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Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is also available as a bowel prep for colonoscopy procedures and as a laxative.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used for such diverse purposes as viral / phage enrichment, plant protoplast fusion, or fractionated protein precipitation.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a polymer which is hydrolyzed by ethylene oxide.
CAS Number: 25322-68-3
EINECS Number: 500-038-2
Synonyms: Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000, H57W405143, MACROGOL 10000, PEG 10000, PEG-220, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (220), POLYGLYKOL 10000,POLYOXYETHYLENE (220), Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000, PEG 6000, 30IQX730WE, PEG-150, UNIPEG 6000X, PEG-120, PEG-135, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 (II), Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 (USP-RS) 1,2-ethanediol,homopolymer;2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-Poly(oxy-1;Alcox E 160;Alcox E 30;alcoxe30;Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 600,000;Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 200,000;Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 900,000
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 indicates the average molecular weight of the specific PEG at 400.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a laxative available over-the-counter by the name of Miralax.
In this case, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is considered an "active" ingredient, even though systemic absorption is less than 0.5%.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can make the membrane of the alkanol contraceptive pill.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 has low toxicity with systemic absorption less than 0.5%.
PEGylation occurs when Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s are attached to various protein medications, allowing for greater solubility for certain drugs.
Examples of PEGylated medications include Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000-interferon alpha (Pegintron) and PEG-filgrastim (Neulasta).
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is relatively biodegradable and is broken down by microorganisms in the environment.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 has low ecotoxicity, but large-scale releases should be avoided to prevent potential impacts on aquatic life.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is approved by the FDA for use in pharmaceuticals and certain food products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 complies with REACH regulations for chemical substances in Europe.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can make hydrophilic anticoagulant polyurethane.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is an osmotic laxative.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can increase osmotic pressure and absorb moisture in the intestinal cavity, which makes the stool soften and increase in volume, resulting in bowel movement and defecation.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 nontoxic and gelatinous nature can be used as a component of denture fixer.
PEG 4000 and Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 are commonly used to promote cell fusion or protoplast fusion and help organisms (such as yeasts) to take DNA in transformation.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 absorbs water from the solution, so it is also used to concentrate the solution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a synthetic, hydrophilic, biocompatible polymer that has a wide range of uses in PEGylation, surface conjugation, nanoparticle coating, and crosslinking for hydrogels, etc.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 are made by polymerizing ethylene oxide via a ring-opening reaction to produce a wide range of molecular weights and molecular weight distributions (polydispersity).
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s are a family of linear polymers formed by a base-catalyzed condensation reaction with repeating ethylene oxide units being added to ethylene.
The molecular formula is (C2H4O)multH2O where mult denotes the average number of oxyethylene groups.
The molecular weight can range from 200 to several million corresponding to the number of oxyethylene groups.
The higher-molecular-weight materials (100 000 to 5 000 000) are also referred to as polyethylene oxides.
The average molecular weight of any specific polyethylene glycol product falls within quite narrow limits (°5%).
The number of ethylene oxide units or their approximate molecular weight (e.g., PEG-4 or PEG-200) commonly designates the nomenclature of specific polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s with amolecular weight less than 600 are liquid, whereas those of molecular weight 1000 and above are solid.
These materials are nonvolatile, water-soluble, tasteless, and odorless.
They are miscible with water, alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatic solvents, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, but immiscible with alkanes, paraffins, waxes, and ethers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 was obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide in an autoclave at 80-100°C using as a catalyst dipotassium alcogolate of polyethylene glycol 400.
Dipotassium alcogolate of Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 was synthesized by a heating of the dry mixture of pPoly(ethylene glycol) 10000 and potassium hydroxide.
The molecular weight of polymer was regulated by the ratio of monomer:catalyst.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s are widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, including parenteral, topical, ophthalmic, oral, and rectal preparations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 has been used experimentally in biodegradable polymeric matrices used in controlled-release systems.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s are stable, hydrophilic substances that are essentially nonirritant to the skin;They do not readily penetrate the skin, although the polyethylene glycols are water-soluble and are easily removed from the skin by washing, making them useful as ointment bases.
Solid grades are generally employed in topical ointments, with the consistency of the base being adjusted by the addition of liquid grades of polyethylene glycol.
Mixtures of Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can be used as suppository bases,for which they have many advantages over fats.
For example, the melting point of the suppository can be made higher to withstand exposure to warmer climates; release of the drug is not dependent upon melting point; the physical stability on storage is better; and suppositories are readily miscible with rectal fluids.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 have the following disadvantages: they are chemically more reactive than fats; greater care is needed in processing to avoid inelegant contraction holes in the suppositories; the rate of release of water-soluble medications decreases with the increasing molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol; and polyethylene glycols tend to be more irritating to mucous membranes than fats.
Aqueous Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 solutions can be used either as suspending agents or to adjust the viscosity and consistency of other suspending vehicles.
When used in conjunction with other emulsifiers, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can act as emulsion stabilizers.
Liquid Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 are used as water-miscible solvents for the contents of soft gelatin capsules.
However, they may cause hardening of the capsule shell by preferential absorption of moisture from gelatin in the shell.
In concentrations up to approximately 30% v/v, PEG 300 and Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 have been used as the vehicle for parenteral dosage forms.
In solid-dosage formulations, higher-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols can enhance the effectiveness of tablet binders and impart plasticity to granules.
However, they have only limited binding action when used alone, and can prolong disintegration if present in concentrations greater than 5% w/w.
When used for thermoplastic granulations, a mixture of the powdered constituents with 10–15% w/w Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is heated to 70–75°C.
The mass becomes pastelike and forms granules if stirred while cooling.
This technique is useful for the preparation of dosage forms such as lozenges when prolonged disintegration is required.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can also be used to enhance the aqueous solubility or dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble compounds by making solid dispersions with an appropriate polyethylene glycol.
Animal studies have also been performed using polyethylene glycols as solvents for steroids in osmotic pumps.
In film coatings, solid grades of polyethylene glycol can be used alone for the film-coating of tablets or can be useful as hydrophilic polishing materials.
Solid grades are also widely used as plasticizers in conjunction with film-forming polymers.
The presence of polyethylene glycols in film coats, especially of liquid grades, tends to increase their water permeability and may reduce protection against low pH in enteric-coating films.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s are useful as plasticizers in microencapsulated products to avoid rupture of the coating film when the microcapsules are compressed into tablets.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 grades with molecular weights of 6000 and above can be used as lubricants, particularly for soluble tablets.
The lubricant action is not as good as that of magnesium stearate, and stickiness may develop if the material becomes too warm during compression.
An antiadherent effect is also exerted, again subject to the avoidance of overheating.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s have been used in the preparation of urethane hydrogels, which are used as controlled-release agents.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 has also been used in insulin-loaded microparticles for the oral delivery of insulin;it has been used in inhalation preparations to improve aerosolization;polyethylene glycol nanoparticles have been used to improve the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine;it has been used in self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles as a drug carrier;and copolymer networks of polyethylene glycol grafted with poly(methacrylic acid) have been used as bioadhesive controlled drug delivery formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the modification of therapeutic proteins and peptides to enhance its solubility.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is also used in the fabrication of bioactive and immuno isolating barriers for encapsulation of cells.
In Gas chromatorgraphy, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a polar stationary phase.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as mold release agent and lubricant in fabricating elastomers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a polymer of ethylene oxide and water, commonly known for its various industrial, pharmaceutical, and commercial applications.
The chemical reactivity of Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is mainly confined to the two terminal hydroxyl groups, which can be either esterified or etherified.
However, all grades can exhibit some oxidizing activity owing to the presence of peroxide impurities and secondary products formed by autoxidation.
Liquid and solid Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 grades may be incompatible with some coloring agents.
The antibacterial activity of certain antibiotics is reduced in Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 bases, particularly that of penicillin and bacitracin.
The preservative efficacy of the parabens may also be impaired owing to binding with polyethylene glycols.
Physical effects caused by Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 bases include softening and liquefaction in mixtures with phenol, tannic acid, and salicylic acid.
Discoloration of sulfonamides and dithranol can also occur, and sorbitol may be precipitated from mixtures.
Plastics, such as Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000, phenolformaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, and cellulose-ester membranes (in filters) may be softened or dissolved by polyethylene glycols.
Migration of Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can occur from tablet film coatings, leading to interaction with core components.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a structure-directing agent to prepare mesoporous γ-Al2O3.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 induced the formation of the lamellate structure morphology of boehmite nanoparticles with improved textural properties such as high surface area, larger pore volume, and pore size.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is also used in drug formulations to enhance the dissolution rate of the poorly water-soluble drug molecule.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can also be used in the purification of nucleic acids via the selective precipitation method.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 could occur when the concentration is more than 40% (V/V).
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is also known as polyoxirane (PEO).
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a linear polyether obtained by ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 has no toxicity and irritation.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is widely used in various pharmaceutical preparations.
The toxicity of low molecular weight Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is relatively large.
In general, the toxicity of diols is very low.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a cream matrix for preparing water-soluble drugs.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can also be used as a solvent for acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine, which is difficult to dissolve in water.
Drug sustained-release and immobilized enzyme carrier.
The polyethylene glycol solution is applied to the outer layer of the pill to control the diffusion of drugs in the pill so as to improve the efficacy.
Surface modification of medical polymer materials.
Topical application of polyethylene glycol, especially mucosal drug, can cause irritant pain.
In topical lotion, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can increase the flexibility of the skin, and has a similar moisturizing effect with glycerin.
Diarrhoea can occur in large doses of oral administration.
In injection, the maximum Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 concentration is about 30% (V/V).
The main uses in the field of biomedicine are as follows:
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 contact lens liquid.
The viscosity of polyethylene glycol solution is sensitive to the shear rate and it is not easy for bacteria to grow on polyethylene glycol.
The condensation polymer of ethylene oxide and water.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a binder and lubricant in tablet formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 acts as a base in ointments and creams due to its solubility and moisture-retaining properties.
Enhances the solubility and bioavailability of drugs, used in various controlled release formulations.
Serves as a humectant and emollient in lotions, creams, and other skincare products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in shampoos and conditioners to improve texture and hydration.
Acts as a dispersing agent to maintain consistency and moisture.
Occasionally used as a food additive for its properties as a thickener, stabilizer, and moisture-retaining agent.
Employed in the formulation of lubricants and greases due to its stable, non-reactive nature.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the manufacture of plastics, helping to control the viscosity and improve the processing of polymers.
Acts as a dispersant in coatings and paints, ensuring even distribution and improved stability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in protein crystallization, precipitation, and as a crowding agent in various biochemical assays.
Aids in the preparation and stabilization of samples for various analytical techniques.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as an active ingredient in over-the-counter laxative solutions due to its ability to retain water and soften stools.
Incorporated in hydrogels and wound dressings for its hydrating and healing-promoting properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a finishing agent to provide softness and smoothness to fabrics.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is generally considered safe and non-toxic, but it should be handled with care to avoid inhalation of dust and contact with eyes.
Melting point: 64-66 °C
Boiling point: >250°C
Tg: -67
Density: 1.27 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.469
Flash point: 270 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: waxy solid
color: White to very pale yellow
Specifi Gravity: 1.128
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Viscosity: 1,650-3,850cp (1% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 11cs (99C)
Viscosity: 4.5cs (99C)
Viscosity: 5,500-8,000cp (1% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 6cs (99C)
Viscosity: 7.4cs (99C)
Viscosity: 750cp (5% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 75cp (5% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 8,000cs (99C)
Viscosity: 8,800-17,600cp (5% solution @ 25C)
Viscosity: 93cs (99C)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.6
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.3
Merck: 14,7568
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -0.698 at 25℃
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is available commercially as a powder or as a solution in various degrees of polymerization depending on the average molecular weight, e.g. PEG 400 and PEG 800 have average molecular weights of 400 and 800, respectively.
They may be contaminated with aldehydes and peroxides.
Solutions deteriorate in the presence of air due to the formation of these contaminants.
Methods available for purification are as follows: Procedure A: A 40% aqueous solution of PEG 400 (2L, average molecular weight 400) is de-aerated under vacuum and made 10mM in sodium thiosulfate.
After standing for 1hour at 25o, the solution is passed through a column (2.5x20cm) of mixed-bed Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 resin which has a 5cm layer of Dowex 50-H+ at the bottom of the column.
The column was previously flushed with 30% aqueous MeOH, then thoroughly with H2O.
A flow rate of 1mL/minute is maintained by adjusting the fluid head.
The first 200mL are discarded, and the effluent is then collected at an increased flow rate.
The concentration of PEG solution is checked by density measurement, and it is stored (preferably anaerobically) at 15o.
Procedure B: A solution of Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is made 1mM in H2SO4 and stirred overnight at 25o with 10g of treated Dowex 50-H+ (8% crosslinked, 20-50 mesh).
The resin, after settling, is filtered off on a sintered glass funnel.
The filtrate is treated at 25o with 1.5g of NaBH4 (added over a period of 1minute) in a beaker with tight but removable lid through which a propeller-type mechanical stirrer is inserted and continuously flushed with N2.
After 15minutes, 15g of fresh Dowex 50-H+ are added, and the rate of stirring is adjusted to maintain the resin suspended.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 acts as a lubricant to ease the manufacturing process and improve the quality of the tablets.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can also enhance the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs.
Used as a base for suppositories due to its ability to dissolve both water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in matrix systems to control the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, enhancing the drug's therapeutic effect.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used to improve the texture, stability, and hydration properties of creams and lotions.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 helps in maintaining the moisture content of the skin.
Provides conditioning benefits, making hair smoother and easier to comb.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 also helps in retaining moisture in the hair strands.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in bath gels and bubble baths for its thickening properties and ability to produce a smooth, creamy texture.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a coating agent for food packaging materials to improve barrier properties and shelf life.
In certain dietary supplements, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can act as a binder or carrier.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the formulation of adhesives due to its high solubility and ability to provide flexibility.
In textile processing, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 acts as a softening agent, improving the feel and drape of fabrics.
Employed as a plasticizer in the production of thermoplastics and other polymers, enhancing their flexibility and durability.
Used in the precipitation and crystallization of proteins, aiding in the purification process.
Acts as a crowding agent in electrophoresis gels, helping to improve the resolution of protein and nucleic acid separations.
Commonly found in over-the-counter laxative products like Miralax, PEG 6000 helps retain water in the stool, making it easier to pass.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the formulation of hydrogels for wound care and drug delivery systems due to its excellent water-retention capabilities.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is explored for use in advanced drug delivery systems, including nanocarriers and micelles, to improve drug solubility and targeted delivery.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the development of hydrogels for tissue engineering applications, providing a scaffold for cell growth and tissue regeneration.
Incorporated in controlled release formulations of fertilizers, ensuring a steady supply of nutrients to plants over time.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a soil conditioner to improve water retention and soil structure, enhancing plant growth and reducing irrigation needs.
When handling Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000, it's advisable to use appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and dust masks to avoid skin contact and inhalation of dust.
In case of a spill, the area should be cleaned thoroughly to prevent any slip hazards, as Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can be slippery when in contact with water.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is biodegradable and generally breaks down into non-toxic byproducts, making it environmentally friendly.
Approved by regulatory agencies like the FDA and EMA for use in pharmaceuticals, ensuring its safety and efficacy.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 also complies with various international regulations for its use in food, cosmetics, and industrial applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 produced by these methods are thus terminated mainly by hydroxy groups (a few unsaturated end-groups are also formed) and are often referred to as poly(ethylene glycol)s.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 with molecular weights in the range 200-600 are viscous liquids which find use as surfactants in inks and paints and as humectants.
At molecular weights above about 600, poly(ethylene glycol)s are low-melting waxy solids, uses of which include pharmaceutical and cosmetic bases, lubricants and mould release agents.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 produced by these methods are thus terminated mainly by hydroxy groups (a few unsaturated end-groups are also formed) and are often referred to as poly(ethylene glycol)s.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 with molecular weights in the range 200-600 are viscous liquids which find use as surfactants in inks and paints and as humectants.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 may be noted that homogeneous cationic polymerization of ethylene oxide also generally leads to low molecular weight products; typical initiators include aluminium chloride, boron trifluoride and titanium tetrachloride.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s of molecular weight ranging from about 100000 to 5 x 106 and above are available.
Details of the techniques used to manufacture these polymers have not been disclosed, but the essential feature is the use of (generally) heterogeneous initiator systems.
Effective initiators are mainly of two types, namely alkaline earth compounds (e.g. carbonates and oxides of calcium, barium and strontium) and organometallic compounds (e.g. aluminium and zinc alkyls and alkoxides, commonly with added coinitiators).
The precise modes of action of these initiators have not, as yet, been fully resolved.
However, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is now generally thought that polymerization occurs through a co-ordinated anionic mechanism, in which the ethylene oxide is coordinated to the initiator through an unshared electron pair on the oxirane oxygen atom.
Unlike the low molecular weight Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s, the high molecular weight polymers are tough and extensible.
They are highly crystalline, with a melting point of 66??C. Unlike most water-soluble polymers, the high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s may be melt processed; they may be injection moulded, extruded and calendered without difficulty.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s are soluble in an unusually broad range of solvents, which includes water; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and methylene dichloride; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol.
There is an upper temperature limit of solubility in water for the high molecular weight Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s; this varies with concentration and molecular weight but is usually between 90 and 100??C.
Water-solubility is due to the ability of the polyether to form hydrogen bonds with water; these bonds are broken when the temperature is raised, restoring the anhydrous polymer which is precipated from the solution.
High molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s find use as water-soluble packaging films and capsules for such products as laundry powders, colour concentrates, tablets and seeds.
In solution, the polymers are used as thickeners in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, textile sizes and latex stabilizers.
Uses:
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the formulation of vaccines, particularly in stabilizing the vaccine components and improving their shelf life.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 helps in the stabilization and delivery of biologic drugs such as monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic proteins.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000is used in transdermal patches to enhance the permeation of drugs through the skin.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 (the process of attaching PEG molecules to another molecule) is used to improve the stability and solubility of gene therapy vectors.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in cell culture media as a cryoprotectant to protect cells during freezing and thawing processes.
Facilitates the crystallization of proteins for X-ray crystallography studies.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in anti-aging formulations to improve skin hydration and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Enhances the consistency and texture of products like foundations, lipsticks, and eyeliners.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 helps in the even distribution of active ingredients and improves the water resistance of sunscreen products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the production of candies and chocolates to improve texture and shelf life.
Acts as a stabilizer in certain beverages, preventing the separation of ingredients.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used to maintain moisture and improve the softness of baked goods.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a plasticizer in the production of various polymers and plastics, improving their flexibility and durability.
Included in ink formulations for printers to improve flow properties and prevent clogging.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 acts as a processing aid in rubber manufacturing, improving the workability of rubber compounds.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in water treatment processes to improve the efficiency of filtration systems.
Acts as a dispersant in formulations used for oil spill cleanup, aiding in the breakdown and removal of oil from water surfaces.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 helps in the bioremediation of contaminated soils by improving the solubility and availability of nutrients and remediation agents.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in various advanced drug delivery systems, including liposomes and nanoparticles, to improve drug solubility and bioavailability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in hydrogel dressings for wound care, providing a moist environment that promotes healing.
Incorporated in diagnostic reagents and kits to enhance the stability and performance of the tests.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 acts as a carrier and solvent for active ingredients in pesticide formulations, improving their efficacy.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in controlled-release fertilizer formulations to ensure a steady supply of nutrients to plants.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a binder and moisture-retaining agent in animal feed formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a softening agent in the textile industry to improve the feel and drape of fabrics.
Helps in the even distribution of dyes and finishing agents on textiles.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 acts as an antistatic agent in textile processing, reducing static buildup in synthetic fibers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 used in the synthesis of nanoparticles for various applications, including drug delivery and diagnostics.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 incorporated in 3D printing materials to improve print quality and material properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 used in the surface modification of biomedical implants to improve biocompatibility and reduce immune response.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the formulation of flame retardants for textiles, plastics, and other materials, enhancing their resistance to ignition and flame spread.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 included in certain fire suppression systems to improve the effectiveness of the suppression agents.
Polymer nanospheres of Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 were used for drug delivery.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 cts as a binder, lubricant, and coating agent.
Improves dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs.
Serves as a base, providing a consistent and reliable medium for drug delivery.
Helps in the controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients, enhancing therapeutic effects.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a base, improving texture and stability.
Acts as a humectant and emollient, retaining moisture in the skin.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in shampoos and conditioners to improve texture and hydration.
Serves as a dispersing agent, maintaining consistency and moisture.
Enhances the moisture content and overall feel.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as a thickener, stabilizer, and moisture-retaining agent in certain food products.
Improves barrier properties and extends shelf life.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 included in lubricant formulations for its stability and non-reactive nature.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in manufacturing plastics, controlling viscosity, and improving processing.
Acts as a dispersant in coatings and paints.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 enhances flexibility and performance.
Functions as a softening agent for fabrics.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used as an active ingredient in over-the-counter laxatives, helping to retain water in the stool.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 incorporated in hydrogels and wound dressings for hydration and healing.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in the manufacturing of catheters and tubing.
Aids in protein precipitation and crystallization.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 molecules of approximately 2000 monomers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in various applications from industrial chemistry to biological chemistry.
Recent research has shown Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 m aintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals.
In rats, Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 has been shown to aid in the repair of severed sciatic axons, helping with nerve damage recovery.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is industrially produced as a lubricating substance for various surfaces to reduce friction.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is also used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems in with application towards diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a binder, coating agent, dispersing agent, flavoring adjuvant, and plasticizing agent that is a clear, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid resembling paraffin (white, waxy, or flakes), with a ph of 4.0–7.5 in 1:20 concentration.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is soluble in water (mw 1,000) and many organic solvents.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is a binder, solvent, plasticizing agent, and softener widely used for cosmetic cream bases and pharmaceutical ointments.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s are quite humectant up to a molecular weight of 500.
Beyond this weight, their water uptake diminishes.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in conjunction with carbon black to form a conductive composite.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 stabilizes and prepares samples for analysis.
Environmental and Agricultural Applications:
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used to improve water retention and soil structure.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 provides a steady supply of nutrients to plants.
Utilized in air purification systems to remove moisture and pollutants.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 helps disperse fragrances and maintain moisture.
Included in household cleaning products as a solvent and humectant.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in bath gels and bubble baths for thickening and smooth texture.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is used in advanced drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.
Safety Profile:
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000s are widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations.
Generally, they are regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials.
Adverse reactions to Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 have been reported, the greatest toxicity being with glycols of low molecular weight.
However, the toxicity of glycols is relatively low.
Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 administered topically may cause stinging, especially when applied to mucous membranes.
Hypersensitivity reactions to Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 applied topically have also been reported, including urticaria and delayed allergic reactions.
The most serious adverse effects associated with polyethylene glycols are hyperosmolarity, metabolic acidosis, and renal failure following the topical use of polyethylene glycols in burn patients.
Topical preparations containing Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 should therefore be used cautiously in patients with renal failure, extensive burns, or open wounds.
Oral administration of large quantities of Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 can have a laxative effect.
Therapeutically, up to 4 L of an aqueous mixture of electrolytes and high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol is consumed by patients undergoing bowel cleansing.
Liquid Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 may be absorbed when taken orally, but the higher-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols are not significantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Absorbed polyethylene glycol is excreted largely unchanged in the urine, although polyethylene glycols of low molecular weight may be partially metabolized.
The WHO has set an estimated acceptable daily intake of polyethylene glycols at up to 10 mg/kg body-weight.
In parenteral products, the maximum recommended concentration of Poly(ethylene glycol) 10000 is approximately 30% v/v as hemolytic effects have been observed at concentrations greater than about 40% v/v
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
