PRODUCTS

POLY(MALEIC ACID)

Poly(maleic acid) is a maleic acid homo polymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
Poly(maleic acid) is a polycarboxylic acid type organic compound, which is resistant to high temperature and can chelate calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. in water.
Poly(maleic acid) has good thermal stability, use PH range, wide water hardness, is an excellent anti-limescale.

CAS Number: 26099-09-2
EC Number: 607-861-7
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07g/mol

Synonyms: 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, homopolymer, Accent T 1107, Acumer 4200, Aron A 6510, Bel 200 premix, Belclene 200, Belclene 200LA, Belclene 710, Dequest P 9000, Dp 3328, Hpma, Hydrolized polymaleic anhydride, Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride, Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride, Maleic acid homopolymer, Maleic acid polymer, Maleic acid, polymers, Nonpol PMA 50W, Nonpol PWA 50W, Polymaleic acid, PolymaleicacidAq, Sh 150, HPMA, Polymaleic acid, PolymaleicacidAq, Poly(maleic acid), POLY(MALEIC ACID), MALEIC ACID POLYMER, Maleic Acdi ( homopolymer ), Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride, Hydrolized polymaleic anhydride, Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride, hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, (z)-2-butenedioic acid homopolymer

Poly(maleic acid) is the homopolymer of Maleic acid.
Poly(maleic acid) is a very efficient calcium carbonate antiscalant showing excellent performance in high temperature as well as high alkaline cooling water systems.

Poly(maleic acid) is stable in presence of chlorine or other oxidizing biocides.
Due to Poly(maleic acid) good scale inhibition and high temperature tolerance properties, Poly(maleic acid) is used in water desalination plants.
Poly(maleic acid) does also perform as corrosion inhibitor when being combined with zinc salts.

Poly(maleic acid) is a maleic acid homo polymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
Poly(maleic acid) is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

Poly(maleic acid) is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.

Poly(maleic acid) has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates used alone.
Poly(maleic acid) is compatible with quaternary ammonium compounds, while not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides under normal use conditions.

Poly(maleic acid) is a polycarboxylic acid type organic compound, which is resistant to high temperature and can chelate calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. in water.
Good thermal stability, use PH range, wide water hardness, is an excellent scale inhibitor.

Poly(maleic acid), as a low-cost and excellent green water treatment agent, has become an important member of high-efficiency water-soluble scale inhibitor and dispersant.
Especially under harsh environmental conditions such as high temperature, high pH value, high alkalinity, high hardness, etc., Poly(maleic acid) has a significant scale inhibition effect on calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc., which is not general polypropylene acids and other organic copolymerization The dispersant can reach.
At the same time, Poly(maleic acid) has low toxicity, no carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and is often used as a water treatment agent for circulating cooling water, low-pressure boiler water, and anti-scaling treatment for oilfield water injection, crude oil dehydration and other systems.

Poly(maleic acid) is a polyelectrolyte, also known as anti-scale agent H-1, Poly(maleic acid), which is produced by maleic anhydride Polyhydrolysis or hydrolysis polymerization.
Poly(maleic acid) is a brown-red viscous liquid at room temperature.

Easily soluble in water, each carbon atom on the polymer chain has a high potential charge.
Therefore, Poly(maleic acid) polyelectrolyte properties are different from polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.

When dropping with LiOH, NaOH, KOH or (CH3)4NOH, only half of the carboxyl group of the total acid is neutralized, and the properties are different from polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.
When LiOH, NaOH, KOH or (CH3)4NOH curve is used, there is only one jump at the half-sum point.

Therefore, in terms of potentiometric titration, Poly(maleic acid) is often regarded as a unit acid.
Poly(maleic acid) and maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymers can be used to treat calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate powders.

The surface modification of calcium carbonate can improve the stability of calcium carbonate in organic or inorganic phase (system), improve the dispersibility of these powders in solution, and prevent the agglomeration of particles.
Poly(maleic acid) is prepared by polymerization and hydrolysis of maleic anhydride under the action of a catalyst.
Poly(maleic acid) is mainly used for scale and corrosion inhibition of steam locomotive boilers, industrial low-pressure boilers, internal combustion engine cooling water systems, seawater desalination, seawater potassium extraction, heat exchange systems, oil field oil pipelines and tank return systems.

Poly(maleic acid) is a drug that inhibits the activity of maleate, hydrogen tartrate, and benzalkonium chloride.
Poly(maleic acid) is used as an active inhibitor in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria.

Poly(maleic acid) has been shown to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The long-term toxicity studies on rats have shown no evidence of carcinogenicity or other adverse effects.
Poly(maleic acid) has also been shown to bind to the rate constant for polymerase chain reactions, which may result in inhibition of bacterial growth.

Poly(maleic acid) is the homopolymer of maleic acid.
Poly(maleic acid) is very stable in presence of chlorine and other oxidizing biocides.

Poly(maleic acid) has good scale inhibition and high temperature resistance properties.
Therefore, Poly(maleic acid) can be used in the water desalination plants.

Poly(maleic acid) is also an excellent calcium carbonate antiscalant upon high temperature and in the high alkaline cooling water systems.
In addition, Poly(maleic acid) can be used in combination with zinc salts as a corrosion inhibitor.

Poly(maleic acid) can also be used as concrete additive and for crude oil evaporation.
Poly(maleic acid) can be manufactured through the polymerization of maleic anhydride I an aromatic hydrocarbon upon 60° to 200° C.

A relatively homogenous and easily synthesized polymer, Poly(maleic acid), was studied to ascertain Poly(maleic acid) suitability as a model compound for humic substances.
Physical and chemical properties of Poly(maleic acid) were measured by UV/VIS, Fourier-transform infrared, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, high pressure size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analyses to elucidate the structural characteristics of Poly(maleic acid) and aquatic humic substances.

In terms of size, polydispersity, elemental composition, and infrared spectra, Poly(maleic acid) most closely resembles fulvic acids derived primarily from terrestrial sources.
Molar absorptivity (measured at 280 nm) and 13C NMR spectroscopic data, however, show that Poly(maleic acid) exhibits significantly less aromaticity than fulvic materials of similar size.

In general, terrestrially derived aquatic fulvic acids possess larger percentages of aromatic carbons than either Poly(maleic acid) or the lacustrine and subsurface fulvic acids.
13C NMR spectra also show that aliphatic II and acetal carbons, present in several aquatic fulvic acids, are absent in Poly(maleic acid).

Furthermore, the carboxyl carbon content of Poly(maleic acid) is significantly higher than that of all the humic materials used in this study.
Based on these results, Poly(maleic acid) does not resemble a unique humic substance, but rather appears to possess chemical properties common to humic materials from diverse sources.

Applications of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Cooling water systems / industrial water treatment
Concrete additive
Water desalination
Crude oil evaporation

Uses of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Poly(maleic acid) has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, and has obvious solubility limit effect when pH value is 8.3.
Poly(maleic acid) can chelate calcium and magnesium plasma in water and has lattice distortion ability, which can improve the fluidity of sludge.

Poly(maleic acid) is especially suitable for scale inhibition in high-temperature water systems such as boiler water.
Poly(maleic acid) can be used as oil field water pipeline, circulating cooling water system and flash seawater desalination and other sediment inhibitors, scale inhibitors, etc., can also be used as a basic industrial detergent

Poly(maleic acid) is efficient scale inhibitor.
Poly(maleic acid) is mainly used in low-pressure boilers, industrial circulating cooling water systems, oil pipeline, crude oil dehydration and flash seawater desalination and other aspects of the scale inhibitor, and can be used as the main component of advanced cleaning agents, but also can be used as textile rinsing agent, reduces the ash content of textiles.

Poly(maleic acid) still has good scale inhibition and dispersion effect on carbonate below 300 ℃, and the scale inhibition time can reach COOH.
Due to the excellent scale inhibition performance and high temperature resistance of Poly(maleic acid), Poly(maleic acid) is widely used in the flash unit of seawater desalination and in the low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil dehydration, water transfer pipeline and industrial circulating cooling water.

In addition, Poly(maleic acid) has a certain corrosion inhibition effect, and the effect of compound with zinc salt is better, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of carbon steel.
Poly(maleic acid) is usually (1~15)× 10-6 and organic phosphate compound, for circulating cooling water, oil field water injection, crude oil dehydration treatment and low pressure boiler furnace treatment, Poly(maleic acid) has a good effect of inhibiting scale formation and stripping old scale, and the scale inhibition rate can reach 98%.

Poly(maleic acid) cocoa is used for scale inhibition of industrial circulating cooling water, oil field water pipelines and boiler water.
Desalination and scale prevention of seawater by flash evaporation.
And used as an ingredient in advanced cleaning agents.

The general dosage is 1-5PPM.
Poly(maleic acid) can be used for oil field water pipelines, steam locomotive boilers, medium and low pressure boilers, seawater desalination, circulating cooling water, and scale inhibitor and dispersant.

Poly(maleic acid) can also be used as a textile cleaning agent.
General dosage 2 × 10-6~10-5.

Poly(maleic acid) is used as scale inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor in steam locomotive, industrial boiler water, cold water, and oil field water injection treatment.
Poly(maleic acid) is a high-efficiency scale inhibitor, mainly used in low-pressure boilers, industrial circulating cooling water systems, oil field water pipelines, crude oil dehydration, etc.

Poly(maleic acid) has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, and has obvious pH value when 8.3.
The solubility limit effect can chelate with calcium and magnesium plasma in water and have lattice distortion ability, which can improve the fluidity of sludge.

Poly(maleic acid) is especially suitable for scale inhibition of high warm water systems such as boiler water.
Poly(maleic acid) can be used as a sediment inhibitor, scale inhibitor, etc. for oilfield water pipelines, circulating cooling water systems, and flash evaporation seawater desalination.
Poly(maleic acid) can also be used as an alkaline industrial cleaner with.

Properties of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Poly(maleic acid) is a solvent-based maleic acid hopolymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
Poly(maleic acid) is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

Nature of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Poly(maleic acid) is transparent liquid.
Poly(maleic acid) is soluble in water, chemical stability and high thermal stability, decomposition temperature of 330.

50% of the aqueous solution is light yellow viscous liquid, density is greater than or equal to 1.
2g/cm3,pH value is 1~2.
Poly(maleic acid) is a low molecular weight polyelectrolyte, non-toxic, soluble in water, high chemical and thermal stability, decomposition temperature above 330 ℃.

Preparation Method of Poly(Maleic Acid):
The polymerization was initiated in the presence of benzoyl peroxide with maleic anhydride as a raw material and toluene as a solvent.

Synthesis Method of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Add a certain amount of maleic anhydride and water to a 1000m four-mouth flask equipped with thermometer, stirrer, reflux condenser and constant pressure drop funnel, and raise the temperature to 60 ℃.
After the maleic anhydride is completely dissolved, add an appropriate amount of catalyst and self-made auxiliary AXL, start the stirrer and raise the temperature to the set temperature at the same time, control a certain reaction temperature, and add the initiator within a certain period of time through a constant pressure drop funnel.
After dropping, continue the heat preservation reaction for 2h to obtain Poly(maleic acid) products.

Production Method of Poly(Maleic Acid):
200 parts maleic anhydride, 80 parts water and one part catalyst are added into the kettle.
After heating and reflux, 100 parts of hydrogen peroxide are added dropwise at 100~120 ℃.

After the reaction, heat and reflux for 30 min to obtain a clear and transparent brown-yellow hydrolyzed product.
Using water as solvent and maleic acid rod as monomer in the presence of initiator for polymerization.
See hydrolyzed Poly(maleic acid) rod for details.

Handling and storage of Poly(Maleic Acid):

Precautions for safe handling:
Ensure good ventilation of the work station. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Wear personal protective equipment.

Hygiene measures:
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using Poly(maleic acid).
Always wash hands after handling Poly(maleic acid).

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 °C/ 122 °F.
Protect from sunlight.

Store in original container or corrosive resistant and/or lined container.
Store in corrosive resistant container with a resistant inner liner.

Keep only in original container.
Store in a well-ventilated place.
Keep cool.

Incompatible materials:
Metals.

Shelf Life of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Under proper storage conditions, the shelf life is 12 months

Stability and reactivity of Poly(Maleic Acid):

Reactivity:
Poly(maleic acid) is non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Chemical stability:
Stable under normal conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No dangerous reactions known under normal conditions of use.

Conditions to avoid:
None under recommended storage and handling conditions.

Incompatible materials:
Strong bases.
Oxidizing agent.
May be corrosive to metals. metals.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition products should not be produced.

First Aid Measures of Poly(Maleic Acid):

After inhalation:
Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

After skin contact:
Wash skin with plenty of water.

After eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

If eye irritation persists:
Get medical advice/attention.

After ingestion:
Call a poison center/doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

Most important symptoms and effects (acute and delayed):

Symptoms/effects after eye contact:
Eye irritation.

Immediate medical attention and special treatment, if necessary:
Treat symptomatically.

Fire-fighting Measures of Poly(Maleic Acid):

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray.
Dry powder.

Foam.
Carbon dioxide.

Specific hazards arising from the chemical:

Reactivity:
Poly(maleic acid) is non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters:

Protection during firefighting:
Do not attempt to take action without suitable protective equipment.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Complete protective clothing.

Accidental release measures of Poly(Maleic Acid):

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Emergency procedures:
Ventilate spillage area.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Protective equipment:
Do not attempt to take action without suitable protective equipment.

Environmental precautions
Avoid release to the environment.

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:

Methods for cleaning up:
Take up liquid spill into absorbent material.

Other information:
Dispose of materials or solid residues at an authorized site.

Identifiers of Poly(Maleic Acid):
CAS No.:26099-09-2
Chemical Name: Poly(maleic acid)
CBNumber: CB5491823
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07
MDL Number: MFCD00284278

Formula: (C4H4O4)n
CAS No.: 26099-09-2
EC No.: n/a

CAS No: [26099-09-2]
Product Code: FP45020
MDL No: MFCD00284278
Chemical Formula: (C4H4O4)n
Smiles: C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O
Density: 1.23 g/cm3
Flash Point: 100 °C
Storage: store at 10°C - 25°C, close container well
UN Number: UN3265
Pack Group: II
Class: 8

EC / List no.: 607-861-7
CAS no.: 26099-09-2

Properties of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Density: 1.18 (48% aq.)
Flash point: 95 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4;HOOCCH=CHCOOH;C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07g/mol
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 116.010959g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.010959g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 119
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Color/Form: Monoclinic prisms from water; White crystals from water, alcohol and benzene; Colorless crystals
Odor: Faint acidulous odor
Boiling Point: 275 °F at 760 mm Hg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molar Mass: 116.07
Density: 1.18 (48% aq.)
Flash Point: 95 °C
Storage Condition: 2-8°C

Specifications of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Appearance: Amber liquid
Solid content %: 48-52
pH (as it): 2.0 max
Density (20℃, g/cm3 ): 1.16-1.22

Related Products of Poly(Maleic Acid):
Dimethyl 2-Hydroxyisophthalate
2,6-Dimethyl-4-hydroxypyridine
1-(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-methanediamine
(contains Tris(dimethylamino) Methane and N,N- Dimethylformamide Di-tert-butyl Acetal) (Technical Grade)
(E)-6,6-Dimethylhept-2-en-4-yn-1-ol
Dimethyl Chlorothiophosphate

Names of Poly(Maleic Acid):

Regulatory process names:
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer

IUPAC names:
(2R,3R)-2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer
2‐Butenedioic acid (2Z)‐, homopolymer
ACIDO POLIMALEICO
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
POLY(MALEIC ACID)
Poly(maleic acid)
poly(maleic acid)
Polymaleic acid
Polymaleic acid
Polymaleic acid

Other names:
HPMA
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride (HPMA)
MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHITE

Other identifier:
26099-09-2