagulant polyurethane.

Pluriol A 520 PE is an osmotic laxative. 
It can increase osmotic pressure and absorb moisture in the intestinal cavity, which makes the stool soften and increase in volume, resulting in bowel movement and defecation.
Pluriol A 520 PE and gelatinous nature can be used as a component of denture fixer.

Pluriol A 520 PE are commonly used to promote cell fusion or protoplast fusion and help organisms (such as yeasts) to take DNA in transformation. 
PEG absorbs water from the solution, so it is also used to concentrate the solution.
Pluriol A 520 PE molecules of approximately 2000 monomers. 

Pluriol A 520 PE is used in various applications from industrial chemistry to biological chemistry. 
Recent research has shown PEG m aintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals. 
In rats, it has been shown to aid in the repair of severed sciatic axons, helping with nerve damage recovery. 

Pluriol A 520 PE is industrially produced as a lubricating substance for various surfaces to reduce friction. 
Pluriol A 520 PE is also used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems in with application towards diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods.
Pluriol A 520 PE are widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, including parenteral, topical, ophthalmic, oral, and rectal preparations. 

Pluriol A 520 PE has been used experimentally in biodegradable polymeric matrices used in controlled-release systems.
Pluriol A 520 PEs are stable, hydrophilic substances that are essentially nonirritant to the skin; They do not readily penetrate the skin, although the polyethylene glycols are water-soluble and are easily removed from the skin by washing, making them useful as ointment bases.
Solid grades are generally employed in topical ointments, with the consistency of the base being adjusted by the addition of liquid grades of polyethylene glycol.

Mixtures of polyethylene glycols can be used as suppository bases,for which they have many advantages over fats. 
For example, the melting point of the suppository can be made higher to withstand exposure to warmer climates; release of the drug is not dependent upon melting point; the physical stability on storage is better; and suppositories are readily miscible with rectal fluids. 
Pluriol A 520 PE have the following disadvantages: they are chemically more reactive than fats; greater care is needed in processing to avoid inelegant contraction holes in the suppositories; the rate of release of water-soluble medications decreases with the increasing molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol; and polyethylene glycols tend to be more irritating to mucous membranes than fats.

Aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions can be used either as suspending agents or to adjust the viscosity and consistency of other suspending vehicles. 
When used in conjunction with other emulsifiers, polyethylene glycols can act as emulsion stabilizers. Liquid polyethylene glycols are used as water-miscible solvents for the contents of soft gelatin capsules. 
However, they may cause hardening of the capsule shell by preferential absorption of moisture from gelatin in the shell.

In concentrations up to approximately 30% v/v, PEG 300 and PEG 400 have been used as the vehicle for parenteral dosage forms. 
In solid-dosage formulations, higher-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols can enhance the effectiveness of tablet binders and impart plasticity to granules.
However, they have only limited binding action when used alone, and can prolong disintegration if present in concentrations greater than 5% w/w. 

When used for thermoplastic granulations, a mixture of the powdered constituents with 10–15% w/w PEG 6000 is heated to 70–75°C. 
The mass becomes paste like and forms granules if stirred while cooling. 
This technique is useful for the preparation of dosage forms such as lozenges when prolonged disintegration is required. 

Polyethylene glycols can also be used to enhance the aqueous solubility or dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble compounds by making solid dispersions with an appropriate polyethylene glycol.
Animal studies have also been performed using polyethylene glycols as solvents for steroids in osmotic pumps. 
In film coatings, solid grades of polyethylene glycol can be used alone for the film-coating of tablets or can be useful as hydrophilic polishing materials. 

Solid grades are also widely used as plasticizers in conjunction with film-forming polymers.
The presence of polyethylene glycols in film coats, especially of liquid grades, tends to increase their water permeability and may reduce protection against low pH in enteric-coating films. 
Pluriol A 520 PE are useful as plasticizers in microencapsulated products to avoid rupture of the coating film when the microcapsules are compressed into tablets.

Pluriol A 520 PE grades with molecular weights of 6000 and above can be used as lubricants, particularly for soluble tablets. 
The lubricant action is not as good as that of magnesium stearate, and stickiness may develop if the material becomes too warm during compression. 
An antiadherent effect is also exerted, again subject to the avoidance of overheating.

Pluriol A 520 PEs have been used in the preparation of urethane hydrogels, which are used as controlled-release agents. 
Pluriol A 520 PE has also been used in insulin-loaded microparticles for the oral delivery of insulin;it has been used in inhalation preparations to improve aerosolization; polyethylene glycol nanoparticles have been used to improve the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine; it has been used in self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles as a drug carrier; and copolymer networks of polyethylene glycol grafted with poly(methacrylic acid) have been used as bioadhesive controlled drug delivery formulations.

Pluriol A 520 PE is used as a multi-purpose surfactant and stabilizer in industrial chemical systems.
It acts as both a dispersant and emulsifier, ensuring that water-based and oil-based ingredients mix uniformly.
This makes it ideal for applications where smooth blending and product consistency are essential.

It is used in emulsion systems where water and oil phases must stay stable over time.
Its molecular structure allows it to prevent separation or creaming in liquid formulations.
This property is particularly beneficial for paints, coatings, and polymer emulsions.

In paints and coatings, Pluriol A 520 PE functions as a dispersing and flow control agent.
It evenly distributes pigments, prevents clumping, and enhances the smoothness of the final film.
This improves both the appearance and durability of the coated surface.

In construction materials, it acts as a plasticizer and water reducer.
By improving flow and reducing water demand, it enhances the workability of cement, mortar, and concrete.
This results in stronger and more uniform building materials.

In textile and leather processing, Pluriol A 520 PE serves as a wetting, softening, and anti-static agent.
It improves dye penetration and ensures even coloration across fibers.
It also imparts softness, flexibility, and smooth texture to fabrics and leather products.

In metal treatment and industrial cleaning, it is used as a low-foaming surfactant and lubricant.
It helps remove oils, oxides, and residues from metal surfaces while providing mild corrosion protection.
This makes it effective for precision cleaning, degreasing, and electroplating applications.

In polymer processing, Pluriol A 520 PE functions as a lubricant and processing aid.
It improves melt flow, reduces friction, and prevents sticking during molding or extrusion.

In agrochemical formulations, it acts as an emulsifier and solubilizer for concentrated pesticides and herbicides.
It ensures that active ingredients dissolve evenly in the final spray solution.
This enhances distribution, stability, and effectiveness of agricultural products.

Its nonionic nature allows it to be used in almost any type of surfactant system.
It is compatible with cationic, anionic, and amphoteric components, offering flexibility to formulators.
This makes it ideal for multi-phase chemical and cosmetic formulations that require stability.

Pluriol A 520 PE is used for foam control and defoaming in systems where excess foam interferes with operations.
It stabilizes liquid surfaces while preventing unwanted foaming during high-speed processing.
This property is valuable in industrial washing, paper manufacturing, and recirculating systems.

In metalworking fluids and lubricants, it provides excellent lubricity and cooling balance.
It helps form a stable lubricating film that minimizes friction and wear between metal parts.

Polyethylene Glycol is a binder, coating agent, dispersing agent, flavoring adjuvant, and plasticizing agent that is a clear, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid resembling paraffin (white, waxy, or flakes), with a ph of 4.0–7.5 in 1:20 concentration. 
Pluriol A 520 PE is soluble in water (mw 1,000) and many organic solvents.
Pluriol A 520 PE is a binder, solvent, plasticizing agent, and softener widely used for cosmetic cream bases and pharmaceutical ointments. 

Pluriol A 520 PE are quite humectant up to a molecular weight of 500, beyond this weight, their water uptake diminishes.
Pluriol A 520 PE is used in conjunction with carbon black to form a conductive composite.1 Polymer nanospheres of poly(ethylene glycol) were used for drug delivery.
A polymer used to precipitate proteins, viruses, DNA and RNA

Safety Profile Of Pluriol A 520 PE:
Pluriol A 520 PEs are widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations. 
Generally, they are regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials.
Adverse reactions to polyethylene glycols have been reported, the greatest toxicity being with glycols of low molecular weight. However, the toxicity of glycols is relatively low.

Pluriol A 520 PE administered topically may cause stinging, especially when applied to mucous membranes. Hypersensitivity reactions to polyethylene glycols applied topically have also been reported, including urticaria and delayed allergic reactions.
The most serious adverse effects associated with polyethylene glycols are hyperosmolarity, metabolic acidosis, and renal failure following the topical use of polyethylene glycols in burn patients. 
Topical preparations containing polyethylene glycols should therefore be used cautiously in patients with renal failure, extensive burns, or open wounds.

Oral administration of large quantities of polyethylene glycols can have a laxative effect. 
Therapeutically, up to 4 L of an aqueous mixture of electrolytes and high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol is consumed by patients undergoing bowel cleansing.
Liquid polyethylene glycols may be absorbed when taken orally, but the higher-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols are not significantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. 

Absorbed polyethylene glycol is excreted largely unchanged in the urine, although polyethylene glycols of low molecular weight may be partially metabolized.
The WHO has set an estimated acceptable daily intake of polyethylene glycols at up to 10 mg/kg body-weight.
In parenteral products, the maximum recommended concentration of Pluriol A 520 PE is approximately 30% v/v as hemolytic effects have been observed at concentrations greater than about 40% v/v.