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Polyalkylenglycol 600 = PAG 600 = PAG = PAG Oil
Polyalkylenglycol 600 is NOT Polyethylene glycol 600.
PAG 600 is NOT PEG 600
Polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) provide great lubrication for metal-on-metal applications where operating temperatures range from -40°C to 200°C.
They typically are used where elastomer compatibility and thermal stability are required at elevated temperatures.
PAGs are the only major class of synthetic lubricants that are water-soluble, which allows for easy cleanup of equipment.
Polyalkylene glycols are unique among synthetic lubricants because of their high oxygen content.
As lubricants, they are exceptionally clean, allowing use where petroleum products would build tars and sludges.
By varying their structure, one can vary their solubilities from water soluble to water insoluble.
They are the only lubricants available with water solubility.
A product of World War II, they quickly found uses where petroleum-based lubricants fail.
ATAMAN CHEMICALS
Composition: Polyalkylenglycol
H(OCH2CH2)n(OCHCH3CH2) (OCH2CH2)m OH
n+m = 13
CAS-No.: 9003-11-6
Product Function: Intermediate & process aid
Chemical Type: Polyalkylene glycol
Applications of Polyalkylenglycol 600:
Chemical synthesis
Plastic & elastomer synthesis
Binder & mold release
Polyalkylenglycol 600 by ATAMAN CHEMICALS is a polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and used as a lubricant and mold release agent for rubber and elastomer processing.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 offers low friction coefficients, excellent wear properties and good thermal-oxidative stability/conductivity.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 shows excellent compatibility with other formulation components.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 has a low foaming tendency, broad registration status, free of hazard label for easy and safe handling.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 can be operable in a wide temperature range with a high viscosity index.
Product Type: Lubricants / Waxes
Chemical Composition: Polyalkylenglycol
CAS Number: 9003-11-6
Polyalkylenglycol 600 is a polyalkylenglycol that is used for a wide variety of applications including: reactive diol/polyether component in polyester or polyurethene resins; component of auxiliaries for leather and textile processing; cosmetic formulations; lubricant and mould release agent for rubber and elastomer processing; plasticizer and binder for ceramic and concrete manufacturing; component of lubricant formulations; water soluble, lubricating component in metalworking fluids; humectant for paper, wood and cellulose films; solvent and humectant for dyes and inks; modifier for production of regenerated viscose; humectant and plasticizer for adhesives; and heat transfer medium.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 is a clear neutral liquid at room temperature, and the molecular weight is 570 – 630g/mol.
Its two hydroxy end groups as well as its ether groups mainly control the physical and chemical properties of Polyalkylenglycol 600.
The solidification point of Polyalkylenglycol 600 is about 20 °C lower than that of the polyethylene glycol 600.
This simplifies handling of Polyalkylenglycol 600 at low temperatures.
Product properties*)
Polyalkylenglycol 600 is a clear neutral liquid at room temperature.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 can be supplied in tank trucks or in steel drums.
Polyalkylenglycol 600's two hydroxy end groups as well as its ether groups mainly control the physical and chemical properties of Polyalkylenglycol 600.
Therefore Polyalkylenglycol 600 is soluble in water and polar organic solvents like aceton or methanol.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 is insoluble in pure hydrocarbons.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 displays typical chemical reactions of alcohols/diols.
The solidification point, of Polyalkylenglycol 600 is about 20 °C lower than that of the polyethylene glycol 600.
This simplifies handling of Polyalkylenglycol 600 at low temperatures.
Besides the lower solidification point properties in general are very similar to polyethylene glycol 600.
Storage
When stored in a cold, dry place in a closed container Polyalkylenglycol 600 can be kept for at least two years.
Applications
Based on their physical and chemical characteristics Polyalkylenglycols similar to polyethylene glycols are used for a wide variety of applications.
Polyalkylenglycol 600 (PAG 600)
Fields of industrial application:
- Reactive diol/polyether component in polyester or polyurethene resins
- Component of auxiliaries for leather and textile processing
- Cosmetic formulations
- Lubricant and mould release agent for rubber and elastomer processing
- Plasticizer and binder for ceramic and concrete manufacturing
- Component of lubricant formulations
- Water soluble, lubricating component in metalworking fluids
- Humectant for paper, wood and cellulose films
- Solvent and humectant for dyes and inks
- Modifier for production of regenerated viscose
- Humectant and plasticizer for adhesives
- Heat transfer medium
Product data*)
water content (DIN 51777): % m/m max. 0.5
colour index: [APHA] (EN 1557) max. 50
pH (10% w/w in water): (DIN 19268) 4 – 7
hydroxyl number (DIN 53240): mg KOH/g 178 – 197
molecular weight: g/mol 570 – 630
pour point (ISO 3016): °C - 5
density at 20°C (DIN 51562): g/cm³ 1.112 – 1.116
refractive index at 20°C (DIN 51423, Part 2): 1.466 – 1.470
viscosity at 50°C (DIN 51562): mm²/s 34 – 42
flash point (DIN 51376): °C 265
ignition temperature (DIN 51794): °C 390
*This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses.
It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application.
Any existing industrial property rights must be observed.
The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale.
*These characteristics are guidance only and not be taken as product specifications.
The tolerances are given in the product specification sheet.
For further product properties, specifications, safety and ecological data , please refer to the MSDS
Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and NSF HX-1 food grade lubricants.
Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants.
Polyalkylene glycol base oils, also known as polyglycols or PAGs are formed by reacting an alcohol with one or more alkylene oxides. Depending on the molecular composition, they are either soluble in water or soluble in oil.
PAG oils offer quality lubricity, high natural viscosity index and good temperature stability.
PAG base fluids are available in both water soluble and insoluble forms, and in a wide range of viscosity grades.
They offer low volatility in high-temperature applications and can be used in high- and low-temperature environments.
They are commonly used as quenchants, metalworking fluids, food-grade lubricants and as lubricants in hydraulic and compressor equipment.
However, the water soluble PAG oils are incompatible with petroleum oil, and care must be taken in transitioning equipment from hydrocarbon oils to PAG oils.
The Development of Polyalkylene Glycol
PAG oils were one of the first synthetic lubricants to be developed and commercialized.
They were created under mandate from the U.S. Navy in response to hydraulic fluid fires on ships resulting from ordnance strikes during World War II.
In 1942, and for the next 30 years, the Navy began to exclusively use PAG-based water glycol hydraulic fluids that were fire-resistant and could operate over a wide temperature range. Later, PAG oils began to see extensive use as textile lubricants and as quenchants in metal heat treating.
PAG oils are classified by their weight percent composition of oxypropylene versus oxyethylene units in the polymer chain.
PAG oil with 100 weight percent oxypropylene groups are water insoluble; whereas those with 50 to 75 weight percent oxyethylene are water soluble at ambient temperatures.
Although PAG oils have long been used as industrial lubricants, recent work has led to the development of PAG lubricants for use in equipment in the food processing industry. These products are known as food-grade approved lubricants.
In these applications, they offer excellent lubricity, increased oxidative stability, a high viscosity index (180 to 280) and low pour points.
They are one of the few synthetic substances identified in the FDA’s food additive regulation for food-grade lubricant base stocks, 21 CFR § 178.3570, for use in industrial machinery when incidental food contact with a lubricant may occur.
PAG Oil Applications and Benefits
Because of the properties that make up PAG lubricants, they are uniquely suited for a number of industrial and manufacturing applications.
Their water solubility allows for easy clean-up of equipment. PAG lubricants offer high viscosity indexes, and are shear stable.
PAG oils are also valued for their low volatility in high-temperature applications, and for resistance to formation of residue and deposits.
Their biodegradability makes them ideal for environmentally sensitive applications.
PAG oils are best known as compressor lubricants.
PAGs are also the lubricant of choice in high-pressure natural gas and ethylene compression, where the viscosity stability of hydrocarbon-based lubricants is adversely affected due to solubility of the gas in the fluid.
In refrigeration compression, PAG and polyol ester-type lubricants are used almost exclusively with the current generation of environmentally friendly HFC refrigerants such as R-134a and R-152a.
The two largest U.S. air compressor OEMs have used PAG lubricants as the standard factory fill in rotary screw air compressors for almost 20 years.
More recently, a third compressor OEM has begun to offer PAG oil as an optional fluid.
From the laboratory perspective, the condition of PAG fluids is relatively easy to monitor.
In most applications, as the end of the useful life approaches, the only significant change is the increase in acid number (AN) from fluid oxidation.
Depending on the additive package, fresh PAG oils will typically have an AN of 0.1 to 0.5 mg KOH/g.
An increase of 1.0 from the new fluid specification is a good condemning limit.
Viscosity remains fairly stable, even during the latter stages of fluid life. Water limits may be set higher for PAG oils than hydrocarbon fluids because they are more water tolerant than other fluid types.
Even a “water insoluble” PAG oil will tolerate as much as 0.7 percent water contamination before allowing free water to exist in the fluid.
PAG oils are also useful in industrial equipment operating year-round without seasonal changes.
Their superior heat transfer characteristics and thermal and oxidation stability make them ideal for use as heat transfer fluids in large, open vented systems and for process fluids in the production of plastics, elastomers, threads or fabricated parts where compatibility of the fluid with the processed part is important.
Textile fiber production is another industry that benefits from the use of PAG oils.
These lubricants do not stain or discolor fibers, and are easily removed during the scouring process.
PAG oils are also the lubricant of choice for many high-speed, high-temperature fiber processes where shear stability is a requirement.
In addition, they are often used as lubricants in textile manufacturing equipment as extreme-pressure gear lubricants.
A renewed emphasis on energy conservation has increased interest in energy-efficient gear lubricants.
For example, the extreme demands of gear lubrication in wind turbines are being met by PAG oils.
The low velocities and high surface loadings on the gears in these units have resulted in micropitting problems with conventional hydrocarbon oils that have been overcome with PAG-based fluids.
In other gearbox applications, especially worm gears, the naturally low coefficient of friction found in PAG fluids results in energy savings, lower temperatures and lower wear rates.
Versatility Meets Performance
For more than 60 years, synthetic lubricants have provided a viable alternative to traditional hydrocarbon lubricants.
Each type serves unique roles, with PAG oils performing in both high- and low-temperature environments, in areas of extreme pressure and where water solubility is desired.
Polyalkylene glycol can be designed to form a wide variety of polymers.
The design of the polymer can be tailored to the lubricant application to provide, for example, the desired viscosity, pour point, solubility and other attributes.
This versatility and the applications in which they are used shows that PAG oils account for about 24 percent of the entire synthetic lubricant market.
Low pour points, a wide range of viscosities, resistance to varnish formation, increased solvency and a wide range of solubility all add to PAG lubricants’ reputation as a high-performance synthetic lubricant on the market.
With continuing emphasis on environmentally acceptable lubricants in industry, these qualities will continue to push PAG oils to the forefront of the synthetic market.
Polyalkylene glycols are one of many important industrial chemicals developed during World War II.
This work was performed by H. R. Fife, and to a lesser extent by R. F. Holden, as a joint development project between Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company Inc. (then known as the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation) and the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research in Pittsburgh.
Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company Inc. held the original patents for the common lubricants.
The first use of polyalkylene glycols was in water-based hydraulic fluids.
First developed for the navy for use in military aircraft, these compounds were being investigated as early as 1943.
They were formulated from water, ethylene glycol, a polyalkylene glycol that acted as a thickener, and an additive package.
In military aircraft, it is important that fires not break out when bullets or shrapnel sever hydraulic lines.
The final test the Navy conducted was to fire a 50-caliber incendiary bullet, shredded by first passing through a steel baffle, through 1- gallon cans of test fluid.
This test was passed by UCON Hydrolube U using a polyalkylene glycol thickener.
More severe flammability requirements were established after the war.
Hydraulic fluids to be used for missile ground handling equipment were developed that would not burn in a 100% gaseous oxygen atmosphere when the fluid was ejected at a pressure of 3000 psi in the presence of a continuous electric discharge ignition source.
Aqueous solutions of polyalkylene glycols could be formulated to pass this test.
When polyalkylene glycols were first developed, the high viscosity indices and low pour points were quickly identified, leading to the use of these compounds in all-weather, heavyduty brake fluids.
Besides being fluid at temperatures that would cause petroleum products to freeze, they were also water tolerant.
Small amounts of water contaminants would dissolve, not significantly changing the physical properties of the fluid nor crystallizing at low temperatures.
This is still a major use of polyalkylene glycols today. Polyalkylene glycols were extensively used as aircraft engine lubricants in cold climates.
Over 150,000 flying hours were accumulated, mostly in Alaska, using an inhibited polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether.
The low pour point allowed aircraft engines to start at temperatures as low as 2308F without diluting the lubricant with fuel, a step that can be used to reduce lubricant viscosity.
It was possible to hydraulically feather the propellers using the polyalkylene glycol based lubricant down to 2608F.
Clean burn-off, an intrinsic property of polyalkylene glycols, resulted in low levels of carbon deposits and sludge, making engine cleanup easier during maintenance.
Polyalkylene glycols were finally judged unsuitable for aircraft engine oils because of factors: corrosion and deposits.
Corrosion, due to the tendency of polyalkylene glycols to absorb water, was principally a problem for engine parts exposed to moist air.
Corrosion protection additives were not available at that time for polyalkylene glycols. The hard deposits consist primarily of lead from the fuel.
The clean burn-off tendency of the fluid apparently was responsible for this.
The lead deposits formed with petroleum as an engine lubricant are soft and have a lower lead content.
It is believed that these unusual lead deposits resulted in valve sticking after about 300–400 hours of operation although no valve sticking was observed if valve clearances were adequate.
Lubrication engineers quickly developed new uses of polyalkylene glycols.
The uses developed were for petroleum oil replacement in operations where petroleum oil was not entirely satisfactory and the higher cost of the polyalkylene glycol could be justified.
The desirable properties of the polyalkylene glycols include a low tendency to form carbon and sludge, clean burnoff, solvency, high viscosity indices, tolerance for rubber and other elastomers, low pour points, and low flammability.
Polypropylene glycol monobutyl ethers were tested extensively as lubricants for automobile engines.
The fluids showed the expected low carbon and low sludge, as well as clean engine parts and satisfactory cranking at low temperature.
Over 2 million miles of operation using these oil were experienced.
This market was never developed.
Because polyalkylene glycols burn off cleanly, they are desirable to use in high temperature applications where petroleum lubricants would form sludge.
They have been used in glass factories to lubricate the turrets of hot cut flare machines or to lubricate the bearings of rollers that smooth glass sheets.
When mixed with graphite, polyalkylene glycols are very effective at lubricating bearings of carts being rolled into kilns.
After the polyalkylene glycol has burned off, a soft, lubricating layer of graphite is left behind.
Polyalkylene glycols were found to have little or no solvent or swelling effects on most synthetic or natural rubbers.
This gave rise to many uses calling for the lubrication of rubber parts, such as rubber shackles, joints, or O-rings, or in the manufacture of rubber parts, where demolding lubricants were needed
Polyalkylene glycol uses
PAGs are commonly used in quenching fluids, metalworking fluids, gear oils, chain oils, food-grade lubricants and as lubricants in HFC type hydraulics and gas compressor equipment. Properties that PAGs offer include high lubricity, low traction properties, high viscosity index, controlled quenching speeds, good temperature stability and low wear. We offer them in both water soluble and insoluble forms, and in a wide range of viscosity grades.
Polyalkylene glycols (PAG) have been used as basestocks in synthetic lubricants for > 50 yr; applications using PAG, e.g., compressor fluids, gear oils, and hydraulic fluids; possible combinations that can be developed; challenges that limit the use of PAG in lubricant applications; development of a PAG that is soluble in mineral oil; aniline point; performance of oil soluble PAG; hygroscopicity of conventional PAG; and potential of using PAG as basestocks in lubricant products.
Polyalkylene glycols are polymerized ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units, or combinations thereof, started by adsorption to an alcohol.
The proportion of ethylene oxide determines the solubility in water.
Polyalkylene Glycols (PAG) are typically used where elastomer compatibility and thermal stability are required at elevated temperatures. Provides great lubrication for metal-on-metal applications within the -40°C to 200°C operating conditions. They are the only major class of synthetic lubricants that are water soluble.
Polyalkylene glycols are a range of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide derivatives built off different initiators, giving a product family with a wide range of solubility and viscosity properties.
Properties and applications
ensures cleanliness, better lubrication and operation of machines and equipment,reduced formation of carbon deposits and residue as compared to mineral oils,
can be used as a lubricant in equipment operating in low temperatures,
compatible with NBR and EPDM elastomers,
base oil for hydraulic fluids,
base oil for compressors,
base oil in textile industry,
base oil for working fluids,
OTHER PRODUCTS OF ATAMAN CHEMICALS THAT MIGHT BE OF INTEREST:
MORE SOLVENTS AND POLYGLYCOLS
SOLVENTS
Isopropyl alcohol / IPA (Tech Grade)
Glymes
Alcohol Ester
Petroleum Jelly (Vaseline), technical
Polyalkylene glycol
Technical white oils
POLYGLYCOLS
Polyethylene glycol
Polyetheramines
Polyalkylene glycol
