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Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride, known in Turkish as polidialildimetilamonyum klorür, is a synthetic cationic polyelectrolyte obtained by the free-radical cyclopolymerization of diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomer, carrying a quaternary ammonium group in each repeat unit. Identified by CAS No 26062-79-3 and represented by the formula (C₈H₁₆NCl)ₙ, this polymer is also known in the cosmetics field as Polyquaternium-6 or PQ-6. Commercially it is mostly sold as a viscous aqueous solution, colorless to light yellow, containing roughly 10–50% solids by weight; powder grades are also available. The five-membered pyrrolidinium rings repeating along the polymer chain give the structure both a high charge density and chemical stability.
Because PolyDADMAC is a polymer that is completely soluble in water and carries a high positive charge in solution, it neutralizes negatively charged colloidal particles, dissolved organic matter and anionic contaminants and thus acts as a primary organic coagulant or a coagulant aid. This property makes possible turbidity and color removal in drinking water and wastewater treatment, retention of anionic contamination and resin particles on the fiber in papermaking, fixation of anionic dyes in textile finishing, control of clay swelling in oil fields and settling of fine particles in mining. In hair care products, it is considered a component that reduces static electricity, improves combability and forms a thin film. Thanks to its quaternary structure, which contains no ester or amide bonds, it is also resistant to high pH and oxidizing environments.
A cationic polyelectrolyte polymer is not a single uniform product. The average molecular weight can vary from a few thousand g/mol up to one million g/mol and above depending on the product class; solids content, viscosity, pH, and low-molecular-weight impurities such as residual monomer and dimethylamine affect the performance in the application and the safety profile. Products to be used in drinking water treatment must comply with the relevant standards and certification requirements, and in cosmetic use with cosmetic grade and the INCI name. For this reason, the product should not be selected on the basis of its name alone; the grade code, technical data sheet, safety data sheet and batch certificate of analysis should be evaluated together. Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride can be supplied by ATAMAN KİMYA; for product selection, technical information and supply requests, it is recommended to contact ATAMAN KİMYA.
WHAT IS POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE?
Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polidialildimetilamonyum klorür in Turkish) is the homopolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomer. The monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt, obtained from the reaction of two moles of allyl chloride with dimethylamine, that is very soluble in water; during polymerization, the two allyl double bonds in the monomer act together to form five-membered rings along the chain. In industry, this polymer is known by names such as polyDDA, Poly-DMDAAC or Polyquaternium-6, and it belongs to the class of polymers called “polyelectrolytes”, which carry many charged groups along the chain.
The scientific history of the polymer goes back to the 1950s.
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymers were first prepared and studied in 1957 by Prof. George Butler. This work is noteworthy because it showed that a monomer carrying more than one vinyl group can give a largely linear, water-soluble polymer instead of a crosslinked, insoluble network. This mechanism is called Butler’s cyclopolymerization in the literature. For a long time it was thought that a six-membered ring was formed; however, later structural analyses, particularly ¹³C NMR studies, showed that the kinetically more probable five-membered pyrrolidinium ring is the dominant structure.
The most distinctive feature of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is that each repeat unit carries one positive charge. As a result, the charge density in solution is very high, and the polymer shows strong electrostatic attraction to negatively charged surfaces, particles and anionic molecules. This effect appears as charge neutralization in water treatment, as binding of anionic contaminants in papermaking, and as adsorption onto the negatively charged hair surface in hair care. Because the charge originates from the positive quaternary nitrogen, it does not disappear when the pH of the solution changes; this is one of the points on which it differs from many amine-based polymers.
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride can be produced in a wide range of molecular weights. Industry sources state that the molecular weights of products intended for water treatment are generally in the hundreds of thousands, and in some products exceed one million. Laboratory and specialty catalogs also list solutions of much lower molecular weight, around 8,500, and powder products with a molecular weight of around 240,000. Polyamines obtained by the condensation of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine, on the other hand, are generally cationic coagulants of lower molecular weight, and together with Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride they form the most widely used class of synthetic organic coagulants.
It is important not to confuse products that are related to Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride but different from it. The monomer diallyldimethylammonium chloride, with CAS number 7398-69-8, is a separate, unpolymerized chemical. The copolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride with acrylamide has different properties from the homopolymer; this copolymer, with CAS number 26590-05-6, is associated in cosmetics with the class called Polyquaternium-7. For this reason, whether the product is a homopolymer, a copolymer or a monomer must always be clarified in the ordering and quotation process.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride
Polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride
Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)
Poly(N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride homopolymer
Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer
Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride polymer
Polymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride
PolyDADMAC
PDADMAC
Poly-DADMAC
Poly(DADMAC)
DADMAC homopolymer
PDDA
PolyDDA
Poly-DMDAAC
PDMDAAC
Poly(DMDAAC)
Polyquaternium-6
PQ-6
Cationic polyelectrolyte
Cationic polymer
Cationic coagulant
Quaternary ammonium polymer
PolyDADMAC coagulant
(C₈H₁₆NCl)ₙ
Some of these names refer to chemical designation, some to abbreviations, and some to cosmetic and commercial use. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) are different spellings of the same polymer; PolyDADMAC and PDADMAC are common abbreviations. Polyquaternium-6 is the INCI name used in cosmetic products. Catalogs and supplier lists also contain various trade names and product codes for this polymer; names such as Merquat 100, Cat-Floc, Agefloc, Floquat, Percol and Polymer 261 / CP 261LV are examples encountered in this context. Trade names belong to the respective manufacturers, and it should not be assumed that every name indicates the same molecular weight or the same solids content.
The similarity of product names can be misleading. Names such as “polyamine”, “Epi-DMA”, “cationic polyacrylamide” and “Polyquaternium-7” also describe cationic polymers; however, they are not the same substance as Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride. In addition, because the name DADMAC is used in some sources as an abbreviation for both the monomer and the polymer, the CAS number and the product description should be checked together in documents.
CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Product name: Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride / Polidialildimetilamonyum Klorür
Common abbreviation: PolyDADMAC / PDADMAC
Chemical name: Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), diallyldimethylammonium chloride homopolymer
INCI name: Polyquaternium-6
CAS No: 26062-79-3
EC / EINECS No: No verified EC / EINECS number was identified in this study; polymers may not have a classical EINECS registration. The EC or list number of the product should be verified from the supplier’s SDS document
Molecular formula: (C₈H₁₆NCl)ₙ
Molecular weight: Repeat unit about 161.67 g/mol; the average molecular weight of the polymer varies from a few thousand g/mol to about one million g/mol depending on the product class
Chemical class: Quaternary ammonium-based cationic polyelectrolyte / synthetic organic coagulant
Main functions: Coagulant and flocculation aid, anionic contaminant scavenger and fixative, antistatic agent, film former, hair conditioner, clay stabilizer
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is a homopolymer whose composition is based on a single repeat unit; however, as with other polymers, it does not have a single molecular weight. Products sold under the same CAS number can differ significantly from one another in terms of molecular weight distribution, solids content, viscosity and impurity profile. The CAS number is therefore necessary to match the product with the right substance, but on its own it does not show the technical suitability of the product.
For cosmetic use, the INCI name is Polyquaternium-6. The existence of an INCI name does not mean that the product can be used freely in every cosmetic formulation; usage conditions and quality requirements must be checked in the current cosmetic legislation. No INS or E number defined for it as a food additive was identified in this study.
The theoretical charge density can be calculated from the molecular weight of the repeat unit. Because each repeat unit carries one positive charge, for a repeat unit of about 161.67 g/mol the theoretical charge density on a dry polymer basis is about 6.2 milliequivalents per gram. In commercial solutions this value decreases according to the solids content and the amount of residual salt; the actual cationic demand in an application is measured by titration methods.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
The backbone of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride consists of successive N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium rings formed by the cyclopolymerization of diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomer. In the monomer, two methyl and two allyl groups are bonded to the nitrogen atom.
In polymerization, a radical adds to the double bond of one of the allyl groups; the resulting radical chain end reacts intramolecularly with the second allyl double bond of the same molecule, closing the ring, and then adds to a new monomer to continue the chain. As a result, the rings along the chain are linked to one another by methylene bridges, and each ring contains a permanently positively charged quaternary nitrogen. This structure is commonly called the five-membered pyrrolidinium structure; the six-membered piperidinium structure is not dominant.
The chemical character of the molecule can be summarized by the following features:
• Ionic character: The polymer chain is a polycation, and the chloride ions are the counterions. The substance is therefore very soluble in water and shows high ionic conductivity in solution.
• Permanent charge: The nitrogen atom is in the quaternary form, bonded to four carbon atoms, and does not accept or donate protons. The charge is largely independent of the pH of the solution.
• Hydrolysis resistance: The structure contains no ester or amide bonds. The backbone consists of carbon–carbon bonds and the carbon–nitrogen bonds within the ring; the polymer is therefore more stable than ester-based quaternary compounds that hydrolyze in alkaline media.
• Oxidation and chlorine resistance: Industry sources state that Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride shows good resistance to chlorine and other oxidizing disinfectants compared with many cationic polymers. This is one of the reasons why PQ-6 is preferred in hair care products such as high-pH and oxidizing bleaches, dyes, straighteners and perms.
• Linear, unbranched structure: Standard Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is largely linear. Because the positive charges repel one another, it is difficult to crosslink by radiation; crosslinked or branched derivatives are prepared by separate synthesis methods, for example with a multifunctional comonomer or with a radical initiator after polymerization, and are used in special applications.
• Solubility and polarity: Because the polymer is a highly polar salt, it mixes with water in all proportions; it has also been reported to dissolve in some polar solvents such as methanol. It does not dissolve in nonpolar organic solvents.
• Complex formation with anionic substances: The cationic chain can form insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes with anionic surfactants and anionic polymers. This property is useful for coagulation and fixation; however, it can also cause undesirable precipitation in formulations.
Molecular weight is one of the most important structural parameters determining the behavior of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride. Products of low molecular weight give solutions of lower viscosity and are used more for charge neutralization; in products of high molecular weight, as the chain length increases, the contribution of bridging between particles and floc growth increases. At the same solids content, the solution viscosity of high-molecular-weight products is markedly higher.
For example, for products with about 40% solids, some suppliers state a viscosity of about 1,000–3,000 cP, and for PQ-6 raw materials used in cosmetic products, industry sources state ranges of about 7,000–12,000 cP; the actual value is given in the TDS of each product.
In addition to the polymer chains, commercial Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride solutions may contain small amounts of low-molecular-weight fractions and by-products such as residual monomer and dimethylamine. Even though these components are present in small amounts, they are important for product quality, particularly in drinking water treatment and cosmetic use.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is most often found as a viscous aqueous solution, colorless to light yellow, with a faint odor or no odor. Dried powder grades also exist; these may be hygroscopic. The values below are for general introductory purposes for commercial products in aqueous solution form and are not a binding specification.
General technical specifications:
Physical appearance: Colorless to light yellow, viscous aqueous solution; powder grades are also available
Chemical character: Quaternary ammonium-based, strongly cationic polyelectrolyte
Molecular formula: (C₈H₁₆NCl)ₙ
Molecular weight: Repeat unit about 161.67 g/mol; for the polymer, from several thousand to about one million depending on the product
CAS No: 26062-79-3
Purity (assay): The solids content is stated instead of a percentage of pure substance; in commercial products it is generally about 10–50% by weight, commonly found at levels of 20%, 28%, 35–40% and 40%
Density: Reported as approximately 1.03–1.09 g/mL for aqueous solutions, depending on the supplier and concentration
Water solubility: Miscible with water in all proportions; the viscosity decreases as the product in solution is diluted
pH (aqueous solution): Depends on the product and concentration; for example, about 5.0–7.0 is reported for a product with 40% solids and about 3.0–7.0 for a 20% product
Decomposition: According to one supplier, it decomposes at about 280–300 °C; in case of fire or overheating, gases such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride may be released
Reactivity: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents; may form precipitates with anionic surfactants and anionic polymers; in waters containing chloramine, it can contribute to the formation of dimethylamine and N-nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA for short; some SDS documents recommend avoiding contact with iron, steel, copper, copper alloys and aluminum
The physical properties of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride depend largely on the solids content and molecular weight of the product. As the solids content increases, the density and viscosity of the solution rise; at the same solids content, viscosity increases far more markedly as molecular weight increases. For this reason, two different products with 40% solids may differ greatly from one another in viscosity, pumpability and dosing behavior.
When the product has a high viscosity, the dosing pump, pipe diameter and dilution system should be designed accordingly.
The freezing point of the solution is slightly lower than that of water; one supplier reports a value of approximately −2.8 °C. Even so, it is recommended to protect the product from freezing and from excessive heat. Because excessively diluted solutions may be susceptible to microbial contamination over time, it is good practice not to keep them waiting for long after preparation.
Parameters such as active oxygen, bulk density, moisture, iron, heavy metal and chloride content carry different meanings for Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride depending on the product class. Chloride is the counterion of the polymer and is part of the structure; heavy metal and other impurity limits, on the other hand, are specified by the manufacturer only for special grades such as drinking water, cosmetic or sensitive process grades. For these values, therefore, the current TDS and COA of the product should be consulted.
HOW DOES POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
The action of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride should be understood in two separate contexts: how the polymer is formed, that is, the synthesis mechanism, and how it interacts with charged surfaces once formed.
In terms of synthesis, the polymer forms in aqueous medium under the action of free radical initiators. Peroxide- or persulfate-based initiators transfer a radical to the monomer; the radical formed adds to the allyl double bond of the monomer, intramolecular ring closure then takes place, and chain growth continues.
To obtain a high molecular weight polymer, a highly concentrated aqueous solution of the monomer, mostly 40% or above, is generally used. Since heat and mass transfer become difficult in this viscous medium, the molecular weight is controlled by the initiator amount and the feed profile; for example, the patent literature describes reaching the target molecular weight by stopping the persulfate feed.
In terms of application, its main function is interaction with charged surfaces. Clay, silt, algae, bacteria and organic matter in water and wastewater, for example humic and fulvic acids, are mostly negatively charged; this charge causes the particles to repel one another and remain suspended. When Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is added to the solution, the positively charged chains adsorb onto the surface of these particles and act through the following mechanisms:
• Charge neutralization: The positive charge of the polymer reduces the negative surface charge of the particle; electrostatic repulsion weakens and the particles can approach one another.
• Patch effect: The polymer with high charge density creates positively charged regions on the particle surface; these regions combine with the negative regions of the neighboring particle and bring about clustering.
• Bridging and sweeping: As molecular weight increases, the polymer chains can link more than one particle together; the large flocs formed drag small particles along as they settle. In some applications, high molecular weight Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is described as increasing the settling rate mostly through this sweeping effect.
• Removal of organic matter: At high concentrations, the polymer can bind humic and fulvic acids and thereby reduce color and disinfection by-product precursors. One study reported that enhanced coagulation carried out with Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride was effective for the removal of high molecular weight humic and tannic acids and markedly reduced the amount of alum required for the same turbidity target.
In papermaking, the same interaction targets the anionic colloidal and dissolved substances that circulate in the system together with cellulose fibers and fillers. Sticky particles from wood resin, latex binders from recycled and coated broke, and other anionic contaminants raise the cationic demand. By fixing these substances onto the fiber through charge neutralization, Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride reduces deposit formation on the machine and the impairment of additive performance.
In hair care, the positive charge of the polymer is attracted to the negatively charged surface of keratin. By forming a thin film on the surface, it reduces static charge and improves combability. The same high charge density also creates a risk of precipitation when used together with anionic surfactants; for this reason, component compatibility and order of addition should be carefully evaluated in formulations containing PQ-6.
In oilfield applications, the cationic chains of the polymer bind to the negatively charged surface of clay minerals and thereby limit the swelling and dispersion of clays with water; in textiles, it forms water-insoluble complexes with anionic dye molecules and helps fix the dye on the fibers. These applications are described in supplier and industry sources; performance varies according to the chemistry of the system.
The action of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is not determined by the structure of the polymer alone. The pH of the water, its salinity, the type of organic matter, temperature, mixing conditions, inorganic coagulants used together with it such as alum, iron or polyaluminum chloride, and the dosing point of the polymer all influence the results. For this reason, the appropriate dose and product class are generally determined by laboratory work such as jar tests, zeta potential or cationic demand measurement.
IN WHICH SECTORS IS POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE USED?
Thanks to its high cationic charge density, easy solubility in water and chemical stability, Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is used mainly in sectors where negatively charged particles and anionic substances need to be controlled. The purpose of use varies according to the molecular weight, solids content and quality grade of the product.
Main areas of use:
• Drinking water treatment: As a primary or auxiliary coagulant in coagulation and flocculation, for the removal of turbidity, color and organic matter
• Domestic and industrial wastewater treatment: Removal of suspended solids, oil and anionic contaminants; reduction of sludge volume
• Paper and pulp: Control of anionic contamination and resin/sticky particles; fixing of the latex in coated broke onto the fiber
• Textile: Fixation of anionic dyes; use as a formaldehyde-free fixative, according to supplier information
• Oil and gas: Clay stabilizer in drilling and acid fracturing fluids, cationic modification in injection water, oil-water separation and crude oil dehydration applications
• Mining and mineral processing: Settling of fine-grained suspensions and tailings, dewatering of coal refuse
• Cosmetics and personal care: Antistatic, film-forming and conditioning component under the name Polyquaternium-6 in hair care products; use in nail care products has also been reported
• Coating, surface treatment and research: Coating and surface modification applications requiring cationic surface functionality, polyelectrolyte multilayer films and laboratory work
Water treatment is the most widespread and best-established area of use of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride. The paper industry is the second important area because of the polymer’s effect on machine efficiency and product quality. Each sector has different expectations. The drinking water treatment operator may focus on low residual monomer and compliance with standards, the paper producer on cationic demand reduction efficiency and cost, the cosmetic manufacturer on regulation-compliant documentation and formulation compatibility, and the oilfield operator on performance under brine conditions.
It cannot be said that all the sectors in this list are suitable for every product class. For example, the impurity profile and certification of a grade designed for drinking water may differ from those of a grade prepared for industrial wastewater; for cosmetic use, separate grades and documents are required.
IS POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE USED IN COSMETIC, FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
Cosmetic applications
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is a component used in cosmetic products under the INCI name Polyquaternium-6. It appears in the European Commission’s CosIng database with an antistatic function; the cosmetic ingredient database Cosmile Europe, for its part, states the film-forming function of this ingredient and its common presence in hair and nail care products.
The positive charge of the polymer enables adsorption onto the hair surface; this effect reduces static electricity, improves the combability of the hair and leaves a thin film on the surface. It can be considered as a conditioning agent in both rinse-off and leave-on hair and skin care formulations.
The distinguishing feature of PQ-6 is its chemical stability. Because it contains no ester or amide bond in its structure, it can remain intact at high pH and in oxidizing media; for this reason it may be preferred in alkaline or oxidizing products such as bleaches, hair dyes, straighteners and perms. On the other hand, because of its high charge density it can form insoluble complexes with anionic surfactants and anionic polymers; the risk of precipitation should be taken into account in combinations with such components.
In terms of safety, the evaluation of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panel reports that Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride was found safe in the present practices of use and concentrations in cosmetics and does not cause marked irritation on the skin. Nevertheless, the product to be used in cosmetic applications must be of cosmetic grade, documented, and have a low residual monomer and impurity profile.
The permitted conditions of use in cosmetic formulations, labeling and the safety assessment of the final product should be checked against current legislation and with the person responsible for the product. Grades produced for industrial or water treatment purposes should not be used directly as cosmetic raw materials.
Food applications
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is not a component used as a food additive; no INS or E number assigned to it was encountered in this research. Its relationship with the food sector is indirect and arises in two areas.
The first is drinking water treatment: Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is a process chemical used in the treatment of water intended for human consumption. For this use, in Europe the EN 1408 standard, in its current 2023 edition, defines the characteristics, requirements and test methods of the product; in the USA, there are certified product lists under NSF/ANSI/CAN 60, and maximum dose limits are stated for certified products.
The second is papermaking: since the polymer is used on the paper machine as a process chemical, in paper and board products that will come into contact with food, the compliance of the final material with food contact legislation must be evaluated separately.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
The industrial use of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride rests on a common principle: the neutralization, retention or settling of negatively charged substances. The main applications are discussed below in terms of purpose, function and limitations.
Drinking water and wastewater treatment
The purpose is the removal of clay, algae, bacteria, colloidal organic matter and color suspended in water.
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is mostly used as a primary or auxiliary coagulant, together with or in place of inorganic coagulants such as alum, ferric chloride or polyaluminum chloride. Because it is an organic coagulant, it can generate less sludge than inorganic coagulants and affects the pH and alkalinity of the water less; for this reason it may be preferred in low-alkalinity waters and in plants where the sludge quantity is important. At high concentrations it can bind humic substances and reduce color and disinfection by-product precursors.
The main limitation is that in systems disinfected with chloramine, the polymer can be a precursor of NDMA. This topic is covered separately in the section “Points to Note in the Use of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride.”
In addition, overdosing can reverse the surface charge of the particles, leading to restabilization and increased turbidity; for this reason, jar testing and cationic demand measurement are important in determining the dose.
Paper and pulp industry
The purpose is to control the anionic contamination and sticky particles that accumulate in the wet end of the paper machine.
Wood resin, pitch from mechanical pulp and latex from recycled coated broke circulate in the system as colloidal and dissolved anionic substances; they raise the cationic demand and can form deposits on the machine fabric or rolls.
By fixing these substances onto the fiber, Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride lowers filtrate turbidity and helps preserve the effectiveness of additives such as sizing agents, retention aids and starch. In the patent literature, in addition to low molecular weight linear products, crosslinked or branched Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chlorides are also seen to have been developed for pitch control. Some suppliers also recommend the product as a cure accelerator for alkyl ketene dimer sizing agents.
Limitations include the anionic/cationic balance on the paper machine, the impairment of the effect of other additives when the polymer is overdosed, and the accumulation of the cationic polymer in the closed water circuit. In comparison with Epi-DMA polyamines, there are patent sources reporting the performance superiority of diallyldimethylammonium chloride-based polymers in coated broke applications; however, the result varies according to the product and the stock system.
Textile finishing
The purpose is to increase the wet fastness of fabrics dyed with anionic dyes such as direct and reactive dyes.
The cationic polymer forms a water-insoluble complex with the dye and reduces the bleeding of the dye in washing. According to supplier information, Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is used for this purpose as a formaldehyde-free fixative and at the same time imparts antistatic properties. Application conditions depend on the fabric type, dye class and treatment method; for this reason, performance and fastness values should be verified by trials.
Oil and gas field
The purpose is to limit the swelling and dispersion of formation clays during drilling, acid fracturing and water injection, and to facilitate the separation of produced water from oil.
The cationic chains of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride bind to clay surfaces and thereby provide this effect; in the dewatering of oily wastewater and crude oil, it also helps anionically charged fine particles and emulsion droplets to coalesce through electrical neutralization and bridging mechanisms. Temperature, salinity and compatibility with other field chemicals determine performance; for this reason, a preliminary trial under field conditions is necessary.
Mining and mineral processing
The purpose is the rapid settling of fine-grained minerals and process tailings and their separation from the liquid.
Homopolymers and copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride are among the polymers used as coagulants in the dewatering of coal refuse. The mineral type, pH and the flocculants used together with it, mostly anionic or cationic polyacrylamides, influence the result.
Personal care and cosmetics
The details of cosmetic use are given in the section “Cosmetic, Food and Pharmaceutical Applications.” The point that matters from an industrial standpoint is that the difference between cosmetic grade and industrial grade lies in the documentation, residual monomer and impurity profile.
Coating, surface treatment and research
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is used as a research material in coating and surface treatment formulations to create cationic functionality on a surface, and in polyelectrolyte multilayer film studies. Laboratory suppliers offer products of different molecular weights for these purposes. Most of these uses are of a research and specialty application nature.
POINTS TO NOTE IN THE USE OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
In the use of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride, the quality of the product, application conditions, formulation compatibility and environmental considerations should be evaluated together.
Main points to be considered in use:
• A grade appropriate for the intended use should be selected. Different molecular weights, solids contents and documentation may be required for drinking water, wastewater, paper, textile, cosmetic and research.
• Molecular weight and solids content should be evaluated together. Two products with the same solids content can show very different viscosity and performance.
• The dose should be calculated not on the product quantity alone but on the active polymer; the dose should be determined by laboratory and field trials.
• Overdosing should be avoided. Excess cationic polymer can turn the surface charge of particles positive and disrupt coagulation, and can leave residual polymer in the effluent.
• Appropriate dosing and dilution equipment should be used for the viscous product. Diluted solutions should be prepared with proper mixing and should not be kept waiting for long.
• The risk of precipitation with anionic surfactants and anionic polymers should be taken into account; especially in cosmetic and cleaning formulations, the order of addition and compatibility tests should be carried out.
• Contact with strong oxidizing agents should be avoided. Some SDS also state incompatibility with iron, steel, copper, copper alloys and aluminum; tank, pipe, pump and gasket materials should be selected according to the SDS.
• The product should be protected from freezing and excessive heat.
• In drinking water applications, the compliance of the product with the relevant standards and certificates, and the maximum dose and residual monomer limits, should be checked.
• In systems disinfected with chloramine, the risk of NDMA formation should be evaluated.
• Wastewater and environmental legislation should be taken into account, especially with regard to the effect of cationic polymers on aquatic organisms.
• The manufacturer’s TDS and SDS should be reviewed, and the COA and batch-based analysis results should be verified.
NDMA formation is the most debated topic regarding Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride in drinking water applications. NDMA is a disinfection by-product that can form during chloramine disinfection and is evaluated as a probable human carcinogen.
Studies have shown that Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride can be an NDMA precursor on contact with chloramine and that NDMA formation reaches its highest level at around pH 7. While the presence of bromide increased formation, the presence of natural organic matter reduced formation by about 40% in one study. Low molecular weight fractions below approximately 10 kDa and residual dimethylamine contribute disproportionately to NDMA formation.
It has been reported that with Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride purified by removing the low molecular weight fraction, NDMA formation was reduced by more than about half at pilot scale. For this reason, in plants that apply chloramine disinfection, products with lower residual monomer and dimethylamine, dose optimization and evaluation of the dosing point are recommended.
In terms of safety, Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride solutions are not classified as hazardous substances in the SDS of many suppliers; however, some SDS include the H412 statement indicating harm to aquatic life, and an H410 / H412 classification appears in some sources.
Cationic polymers in general can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms such as fish, invertebrates and algae; for this reason, uncontrolled discharge to the environment should be avoided. If the solution is spilled, the floor may become slippery; after a spill the product should be contained and collected with an absorbent material. This section has been prepared for general information purposes and does not replace the official SDS.
INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
The following examples are initial approaches prepared to show how Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride can be evaluated in the formulation and process development process. They are not validated commercial recipes, production instructions or regulation-compliant final formulas.
The ratios given are example starting levels for preliminary laboratory trials. The molecular weight, solids content and other raw materials of the product to be used can change the performance significantly. In every application, laboratory trials, performance tests, occupational safety and relevant regulatory checks should be carried out.
EXAMPLE 1: JAR TEST DOSE SCREENING WITH POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE IN DRINKING AND PROCESS WATER TREATMENT
Purpose: To determine the effect of the Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride dose on the removal of turbidity, color and organic matter, and its potential to reduce the amount of inorganic coagulant.
Starting approach:
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride stock solution, active polymer: approximately 0.1%
Demineralized water in the stock solution: approximately 99.9%
Dose screening, as active polymer: approximately 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L
Inorganic primary coagulant (alum or polyaluminum chloride): kept constant
Rapid and slow mixing times, pH: kept constant
Application approach:
The stock solution is prepared fresh in demineralized water.
Water samples whose turbidity, pH, alkalinity and organic matter content have been measured are placed in the jar test apparatus.
The inorganic coagulant is added during rapid mixing.
The calculated dose from the stock solution is added, followed by slow mixing and settling.
Turbidity, color, dissolved organic carbon, floc appearance, settling rate and sludge volume are measured.
It is checked whether turbidity rises again at overdose, and the most balanced dose is determined.
In drinking water, the compliance of the product with the relevant standards, certificates and maximum dose limits must be verified, and in systems disinfected with chloramine, the NDMA formation potential must be evaluated separately.
EXAMPLE 2: EVALUATION OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE FOR ANIONIC CONTAMINATION CONTROL IN PAPERMAKING
Purpose: To examine the effect of the poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) dose on cationic demand, filtrate turbidity and deposit tendency in a paper stock or recycled filtrate.
Starting approach:
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride stock solution, active polymer: approximately 0.1%
Demineralized water in the stock solution: approximately 99.9%
Stock or filtrate sample, pH, conductivity: kept constant
Application approach:
The stock solution is prepared fresh in demineralized water.
Different doses are added to the stock sample under mixing at the same addition point.
The filtrate is separated and the cationic demand and turbidity are measured.
Pitch and latex retention on the fiber, retention and drainage are evaluated.
The results are compared with the existing fixative program.
A machine trial is planned for the promising dose.
Excess cationic dose can impair the effect of wet-end additives; for papers that will come into contact with food, the compliance of the final product with food contact legislation must be evaluated separately.
EXAMPLE 3: EVALUATION OF THE POLYQUATERNIUM-6 RATIO IN A HAIR SHAMPOO FORMULATION
Purpose: To examine the effect of the PQ-6 ratio in a shampoo formulation on antistatic effect, combability and formulation stability.
Starting approach:
Sodium laureth sulfate (approximately 28% active solution): approximately 30.0%
Cocamidopropyl betaine (approximately 30% active solution): approximately 8.0%
Polyquaternium-6 (approximately 40% solution): approximately 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%
Sodium chloride: approximately 1.0%
Preservative: approximately 0.5%
Water, including citric acid for pH adjustment: remainder, approximately 60.0%, 59.5% and 59.0% respectively
Cosmetic grade raw materials should be used.
Application approach:
Water, sodium laureth sulfate and betaine are mixed until homogeneous.
Polyquaternium-6 is added slowly under mixing; if precipitation is observed, the order of addition is changed.
Sodium chloride and preservative are added, and the pH is adjusted with citric acid.
Clarity, precipitation, viscosity, pH and stability are evaluated.
On standard hair tresses, wet and dry combability, static charge, softness and shine are measured.
The results are compared with different PQ-6 ratios.
The safety assessment, labeling and regulatory compliance of the final product must be checked separately, and contact with eyes and skin should be avoided.
SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
An alternative to Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is not merely a matter of choosing another cationic polymer. In determining an alternative, the targeted process, charge density, molecular weight, chemistry of the water or stock, sludge quantity, regulatory requirements and cost should be evaluated together.
POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND EPICHLOROHYDRIN-DIMETHYLAMINE POLYAMINES
Epi-DMA polyamines are cationic coagulants obtained by the condensation of epichlorohydrin with dimethylamine. Together with Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride, they make up the most widespread class of synthetic organic coagulants. In patent sources, the molecular weight of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is generally described as ranging from hundreds of thousands to one million and above, and that of Epi-DMA as approximately 20,000–100,000. This difference may allow Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride to benefit more from bridging and sweeping effects, while polyamines work more through charge neutralization.
Both polymers can be NDMA precursors on contact with chloramine; in the supplementary data of one study, the NDMA formation potential of polyamines was reported to be markedly higher than that of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride. In papermaking, some patent data report that diallyldimethylammonium chloride-based polymers are more effective than Epi-DMA polymers in coated broke applications.
POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND INORGANIC COAGULANTS
Aluminum- and iron-based coagulants are still the most widespread options as primary coagulants in water treatment. When used together with these substances, Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride can reduce the required amount of inorganic coagulant; when used alone, it can lower the sludge volume and affects pH and alkalinity less.
Inorganic coagulants can generally have a lower unit cost and perform strongly at high turbidity; however, they produce more sludge and may require pH adjustment. The choice is made according to water quality, sludge management and total cost.
POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND CATIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE
Cationic polyacrylamides are very high molecular weight flocculants and are mostly used after coagulation to form and grow flocs. Their charge densities are generally lower than that of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride.
In a comparative study, cationic and nonionic polyacrylamides with higher molecular weight and lower charge density could not effectively remove organic precursors, unlike Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride, so the charge neutralization role of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride in coagulation came to the fore. Therefore, these two polymers are often used not in place of each other but together in sequence. In addition, copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride with acrylamide are associated with the class known in cosmetics as Polyquaternium-7 and have different properties.
POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND CHITOSAN
Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide of natural origin and is investigated as a coagulant in some water treatment applications. Its biological origin and biodegradability are advantages; however, its solubility generally depends on acidic pH, and it may be more expensive or variable than synthetic products. In comparative studies, it has been reported that coagulation efficiency is largely related to the charge density of the polymer.
POLYQUATERNIUM-6 AND OTHER CATIONIC POLYMERS IN COSMETICS
In cosmetics, cationic conditioning polymers such as Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-10, which is a quaternary cellulose derivative, and guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride are used with functions similar to PQ-6. While PQ-6 stands out with its high charge density and its stability in alkaline/oxidizing media, the other polymers offer different feel, conditioning level, surfactant compatibility and cost.
In selecting an alternative, performance, formulation compatibility, regulation and cost should be determined by comparative laboratory tests.
It should not be assumed that all these alternatives can replace Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride in every application.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
When purchasing Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride, it is not sufficient to decide on the basis of product name and price alone. Drinking water, wastewater, paper, textile, oilfield, cosmetic and research grades may differ in terms of molecular weight, solids content, impurity profile and documentation.
Information recommended for review before purchase:
• Product name, manufacturer and product code
• Whether the product is a homopolymer, a copolymer such as a diallyldimethylammonium chloride and acrylamide copolymer, or a monomer
• CAS number 26062-79-3 for the polymer and EC / list number information
• Product form: aqueous solution or powder
• Solids content
• Viscosity, together with measurement temperature and method
• Average molecular weight or molecular weight class; where necessary, intrinsic or reduced specific viscosity
• Cationic charge density determined by titration, or cationic demand value
• pH of the solution at a specified concentration
• Appearance and color
• Residual monomer and dimethylamine content
• Density
• Quality grade: drinking water, industrial, cosmetic or research
• For drinking water applications, EN 1408 compliance and relevant national or international certificates, for example listings under NSF/ANSI/CAN 60
• For cosmetic applications, the INCI name Polyquaternium-6 and relevant documents
• Technical data sheet (TDS)
• Safety data sheet (SDS)
• Certificate of analysis (COA)
• Production and batch information
• Origin information
• Packaging type and net quantity
• Storage conditions and shelf life
• Environmental classification and regulatory compliance information
Some parameters have limited meaning for Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride. Properties specific to solid raw materials, such as active oxygen, bulk density, particle size and insoluble matter, are not applicable to products in aqueous solution form; for powder grades, however, moisture and particle size gain importance. Limits for parameters such as iron, heavy metals and chloride are meaningful only in special grades such as drinking water or cosmetic grades, where these values are specified.
In quality control, molecular weight and residual monomer are of great importance. The viscosity, flocculation behavior and dosing requirement of two products with the same solids content can be very different from each other. In drinking water applications, residual monomer and low molecular weight impurities are monitored for both health and NDMA formation potential.
The EN 1408 standard covers the definition, requirements and test methods of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride used in drinking water treatment; the 2023 edition of the standard has replaced the previous edition.
The COA shows the analysis results of a specific batch of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride. The TDS describes the general technical properties of the product and its recommended areas of use. The SDS contains safe handling, transport, storage and emergency information. These documents do not replace one another; they should be evaluated together. The manufacturer’s typical values should be distinguished from the binding product specification; the limit values accepted in the contract or order document should be written clearly.
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride solution should be stored under the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, in a cool and well-ventilated area, in its tightly closed original packaging. It is recommended to protect the product from freezing, excessive heat and direct sunlight.
Suppliers generally state a shelf life of approximately 24 months under suitable conditions; the exact shelf life is given in the product’s TDS and COA. For products with no stated shelf life or that have been stored for a long time, parameters such as solids content, viscosity and pH should be checked before use.
In powder grades, because of their hygroscopic nature, it is important to protect the packaging from moisture and to close it tightly after use.
The product should be stored separately from strong oxidizing agents.
Since mixing with anionic surfactants and anionic polymers may cause precipitation, cross-contamination with these products should be prevented in storage and dosing equipment. Some SDS state incompatibility with iron, steel, copper, copper alloys and aluminum; storage tank, pipe, pump and gasket materials should be selected according to the SDS and manufacturer recommendations; suitable plastic or lined equipment is mostly preferred.
Suppliers generally offer the product in polyethylene drums of approximately 125–300 kg, 1,000 kg IBC containers or smaller packaging, and powder grades in 25 kg bags and drums. Because the product is viscous, slow flow and residue in the packaging may occur during discharge and pumping; this should be taken into account when designing the dosing system.
In transport, Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride solution is stated in the SDS of many suppliers as a product not regulated as dangerous goods. However, the transport classification of formulations classified as environmentally hazardous may differ; the current transport classification and packaging requirements should be checked in the supplier’s SDS.
In the event of a spill, since the floor may become slippery, the spread of the product should be prevented; the liquid should be taken into closed containers with a suitable inert absorbent or by pump, and it should be prevented from reaching sewers and surface waters. Cleaning should be carried out according to the procedures given in the SDS.
SAFETY INFORMATION FOR POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
The safe use of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride depends on the current SDS of the supplied product and on the application of appropriate occupational safety measures. Classification varies according to the supplier and product quality. In the SDS of many suppliers, aqueous Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride solution is stated as a product that does not fall under the definition of a hazardous substance according to available data; in some SDS the H412 statement indicating long-term harm to aquatic life appears, and in some sources an H410 / H412 classification.
In some products offered as laboratory reagents, the statements H315, H319 and H335, indicating skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation, may appear. For this reason, it should not be assumed that the safety information of different manufacturers or different grades is the same.
In terms of health, contact of the aqueous solution with the eyes may cause mild irritation; irritation may be seen with prolonged contact. Absorption through the skin is stated to be unlikely and it is generally stated not to irritate the skin. In powder grades, inhalation of dust should be avoided. Safety assessments in the cosmetic field report that the product is considered safe under current conditions of use; however, this assessment does not apply to industrial grade products.
Recommended personal protective measures include safety goggles with side protection, chemical-resistant gloves, suitable work clothing and good ventilation. Having an eye wash station in the work area is recommended. In case of eye contact, rinse with plenty of water for at least several minutes and remove contact lenses if present. In case of skin contact, wash the area with water. If symptoms persist, medical help should be sought.
Since the product is an aqueous solution, it is not flammable; however, when heated or during a fire, harmful gases such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride may form. In case of fire, an extinguishing agent suitable for the surrounding fire should be used and equipment with respiratory protection should be worn; details should be checked in the SDS.
In terms of the environment, cationic polymers can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms such as fish, invertebrates and algae. In a screening assessment carried out in Canada, it was concluded that the polyamine group, including Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride, quickly forms colloidal solids in water in the natural environment and that, because its bioavailability would remain limited, it is expected to show moderate to low toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Even so, uncontrolled discharge from the product and from wastewaters containing the product is a situation to be avoided; the product should not be released into sewers, soil or surface waters, and waste disposal should be carried out in accordance with local legislation and the SDS.
In drinking water applications there are also public health dimensions such as residual monomer and NDMA formation potential; these topics are covered in the section “Points to Note in the Use of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride.”
In terms of regulation, polymers have historically been kept outside the REACH registration and evaluation system; however, obligations relating to the monomer used in the product, residual substances and product composition should be evaluated separately. The current regulatory status and applicable obligations concerning REACH, KKDİK in Türkiye and other national regulations should be followed from official sources and supplier documents.
WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN PURCHASING POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE?
The first step in the supply of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is to clarify for what purpose and in which system the product will be used. The quality criteria sought for drinking water treatment, wastewater, paper, textile, oilfield, mining, cosmetic or research applications are not the same.
Stating the area of use, the desired molecular weight class, the solids content and the quality standard in the purchase request, rather than writing only “Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride” or “PolyDADMAC,” makes it easier to evaluate the right product.
The following information should be clarified before purchase:
• Sector of use and final application
• Distinction between homopolymer, copolymer or monomer
• Desired product form, liquid or powder, and solids content
• Desired viscosity and molecular weight class
• Residual monomer and dimethylamine limits, especially for drinking water and cosmetics
• Desired quality class, standards and certificates, for example EN 1408 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 60
• INCI and regulatory documents for cosmetic applications
• Requirement for manufacturer and origin information
• Desired packaging type and quantity: drum, IBC or bag
• TDS, SDS and COA needs
• Technical specifications of the current product if a substitution is to be made
• Dosing equipment and storage tank materials
The price of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride may vary according to molecular weight class, solids content, quality grade and certificates, origin, the raw material costs of allyl chloride and dimethylamine and energy costs, packaging, order quantity, freight and current market conditions.
Since the product is sold as an aqueous solution, when making a price comparison the cost per active polymer and the dosing requirement should be evaluated together, rather than the product price per unit weight. For this reason, the current price should be evaluated through a quotation together with the product specification and delivery terms.
SUPPLY OF POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE FROM ATAMAN KİMYA
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is an important cationic polyelectrolyte evaluated for different technical functions such as coagulation, charge neutralization, anionic contamination control, fixation and antistatic action in water and wastewater treatment, paper, textile, oilfield, mining and cosmetic applications.
It is important for businesses planning to purchase the product to clarify, before ordering, the quality suited to the area of use, the technical properties and the necessary documents.
Companies wishing to obtain information about the supply of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride from Ataman Kimya can request information on product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and a price quotation by sharing their areas of use and technical needs.
The current stock status, origin, quality grade, technical properties, packaging and specifications of the product should be confirmed with Ataman Kimya before ordering.
Sharing the following information in the quotation request makes it easier to evaluate the right Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride product:
• Sector of use and final application
• Requested product form and solids content
• Requested molecular weight class and viscosity range
• Residual monomer and impurity limits
• Process or formulation information used
• Requested quality standard and certificates
• Estimated order quantity
• Desired packaging type
• Requested technical documents
• TDS or COA information of the current product, if any
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
What is Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is a water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte with high charge density, the homopolymer of the diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomer, carrying one quaternary ammonium group in each repeating unit. It is used as a coagulant in water treatment, in paper, textile and oilfield applications, and in cosmetics under the name Polyquaternium-6.
What does Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride mean?
Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride is a chemical name made up of the expressions “poly,” meaning many repeats, “diallyl,” two allyl groups, “dimethyl,” two methyl groups, and “ammonium chloride,” a quaternary ammonium salt. It describes the substance formed by the polymerization of the monomer diallyldimethylammonium chloride.
What is the CAS number of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
The CAS number for Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is 26062-79-3. The CAS number of the monomer diallyldimethylammonium chloride is 7398-69-8.
What is the chemical formula of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
The chemical formula of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is (C₈H₁₆NCl)ₙ; the molecular weight of the repeating unit is approximately 161.67 g/mol. The total molecular weight of the polymer varies from a few thousand to approximately one million g/mol depending on the product.
What is the INCI name of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
The INCI name of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride used in cosmetic products is Polyquaternium-6.
Is Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride used in cosmetics?
Yes. Cosmetic grade Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is used under the name Polyquaternium-6, especially in hair care products, as an antistatic, film-forming and conditioning agent.
It is stable at high pH and in oxidizing media; however, it can precipitate with anionic surfactants. Conditions of use and labeling requirements should be checked against current cosmetic legislation; industrial grades should not be used in cosmetics.
What is the difference between Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride and polyamine?
Both are cationic organic coagulants. Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is obtained by radical polymerization of the diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomer and generally has a higher molecular weight; polyamines, on the other hand, are produced by the condensation of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine and generally have a lower molecular weight.
In water disinfected with chloramine, both polymers can be NDMA precursors. The choice is made according to the characteristics of the water and the process objective.
What is Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride used for?
It is used in water and wastewater treatment for the removal of turbidity, color and organic matter; in papermaking for anionic contamination and pitch control; in textiles for dye fixation; in the oilfield for clay stabilization; in mining for solid-liquid separation; and as a conditioning agent in hair care products.
In which sectors is Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride used?
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride can be used in the sectors of water and wastewater treatment, paper and pulp, textile, oil and gas, mining, cosmetics and personal care, coating and surface treatment, and laboratory and research.
How does Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride bring about coagulation?
The positive charges on the chain of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride adsorb onto the surface of negatively charged colloidal particles in water and neutralize the surface charge. The electrostatic repulsion between particles decreases; the particles come together to form flocs and settle. In high molecular weight products, bridging and sweeping effects also contribute.
What does Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride do?
By neutralizing negatively charged particles and anionic contaminants, it performs functions such as coagulation, fixation, clay stabilization and static charge removal.
How does Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride work in papermaking?
It fixes the anionic colloidal and dissolved substances in the wet end of the paper machine, that is, pitch, latex and anionic contamination, onto the fiber by charge neutralization. In this way, cationic demand and filtrate turbidity decrease, deposit formation is limited and the effectiveness of other additives is preserved.
Is Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride soluble in water?
Yes. Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is soluble in water in all proportions; it can also dissolve in some polar solvents such as methanol. Concentrated solutions have high viscosity.
How much Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is used in water treatment?
The dose varies according to the turbidity of the water, the amount of organic matter, pH, the molecular weight of the product and its solids content. The correct dose should be determined by jar tests and field trials. In drinking water, the maximum dose limits stated for certified products must be observed; these limits vary by product.
Is Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride a hazardous substance?
In the SDS of many suppliers, aqueous Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride solution is not classified as a hazardous substance; in some SDS, however, the H412 statement indicating harm to aquatic life appears. It may cause mild irritation in the eyes. Appropriate protective equipment should be used and the current SDS should be taken as the basis.
Why can Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride pose a risk to aquatic organisms?
Because of their positive charges, cationic polymers can bind to negatively charged biological surfaces such as fish gills and algal cell surfaces. Although the bioavailability of the polymer is limited in natural waters because most of it quickly binds to colloidal solids, uncontrolled discharge should be avoided.
Is Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride registered under REACH?
Polymers have historically been kept outside the REACH registration and evaluation system; however, obligations relating to the monomer, residual substances and product composition should be evaluated separately. The current status should be verified from ECHA and from the supplier’s regulatory compliance documents.
What is the physical appearance of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
It is generally a viscous aqueous solution ranging from colorless to light yellow. Powder grades also exist.
What is the UN number of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride solution is stated in the SDS of many suppliers as a product not regulated as dangerous goods, and in this case no UN number is assigned. The current transport classification should be checked in the supplier’s SDS.
Why are residual monomer and dimethylamine important in Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
Residual monomer and dimethylamine are low molecular weight impurities. Dimethylamine is a precursor that contributes to NDMA formation in water disinfected with chloramine; low molecular weight polymer fractions also contribute disproportionately to NDMA formation. For this reason, residual levels are monitored in drinking water and cosmetic use.
What does the price of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride depend on?
The price of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride varies according to molecular weight class, solids content, quality grade and certificates, origin, raw material and energy costs, packaging, order quantity, freight and market conditions.
Is there an alternative to Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
Epi-DMA polyamines, inorganic coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride, alum and ferric chloride, cationic polyacrylamides and chitosan can be considered as alternatives in certain applications. In cosmetics, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-10 and guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride can serve similar functions. The choice should be made according to the targeted performance and the system.
How should Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride be stored?
It should be stored in a cool and well-ventilated area, in its tightly closed original packaging, away from freezing, excessive heat, strong oxidizers and anionic substances. Tank and equipment materials must be compatible according to the SDS.
Which documents should be requested when purchasing Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
TDS, SDS and COA are the basic documents. In addition, origin information, EN 1408 compliance and relevant certificates for drinking water applications, cosmetic grade and regulatory documents for cosmetic applications, and REACH / KKDİK and other regulatory compliance information can be requested.
Which technical properties are important when purchasing Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride?
Solids content, viscosity, molecular weight class, cationic charge density, pH, residual monomer and dimethylamine content, appearance and quality grade are important depending on the intended use.
POLYDIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride, in Turkish polidialildimetilamonyum klorür, is a cationic polyelectrolyte that is the homopolymer of the diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomer, has the formula (C₈H₁₆NCl)ₙ, dissolves in water in all proportions and has a high charge density. It may be searched for under names such as polyDDA and Poly-DMDAAC; in cosmetic products the INCI name Polyquaternium-6 is used.
Thanks to its structure made up of five-membered pyrrolidinium rings and its permanent positive charge independent of pH, the polymer neutralizes negatively charged particles and anionic substances. It is generally offered as a viscous aqueous solution ranging from colorless to light yellow, at a solids content of approximately 10–50% by weight; its molecular weight varies from a few thousand to approximately one million depending on the product.
CAS No 26062-79-3 is used for Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride. It is important to check from the documents whether the product is a homopolymer, a copolymer or a monomer.
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride is used mainly in drinking water and wastewater treatment, in anionic contamination control in papermaking, in textile dye fixation, in clay stabilization in the oilfield, in mining and in hair care products. Performance is determined together with molecular weight, solids content, dose, the chemistry of the water or stock, and the other substances used with it. In quality control, solids content, viscosity, pH, molecular weight or charge density, and residual monomer and dimethylamine content are the critical parameters.
The product should be stored in a cool, freeze-protected and well-ventilated environment, in its original packaging, separately from strong oxidizers and anionic substances. Although it is not classified as a hazardous substance in the SDS of many suppliers, some SDS state that it is harmful to aquatic life; in drinking water systems disinfected with chloramine, the risk of NDMA formation should be evaluated separately. The current SDS should be taken as the basis.
Companies planning to supply Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride from Ataman Kimya are advised to share their area of use, requested product form and solids content, molecular weight class, impurity limits, quality standard, quantity and technical document needs, and to confirm current product, stock, origin, packaging and quotation information.
