PRODUCTS

POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE)

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used in the majority of formulations.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is indicated for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis in people aged 12 years of age and older.

CAS Number: 28757-47-3
EC Number: 923-111-4
MDL Number: MFCD00217750
Molecular Formula: C8H19N5
Molecular Weight: 185.27 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, polyhexamethylene biguanide, Baquacil, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 111801, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, SRU, Sanitized T 96-04, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene), polyhexamethylene biguanide, Baquacil, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 111801, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, SRU, Sanitized T 96-04, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene), Baquacil, cosmocil, Lavasept, PHMB polymer, polihexanide, polihexanide hydrochloride, poly(hexamethylene biguanide), poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, polyhexamethylen-biguanide, polyhexamethylenbiguanid, polyhexamethylenbiguanide, polyhexamethylene biguanide, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, polyhexanide, Vantocil, Vantocil IB, Vantocil, Polyhexidine, Polyxedinine, Polyhexanide, Sanitized T 96-04, Hexyl biguanide HCl, OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, sru, Epa pesticide chemical code 111801, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, POLY(IMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOHEXAMETHYLENE), Polihexanide, PHMB, Polyhexanide, 322U039GMF, Polihexanidum, Cosmoquil CQ, Prontoderm, Prontosan, Reputex 20, Trigene, Vantocil 1B, Vantocil TG, Vantosan, Caswell No. 676, Disinfecting Wet Wipe, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 111801, PHMB Disinfectant, PP 073, Polihexanido, Proxel IBCN Reputex 20CN Trigene, DTXSID2035726, Disposable Spray Disinfectant, HBA Anti bacterial Liquid, HBA Sanitary Wipes, HSDB 8471, MICROCARE MBG, PHMB polymer, POLIHEXANIDE (MART.), PURISTA, Polihexanido (INN-Spanish), Polihexanidum (INN-Latin), UNII-4XI6112496, poly(hexamethylene biguanide), polyhexamethylen-biguanide, polyhexamethylenbiguanid, polyhexamethylenbiguanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene), Polyhexamethylene biguanide SRU, Sanitized T 96-04, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Hexamethylenebis(cyanoguanidine)-hexamethylenediamine copolymer SRU, Eyeness, Complete Protec, NB 325, Texguard 20, Cosmocil 100, Polyhexamethylene biguanidine, Complete Protec, Epa pesticide chemical code 111801, Eyeness, Hexamethylenebis(cyanoguanidine)-hexamethylenediamine copolymer SRU, NB 325, OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), POLY(IMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOHEXAMETHYLENE), Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene biguanide sru, Polyhexanide, Polyhexidine, Polyxedinine, Sanitized T 96-04, Texguard 20, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, Baquacil, Cosmocil, Lavasept, Phmb Polymer, Polihexanide, Polihexanide Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylene Biguanide), Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hydrochloride, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) Hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylen-biguanide, Polyhexamethylenbiguanid, Polyhexamethylenbiguanide, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride, Vantocil, Vantocil Ib Of Vantocil, Polyhexanide, Polyxedinine, Polyhexidine, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE, POLY(IMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOHEXAMETHYLENE), Epa pesticide chemical code 111801, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, sru, Polyhexidine, Polyxedinine, Polyhexanide, Sanitized T 96-04, Hexyl biguanide HCl, OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE, 1-Hexylbiguanide Hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, sru, Epa pesticide chemical code 111801, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, Polyhexanide, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene), Polyhexamethylene biguanide,SRU, Sanitized T 96-04, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Hexamethylenebis(cyanoguanidine)-hexamethylenediamine copolymer,SRU, Eyeness, Complete Protec, NB 325, Texguard 20, Cosmocil 100
Polyhexanide, Polyxedinine, Polyhexidine, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE, POLY(IMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOHEXAMETHYLENE), Epa pesticide chemical code 111801, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, sru, Polyhexanide, Polyxedinine, Polyhexidine, Sanitized T 96-04, Hexyl biguanide HCl, OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, sru, Epa pesticide chemical code 111801, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, POLY(IMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOHEXAMETHYLENE), Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene), Polyhexamethylene biguanide, SRU, Sanitized T 96-04, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Hexamethylenebis(cyanoguanidine)-hexamethylenediamine copolymer, SRU, Eyeness, Complete Protec, NB 325, Texguard 20, Cosmocil 100, Polyhexamethylene biguanidine, P 3300, Baquacil, cosmocil, Lavasept, PHMB polymer, polihexanide, polihexanide hydrochloride, poly(hexamethylene biguanide), poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, polyhexamethylen-biguanide, polyhexamethylenbiguanid, polyhexamethylenbiguanide, polyhexamethylene biguanide, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, polyhexanide, Vantocil, Vantocil IB of Vantocil, PHMB, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride

Polihexanide, also known as Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial polymer primarily used for topical antisepsis and wound management.
Structurally, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) consists of repeating biguanide units linked by hexamethylene hydrocarbon chains, conferring both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties that enhance its interaction with microbial membranes.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) (PHMB) is a strong cationic, polymeric biguanide derivative.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) shows a broad spectrum of activity and high tissue compatibility.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a raw material known since 1959, which is used in cosmetics and food industry.
Other capabilities of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) are in cleaning and disinfection of beer plants or as a disinfectant and anti-flock substance in swimming pools (no smell of chlorine).

In 1995 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) could also be used for the manufacture of wound dressing solutions.
The first major application area of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) were surgical wounds.
Soon, the solutions produced in the hospital pharmacies were used in the treatment of infected chronic wounds.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has an incredible advantage over other microbicide substances: it has the highest therapeutic ratio (TB).
In other words, the relationship between the benefit and harm is mostly on the benefit side.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is odorless, colorless and hypoallergenic.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) does not cause inflammation on wound or cause wound healing disorders according to current knowledge.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) (PHMB) was first synthesized and characterized by ICI in England in the 1950s in the search for new malaria drugs.
It quickly became apparent that Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) was not very effective against malaria, but had a very good antimicrobial effect against a broad germ spectrum.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has since been successfully used in extremely different concentrations as a disinfectant in industrial processes and as a preservative in cosmetic and medical products.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a polymeric biguanide with antimicrobial properties and excellent skin and mucous membrane tolerance.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) or polyhexamethylene biguanide is listed in the INCI under the name “polyaminopropyl biguanide”.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used as a preservative and for support of wound healing in medical products as well as in pharmaceuticals.
Since 1959 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been used for preservation in the cosmetics industry and is approved up to a concentration of 0.3% according to the German Cosmetic Decree (KVO).

Thus there is no limitation in the duration of use.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been the first choice for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds since 2004.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), (or PHMB) is a chemical product created in the late 1950s and used since the 1970s in the formulation of certain biocides.

For example to kill microbes (bacteria, viruses) and fungi in water (in the form of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) which is one of the pesticides that can be used as swimming pool disinfectants).
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a disinfecting chemical with a large molecular weight that is commonly used in solutions marketed for one month only, which may also contain a cleaning agent such as poloxamer.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) (polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under various brand names.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), sold under the brand name Akantior is a medication used for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of biguanides.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also a drug used to treat acanthamoeba keratitis when administered as an eyedrop to the corneal tissue.
Additionally, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)-mimicking side chains have been used in the synthesis of an antimicrobial polymer-mimicking gene vector with high cellular internalisation ability.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.

USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Uses Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide): Disinfection, bactericidal, antifungal.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect on Gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, fungi and yeast.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) can be widely used in daily chemical industry, water treatment, medical and health fields.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is commonly used in women's lotion, sanitary wipes sterilization fungicide, fruit and vegetable, aquatic product disinfectant, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectant and other products.

Products containing Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used in the majority of formulations.
Use in Acanthamoeba keratitis treatment: Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is indicated for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis in people aged 12 years of age and older.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been used in trials studying the treatment, prevention, and supportive care of Caries, Neoplasm, Skin Diseases, Nail Diseases, and Dental Plaque, among others.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is widely used in oil field chemicals, water treatment chemicals, daily chemicals, textile printing and dyeing, swimming pool disinfection, flower antiseptic treatment, animal husbandry, aquaculture, agriculture, pet antibacterial, soil improvement, environmental disinfection, disinfection products, etc.

In aquaculture, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) can rapidly inhibit Gram-negative bacteria, floating Vibrio, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio algolyticus and other harmful bacteria in seawater, and has good preventive and therapeutic effects on various diseases caused by bacteria in South American white shrimp and other aquatic products.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under names such as Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan and Omnicide.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).

Uses of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide): Broad spectrum antimicrobial polymer; binds and disrupts cytoplasmic membranes
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has a high tissue compatibility.
This property is derived from Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s selective binding to the acidic phospholipids, in particular phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol on the pathogenic cell membrane.

When the primary function of a product is to create pharmacological, immunological or metabolic effects during human use, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is considered as a drug.
The Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) remaining of the skin surface forms a film layer and directly act mechanical, not physical, immunological or metabolic.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is applied topically on skin, mucosa and wound.
There is no evidence that Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) passes through the systemic circulation as a result of the application.
Due to its polymeric structure and high molecular weight, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) reduces the risk of transition to the systemic circulation.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) (polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under names such as Lavasept, Serasept, and Omnicide.

Some products containing Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, scopy, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) also has an application as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer in place of chlorine- or bromine-based products.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used in the majority of formulations.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also found in some medications (in the form of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, for example).
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used against herpes infections, against acne, for disinfecting surgical wounds and/or in veterinary treatments, particularly against mastitis in ruminants in livestock farms.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used for cleaning and/or disinfecting objects, surfaces or premises, including in hospitals.
Its inventor designed Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) to be used in one or more Biguanide salts and one or more aromatic alcohols e.g. phenoxyalkyl alcohols.

In some cases, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used as part of combination therapy with other wound care products.
For instance, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is often incorporated into wound dressings, hydrogels, or silver-based products to enhance their antimicrobial properties.

Combination therapy can be particularly effective in managing complex or infected wounds, providing a comprehensive approach to wound care.
While Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) shows great promise in wound care, there are still challenges to overcome.
One concern is the potential for bacterial resistance development.

To mitigate this risk, it is essential to use Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) judiciously and rotate it with other antimicrobial agents when necessary.
Additionally, further research is needed to explore Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s long-term effects and efficacy in specific wound types.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has emerged as a powerful and effective antimicrobial agent in wound care.
Its broad-spectrum activity, low cytotoxicity, and ability to disrupt biofilms make Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) a valuable addition to the wound care armamentarium.

When used appropriately and in combination with other wound care strategies, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) can significantly contribute to improved wound healing and patient outcomes.
As research in wound care continues to advance, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)’s potential may expand further, offering new and innovative solutions for managing complex wounds in the future.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has a highly positive charge, which enables it to interact effectively with the negatively charged bacterial cell membranes.
This interaction disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to the leakage of cellular contents and eventual microbial death.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been widely used in various medical and non-medical applications, including wound care products, contact lens solutions, and disinfectants.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has found numerous applications in wound care due to its excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is particularly effective against drug-resistant bacteria, making it an attractive option for managing infected wounds where conventional antibiotics may fail.
Additionally, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) exhibits low cytotoxicity to human cells, making it a safer alternative compared to certain other antimicrobial agents.

In wound care, preventing and managing infections is critical for successful wound healing.
By reducing bacterial load, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) helps create a more favorable environment for the body’s natural healing processes.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) aids in reducing inflammation, promoting granulation tissue formation, and accelerating re-epithelialization.

Moreover, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation is vital in preventing chronic wound development, which is a significant challenge in wound management.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has demonstrated a good safety profile in wound care when used at appropriate concentrations.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is generally well-tolerated by patients, and adverse reactions are rare.
However, like any wound care product, it is essential to use Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines and under the supervision of healthcare professionals.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)’s still allowed for uses as disinfectants PT2 (Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct application to humans or animals).
Furthermore, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been declared as a candidate for substitution by the ECHA.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) does not occur naturally in the environment.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s found in a wide range of products available to consumers.

For example, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s used as an antimicrobial agent or preservative in: fabric softeners, and medical devices
cosmetics, such as: deodorants, moisturizers, bath products, nail care products, hair styling products, shampoos and conditioners, cleansers and make-up removers, contact lens solutions, non-prescription drugs, natural health products, hand washes, sanitizers and rubs.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) may also be used as an antiseptic, sanitizer or deodorizer in: textiles, pet litter, wet wipes, air filter treatments, veterinary products, recreational water treatment, preservation of hides and skins, disinfectant solutions and wet wipes.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) may also be found in food if the food preparation surface has been treated with sanitizers and disinfectants that contain PHMB.

-The Use of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) in Wound Care A Powerful Antimicrobial Agent:
The use of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has gained significant attention in wound care due to its potent antimicrobial properties and numerous benefits.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has emerged as a powerful and effective antimicrobial agent in wound care.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s broad-spectrum activity, low cytotoxicity, and ability to disrupt biofilms

Wound care is an essential aspect of modern medicine, as Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) plays a crucial role in preventing infections, promoting healing, and improving patient outcomes.
In recent years, the use of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has gained significant attention in wound care due to its potent antimicrobial properties and numerous benefits.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), also known as polyhexanide, is a synthetic antimicrobial agent that has shown great promise in managing and treating various types of wounds.

PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a water solution that can be used as a broad spectrum and high efficient disinfectant.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

ANTIMICROBIAL MECHANISM of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a polymerized cationic compound, which is easily adsorbed by various types of bacteria that are usually negatively charged, thus inhibiting the division function of the bacteria and making the bacteria lose the ability to reproduce.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is an antimicrobial and antiviral agent.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) works by adsorbing to the surface of cellulose, which can damage microbial cell membranes and interfere with metabolism.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is widely used in medical, clothing and household textiles, and cosmetic fields.

CHARACTERISTICS of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
• Reduces wound pain rapidly and effectively
• Reduces wound malodour
• Increases formation of granulation tissue
• Increases keratinocyte and fibroblast activity
• Reduces scurf formation within the wound
• Reduces MMP-induced periwound breakdown
• Helps to remove non-viable tissue
• The success of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has resulted in its recommendations as the primary antimicrobial in many European countries and has prompted the publication of a UK consensus review

BENEFITS of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a stable (but therefore persistent) product, and remains effective in the presence of UV and at different pHs.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is non-oxidizing, cationic in solution in water, and can be an alternative to other cationic biocide treatments based on quaternary ammonium or chlorine.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s flocculating power improves the efficiency of sand filters.
Hydrogen peroxide or active oxygen are sometimes used in addition.

BOUNDARIES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is incompatible with the presence of chlorine and bromine, as well as with copper, bronze or copper-based products.

FEATURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has the ability to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi (many kinds of ringworm and mold) and yeast.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has rapid inhibitory effect on E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

PREPARATION of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
The preparation method of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide):
By a certain proportion of 1; the own bisguanides of 6-and catalyst join in reaction vessel; under nitrogen protection, said mixture is heated to 80-200 DEGC and reacts, react 2-24 hour; reaction terminates; cooling blowing, obtains poly hexamethylene biguanide, poly hexamethylene biguanide aqueous acid is neutralized to pH value 5-9; and performing filtering so as to obtain a polyhexamethylene biguanidine salt.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a cationic polymer with antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been commonly accepted that the antimicrobial activity is due to the ability of PHMB to perforate the bacterial phospholipid membrane leading ultimately to its death.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a colorless to pale yellow solution.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used as a surface disinfectant and is alleged to be suitable for skin disinfection.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has a slow effect and does not meet the practical requirements for prophylactic antiseptics in this respect.
Although Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is somewhat less effective than benzalkonium chloride, it is sometimes used instead of benzalkonium because it is less foam producing under use conditions.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
CAS Number: 28757-47-3
Chemical formula: (C8H17N5)n
Molecular Formula: C8H19N5
Molecular Weight: 185.27 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine
Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H19N5/c1-2-3-4-5-6-12-8(11)13-7(9)10/h2-6H2,1H3,(H6,9,10,11,12,13)
Standard InChIKey: VAZJLPXFVQHDFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CCCCCCN/C(=NC(=N)N)/N
SMILES: CCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)N

Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)N
CBNumber: CB91074557
MDL Number: MFCD00242965
Chemical Name: Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)
CAS Registry Number: 28757-47-3
PubChemID: 20977
PSA: 97.78000
LogP: 2.25570

EINECS: 923-111-4
Molecular Weight: 185.27
Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 347.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 59.2±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 164.1±23.2 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.550

Molar Refractivity: 51.1±0.5 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 5
#H bond donors: 6
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
#Rule of 5 Violations: 1
ACD/LogP: 1.36
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00

ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00
Polar Surface Area: 103 Å2
Polarizability:   20.2±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 45.7±7.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 160.2±7.0 cm3
XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 185.16404563
Monoisotopic Mass: 185.16404563
Topological Polar Surface Area: 103 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 181
Form: Liquid

Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Odorless
pH Value (1% Solution): 4.0 – 6.0
Melting Point, °C: Not determined
Boiling Point, °C: 102 – 105°C
Flash Point: Not applicable
Ignition Temperature, °C: Product is not self-igniting
Flammability, °C:

Lower Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Upper Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C: 23 hPa
Density @ 20°C: 1.030 – 1.060
Solubility/Miscibility In Water: Fully miscible
Partition Coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Solids Content, %: 19 – 21

Molecular Weight: 185.27
Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 347.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 59.2±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 164.1±23.2 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.550
Molar Refractivity: 51.1±0.5 cm3

#H bond acceptors: 5
#H bond donors: 6
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
#Rule of 5 Violations: 1
ACD/LogP: 1.36
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00

ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00
Polar Surface Area: 103 Å2
Polarizability: 20.2±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 45.7±7.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 160.2±7.0 cm3

XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 185.16404563
Monoisotopic Mass: 185.16404563
Topological Polar Surface Area: 103 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 181

Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Odorless
pH Value (1% Solution): 4.0 – 6.0
Melting Point, °C: Not determined
Boiling Point, °C: 102 – 105°C
Flash Point: Not applicable
Ignition Temperature, °C: Product is not self-igniting

Flammability, °C:
Lower Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Upper Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C: 23 hPa
Density @ 20°C: 1.030 – 1.060
Solubility/Miscibility In Water: Fully miscible
Partition Coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Solids Content, %: 19 – 21

FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
-Skin:
Removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
-Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Spills/Leaks:
Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-General Information:
*Extinguishing Media:
In case of fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Personal Protective Equipment:
*Eyes:
Wear safety glasses.
*Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves.
*Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin.

HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Handling:
Wash after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
-Hazardous Polymerization:
Has not been reported.