POLYBUTENE (MW 4000)

CAS : 9003-29-6

Synonyms:PB; Polybutene; POLYBUTENE; POLİBÜTEN; polibüten; büten polimeri; büten kopolimer; büten homopolimer; polibütilen; POLİ BÜTÜLEN; POLYBUTILENE; Butene, homopolymer; Polybutenes; Polybutylene; Indopol; Butene polymer; Butene, polymers; Polyvis OO; Chevron 6; Oronite 6; Chevron 12; Chevron 16; Chevron 18; Polybuden 300H; Petrofin 100; Indopol H 50; Indopol L 10; Indopol L 14; Polyvis 015SH; Amoco 15H; Hyvis 10; Witron 131; Indopol H 100; Indopol H 300; Indopol L 100; Polybutene SH 015; Polyvis 2000CH; L 14 (polymer); Oktol 600; Amoco H 300; Hyvis 7000/45; HSDB 5158; LV 50; HE 375; SH 015; 9003-29-6; HE 1975; HV-1900; PB 2110; SV 7000; 300H; L 14; 2000H; H 100; H 300; H 1500; H 1900; 15H; UNII-1NA5AO9GH7; 1-butene 2-butene; 119275-53-5; Indopol H-100; Polybutenes, monoepoxide; AC1O5KPM; EC 500-004-7; 1NA5AO9GH7; but-1-ene; (E)-but-2-ene; WTOOLIQYCQJDBG-BJILWQEISA-N; AKOS015915750; Butene, homopolymer (products derived from either/or But-1-ene/But-2-ene); LS-47073; Polybutenes, average Mn ~320, isobutylene >90 %; I14-52475; Polybutenes, average Mn ~460 by VPO, isobutylene >90 %; Polybutenes, average Mn ~560 by VPO, isobutylene >90 %; Polybutenes, average Mn ~920 by VPO, isobutylene >90 %; Polybutenes, average Mn ~1,290 by VPO, >90% in isobutylene; Polybutenes, average Mn ~2,300 by VPO, isobutylene >90; Witron 131; Butene, homopolymer; Butene, homopolymer (products derived from either/or but-1-ene/but-2-ene); Butene, polymers; BUTENE POLYMER; BUTENE, HOMOPOLYMER; BUTENE, POLYMERS; HOMOPOLYMERE DE BUTENE; POLYBUTYLENE; Polybutène; Polybutene
 

POLYBUTENE (MW: 4000)

Polybutene

Polybutene is an organic polymer made from a mixture of 1-butene, 2-butene, and isobutylene. Ethylene steam cracker C4s are also used as supplemental feed for polybutene. It is similar to polyisobutylene (PIB), which is produced from essentially pure isobutylene made in a C4 complex of a major refinery. The presence of isomers other than isobutylene can have several effects including: 1) lower reactivity due to steric hindrance at the terminal carbon in, e.g., manufacture of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA) dispersant manufacture; 2) the molecular weight—viscosity relationships of the two materials may also be somewhat different.[1]

Applications
Industrial product applications include, sealants, adhesives, extenders for putties used for sealing roofs and windows, coatings, polymer modification, tackified polyethylene films, personal care, polybutene emulsions. Hydrogenated polybutenes are used in a wide variety of cosmetic preparations, such as lipstick and lip gloss. It is used in adhesives owing to its tackiness. Polybutene finds a niche use in bird and squirrel repellents and is ubiquitous as the active agent in mouse and insect "sticky traps."[2]

An important physical property is that higher molecular weight grades thermally degrade to lower-molecular weight polybutenes; those evaporate as well as degrade to butene monomers which can also evaporate.[3] This depolymerization mechanism which allows clean and complete volatization is in contrast to mineral oils which leave gum and sludge or thermoplastics which melt and spread. The property is very valuable for a variety of applications. For smoke inhibition in two stroke engine fuels, the lubricant can degrade at temperatures below the combustion temperature. For electrical lubricants and carriers which might be subject to overheating or fires, polybutene does not result in increased insulation (accelerating the overheating) or conductive carbon deposits.

Polybutylene

Polybutene is an oily odorless colorless liquid. Floats on water

Polybutylene
Polybutene-1.svg
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), POLYBUTENE
Identifiers
CAS Number    
9003-28-5 check
ChemSpider    
none
ECHA InfoCard    100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)    
DTXSID00904731 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
Chemical formula    (C4H8)n
Density    0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point    135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds    1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒ verify (what is check☒ ?)
Infobox references
Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), POLYBUTENE) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (C4H8)n. It should not be confused with polybutene, a low molecular weight oligomer.

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts. POLYBUTENE is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. POLYBUTENE combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

POLYBUTENE, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Synthesis
Isotactic POLYBUTENE is synthesized commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[2] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[3][4][5]

Characteristics
Heated up to 190 °C and above, POLYBUTENE can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubious – discuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, POLYBUTENE has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[6] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[2][7]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

POLYBUTENE generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[2] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[6] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[6]

Elastic modulus 290–295 MPa
Tensile strength 36.5 MPa
Molecular weight 725,000 (g/mol)
Crystallinity 48–55%
Water absorption <0.03%
Glass transition temperature –25 to –17 °C [2][6]
Thermal conductivity 0.22 W/(m·K)
Application areas
Piping systems
The main use of POLYBUTENE is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of POLYBUTENE piping systems.[8] The most striking features are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

POLYBUTENE piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but POLYBUTENE piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, POLYBUTENE piping systems have a strong position.[7]

Plastic packaging
Several POLYBUTENE grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

Peelable easy-to-open packaging where POLYBUTENE is used as blend component predominantly in polyethyelene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending POLYBUTENE into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.
Hot melt adhesives
POLYBUTENE is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[9]

Compounding and masterbatches
POLYBUTENE accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. POLYBUTENE disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Other applications
Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity
Plumbing and heating systems made from POLYBUTENE have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[7]

One example is the installation of POLYBUTENE pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[7]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from POLYBUTENE used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[7]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage
Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[10][11] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[12]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by United States building codes and have been the subject[13] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[14][15] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[16]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[17] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to through perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[18]

See also
Forensic engineering
Forensic polymer engineering
Polymer degradation
Polybutylene terephthalate

What Is It?
Polybutene is a light colored, nondrying, sticky liquid. In cosmetics and personal care products, it is used in the formulation of lipstick, eye makeup and skin care products.
 

Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
Polybutene functions as a binder, epilating agent and viscosity increasing agent - nonaqueous.
 

Scientific Facts: 
Polybutene is the polymer formed by the polymerization of a mixture of isobutenes and normal butenes. The viscosity of Polybutene increases in direct proportion to increasing chain length.POLYBUTENE
POLYBUTENE is classified as :
Binding
Viscosity controlling
CAS Number    9003-28-5
COSING REF No:    78566
Chem/IUPAC Name:    1-Butene, homopolymer. Modifying Processing Characteristics: Modifiers and Processing Aids
John Murphy, in Additives for Plastics Handbook (Second Edition), 2001
 

16.2.4 Polybutene
Polybutenes (which have been used for many years as modifiers and extenders in butyl rubber) are now showing significant advantages in plastics, including polyethylene, polystyrene, and ABS. They have inherent tackiness, chemical and oxidative stability, and low permeability and also exhibit excellent colour and colour stability and are virtually non-toxic. Improvement in impact strength is also given to ABS, where low molecular weight polybutenes give best results. They can also be used in thermoplastic elastomers
 

In polypropylene/ethylene-propylene elastomer blends, polybutene modifiers give flexible compounds with good impact strength and processability. A study by Amoco showed that, at a level of about 50% elastomer content, there is no break impact at -20°C while flexural modulus values are high and melt flow is 80-100% higher than the unmodified blends (contributing to better processability). Polybutene tends to reduce the tensile strength, heat distortion temperature, and hardness of the blends, but compounds have a good general balance of properties. Potential applications include flexible automotive components such as airbag door covers and mudguards, gasketing, and wire jacketing and also the replacement of plasticized PVC in toys, sporting goods, tools, and other consumer items.34.8 Polybutylene (PB) Materials
Polybutylene base polymers are semi-crystalline isotactic thermoplastic polyolefins. They are derived from the polymerization of butene-1 monomer with or without other alpha-olefin monomers utilizing Ziegler-Natta type of catalyst. Their unique crystallization behavior means longer open times of adhesive and sealant formulations compared to other commonly used polymers such as polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Polybutylene (PB), also called polybutene-1 or poly-1-butene, is different from polybutenes or polyisobutylenes (PIB). PIB are amorphous and rubbery, and come in the form of a viscous liquid or big hard block (6 in. in length and width or could be higher). PB base polymers are supplied in the form of small pellets (about 1/4 in. in diameter) or nibs.POLYBUTENE
Description
Polymerized butylenes that are viscous, non-drying liquid polymers with great product versatility.
Advantages
Non-toxic, non-drying, lubricity, imparts tackiness or adhesion, corrosion protection, burns without residue, good thermal stability, and superior dielectric properties.
End Uses
Raw material for ashless dispersants, fuel and gasoline additives, lubricants, caulks, sealants, adhesives, blown stretch film, dielectric fluids, cosmetics and personal care.
 

POLYBUTENE APPLICATIONS
Additives/Components >

Adhesives/Sealants/Coatings >
Agriculture >
Blown/Cast Stretch Cling Film >
Caulks and Sealants >
Cosmetics and Personal Care >
Detergents/Dispersants >
Diesel Engine Additives >
Engine, Gear and Motor Oils >
Food Contact Applications >
Greases >
 

INDOPOL POLYBUTENES
Indopol polybutenes are synthetic hydrocarbon polymers made by polymerization of C4 olefins (primarily isobutene) and are available in a wide range of viscosities. By controlling the polymerization conditions, polymer chains of different lengths are manufactured giving a wide range of polybutene grades having different physical properties. Short chain-length polybutenes are free-flowing; medium chain-length polybutenes are sticky with a honey-like consistency, while those with the longest chain length are very tacky, semi-solid materials.
Indopol polybutenes have many useful properties, including:
 

Permanently non-drying
Colorless (water white) and non-staining
Soluble in a wide range of organic solvents
Compatible with a wide range of organic materials
Completely hydrophobic
Tacky
Emulsifiable
Excellent electrical insulators
Good lubricants
Non-corrosive
Practically non-toxic and non-phytotoxic
Stable to light and air (i.e. oxidatively stable) under ambient conditions
Reactive by virtue of their olefinic end-group
Very low moisture transmission rates
Low to negligible evaporation loss at ambient temperature
High Viscosity Indices
Low Pour Points
Complete depolymerization at elevated temperature leaving no residues
MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS
Indopol polybutenes are uniquely versatile polymers. Their combination of properties makes them ideal for a wide range of applications, such as lubricants, adhesives, rubber modification, sealants/caulks/putties, tackified PE stretch cling film, polymer modification, paints and coatings, personal care and cosmetics, agriculture and polybutene emulsions.
Adhesives
Indopol® polybutenes are key components in many pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA), hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives (HMPSA) and hot-melt adhesives (HMA). Polybutenes can plasticize, tackify, and extend many base elastomers, enhancing many adhesive properties and offering performance improvements over mineral/process oils. 
Rubber
Indopol® polybutenes are used as extenders and plasticizers for a variety of vulcanized and other elastomers while offering performance improvements over mineral/process oils. Polybutenes are compatible with many types of rubber, including butyl and natural rubber, styrenic block copolymers (SEBS, SIS, SBS), EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, bromo- and chloro-butyl rubber, and polyisobutylene.
Lubricants
Indopol® polybutenes are clear, pure, synthetic hydrocarbon polymers that contain no additives or aromatic compounds. Polybutenes are widely used in many automotive and industrial oil applications, replacing bright stocks and mineral oils. The performance improvements achieved with Indopol polybutenes can be attributed to their unique physical properties and wide viscosity ranges.
Sealants / caulks / putties
Indopol® polybutene plasticizes, extends and adds tack to a variety of elastomer-based caulks and sealants, resulting in softer, more easily extruded products. Polybutenes can contribute desirable properties and performance benefits when used as partial replacements for drying oils and/or solvents in sealant and putty formulations.
Tackified polyethylene (pe) stretch / cling film
Indopol polybutenes are ideally suited as tackifiers and cling agents for linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blown and cast films. Polybutenes can be employed in the production of LLDPE/polybutene masterbatches or more typically added directly to the LLDPE during the film extrusion process. The major areas of application for tackified LLDPE film are bale silage wrap, pallet stretch wrap, and hand/domestic food cling wrap. Films tackified with Indopol polybutene exhibit good clarity, durability and cling properties.
Polymer Modification
Indopol polybutenes can plasticize and modify many physical properties of thermoplastic polymers. Examples include polypropylene, high impact polystyrene, polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, and thermoplastic polyolefins and elastomers. Thermoplastics modified with Indopol polybutenes provide improved performance in many diverse applications like consumer products, automotive, appliance and business machines. Indopol polybutenes also meet the composition requirements of Title 21 of the code of Federal Regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other applicable regulations which allows for use in food packaging products.
Paints and Coatings
Indopol polybutenes are used as components in many special purpose paints and coatings. They can contribute performance advantages to coatings for porous substrates such as wood, concrete and stucco, as well as masonry paints/coatings. The addition of polybutene can also benefit thermoplastic road marking paints, anticorrosion and emulsion paints, conventional gloss paints and undercoats and ceramic, aluminum or high temperature paints. Polybutenes can also be emulsified for use in water-based systems, replacing systems with volatile solvents.
Personal Care and Cosmetics
Indopol polybutenes are used in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products. They are pure, clear, non-comedogenic, non-irritating, hydrophobic, non-drying, synthetic liquid polymers that can be easily emulsified. By virtue of their unique properties, polybutenes can replace mineral oils, providing an upgrade in product quality and performance. The Personal Care Products Council INCI name for INEOS Indopol polybutenes is 'Polybutene'.Specifications:
Appearance: Clear liquid
pH: not determined.
Solubility in water: negligible, below 0.1%.
Specific gravity (water=1): 0.89
Viscosity: 196-233cst at 210°f (99°c)
Pour point: 20°f (-6.7°c)
Storage / Shelf Life: Store in cool, dry place.
Polybutene
* A thickening agent
Polybutene is a oligomeric oil, sometimes derived from petroleum, that is used in its hydrogenated form in cosmetics and beauty products, primarily in lipsticks and balms, as a binder, epilating agent, thickener and lubricant (Wikipedia). It is naturally tacky or sticky and is also used for its adhesive properties, according to research. There is little detailed information available regarding the use of Polybutene in cosmetics, although it is widely used and thought to be a versatile, effective ingredient.Functions:
Polybutene is a oligomeric oil, sometimes derived from petroleum, that is used in its hydrogenated form in cosmetics and beauty products, primarily in lipsticks and balms, as a binder, epilating agent, thickener and lubricant . It is naturally tacky or sticky and is also used for its adhesive properties, according to research. There is little detailed information available regarding the use of Polybutene in cosmetics, although it is widely used and thought to be a versatile, effective ingredient.
 
Safety Measures/Side Effects:
The Cosmetic Database finds Polybutene to be a low hazard ingredient and notes low incidents of skin, eye and lung irritation in regards to its use. It is FDA and CIR approved for use

Molecular Weight of polybutene:    112.21 g/mol    Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of polybutene:        0    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of polybutene:        0    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Rotatable Bond Count of polybutene:        1    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Exact Mass of polybutene:        112.125201 g/mol    Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Monoisotopic Mass of polybutene:        112.125201 g/mol    Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Topological Polar Surface Area of polybutene:        0 Ų    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Heavy Atom Count of polybutene:        8    Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge of polybutene:        0    Computed by PubChem
Complexity of polybutene:        29.2    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Isotope Atom Count of polybutene:        0    Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of polybutene:        0    Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of polybutene:        0    Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of polybutene:        1    Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of polybutene:        0    Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of polybutene:        2    Computed by PubChem
Compound  of polybutene Is Canonicalized    Yes