POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 4000

Chemical name: Polyethylene glycol 4000
Ec number: 500-038-2
Physical property: Liquid
Chemical Formula: HO (CH2CH2O) nH

PEG 4000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is widely used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.
PEG 4000 is used as an emulsifier, lubricant and mold release agent in a wide variety of industries.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used as solvent, dispersant. It is used as a viscosity adjuster. It is used in the rubber industry. It is used as a plasticizer, dehumidifier and impregnation agent. It is used as a lubricant and mold release agent. It is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. PEG 4000 is used in electroplating processes. Solid detergent concentrates crayon paints are used in watercolors.
Polyethylene glycol production first started in 1859. Both AV Laurence and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated the products with polyethylene glycols.
Polyethylene glycol is produced by interaction with polyethylene oxide, water, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol oligomers. The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Polyethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferred as a starting material instead of water, as they allow the production of polymers with low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants.
Alkaline catalysts are used to prepare a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
Since PEG 4000 is a hydrophilic molecule, it is used to inactivate microscope glass slides to prevent non-specific adhesion of proteins in single molecule fluorescence studies.
Polyethylene glycol has low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in polymer, aqueous and non-aqueous media.
Because PEG 4000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to generate very high osmotic pressures.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is widely used as a heat transfer fluid in electronic test equipment as well as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography.
PEG is often used in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern that allows accurate and repeatable adjustment. PEG derivatives such as narrow field ethoxylates are used as surfactants. PEG 4000 was used as a hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to form some polymers. PEG is the basis for a number of preparations. It is used for whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and additional electrolytes, bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When bound to various protein drugs, polyethylene glycol allows the transported protein to slow down in the blood. PEG 4000 is widely used as a crowding agent in in vitro experiments to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.
PEG 4000 is commonly used as a precipitate for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of proteins.
PEG 4000 is used to fuse two different types of cells, mostly B-cells and myelomas, to form hybridomas.
Polyurethanes derived from PEG polyols provide flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam pillows.
In microbiology, PEG precipitation is used to concentrate viruses.
Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) are coated with PEG to protect them from being inactivated by the immune system, and can remove them from organs and prevent them from being targeted where they could be toxic.
Nitrate ester plasticized polyethylene glycol Trident II submarine launch ballistic missile is used in solid rocket fuel.
Dimethyl ethers of PEG are the key component of Selexol, a solvent used by coal combustion, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream.
PEG 4000 was used as a gate insulator in an electric double layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.
PEG 4000 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the world are researching solid polymer electrolytes containing PEG to improve their properties and allow the use of other products in batteries, electrochromic display systems and other products.
PEG 4000 is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment. PEG 4000 is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics. PEG 4000 is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (often combined with glycerin). PEG is used as a dispersant in a number of toothpastes. In this application, polyethylene glycol binds water and helps the xanthan gum to be evenly distributed throughout the toothpaste. PEG 4000 is also being studied in body armor and tattoos used to monitor diabetes.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used in Hewlett-Packard design jet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for printheads in low molecular weight formulations.
Polyethylene glycol macrogol used in bowel cleansing before colonoscopy is effective in chronic constipation use.
Peg 4000 is toxic if swallowed. Polyethylene glycol is the most important glycol available and produced in the world. Peg 4000 can be used in the production of an antifreeze and coolant, hydraulic fluids and low-freezing dynamites and resins.
Polyethylene glycol is a polyether compound with many applications. It can be used in industrial and pharmaceutical production.
PEG is the basis for a number of preparations. Peg 4000 is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products.
Low molecular weight variants of polyethylene glycol are used as solvents in oral fluids and soft capsules.
Polyethylene glycol 4000, while its solid variants are used as ointment bases, tablet binders, film coatings and lubricants.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 enhances recovery from spinal injuries in dogs. Polyethylene glycol 4000 will aid nerve repair.
In recent years, polyethylene glycol has been proven to give better results than tegaserod in constipation patients.
Polyethylene glycol can be used to create very high osmotic pressures with its flexible, water-soluble polymer feature. In polyethylene glycol, there is no possibility of specific interaction with biological chemicals. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemical experiments, especially when using the osmotic stress technique.
Polyethylene glycol is produced to meet the requirements for use under food. Peg 4000 is used in the Regulations for additives for indirect use as components of articles intended to be used in contact with food.
PEGs are hydrophilic substances commonly used in various formulations. Liquid PEG is well suited for water-miscible solvents in soft gelatin capsules, while high-molecular PEGs work in solid dosage forms to provide binding and lubricating functions.
Peg 4000 is a softening and mold release agent. Peg 4000 It is a water-soluble carrier material. It provides a moisture-balancing effect in creams and leaves a pleasant feeling on the skin.
Polyethylene glycol can be used in transparent toothpastes. Peg 4000 is well compatible with cetyl alcohol, glycerol, stearic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, casein and vegetable albumin. Peg 4000 Does not show emulsifying effect. A long chain polyethylene glycol is available in a wide variety of molecular weights. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) humectant, moisturizing and dispersing agent, petroleum based; Used in cream ointment, cosmetics and hair care products. Polyethylene glycol does not hydrolyze or degrade at low vapor pressures. The density of the ink can be controlled using a mixture of solid and liquid PEG grades. PEG varieties can be used as solvents for basic dyes in flexographic inks. Similarly, polyethylene glycol 4000 can be used as a solvent and dispersant medium in liquid and pulp pigment preparations, dough thickeners in textiles, paint and saramic industries.
Polyethylene glycol is a substance commonly used in antifreeze and anti-icing agents.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is the most important glycol product used in the chemical industry.
When polyethylene glycol 4000 is mixed with water, its melting point drops even more. It can compound with water, alcohol, acetone. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is insoluble in ether. It is soluble in most organic solvents. After ethylene is passed through chlorinated water, ethylene chlorohydrin is formed. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is hydrolyzed with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution. Another method is chemical treatment of ethylene oxide with cold and dilute hydrochloric acid.
PEG is the preferred material when vegetable oils are incompatible with active ingredient carriers. The main reason for this is that the PEG 4000 is stable and not easily degraded, and the injection containing PEG is safe and stable when heated to 150 degrees. In addition, high molecular weight (PEG) can be mixed and the mixture has good solubility and good drug compatibility.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is suitable for use in stencil and pad inks. It can also be used to adjust the viscosity of the ink in ballpoint pen inks. It is used as a dispersant to increase vulcanization in the rubber industry. It is used as a dispersant for carbon black filler.
PEG-4000 is used for tablets, capsules, film coatings, drops pills, suppositories and the like.
Also used as a water-soluble ointment and suppository matrix, the matrix of high relative molecular weight solid waxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to increase PEG viscosity and low molecular weight liquid to solid and other drugs. PEG 4000, water insoluble drugs, this product can be used as solid dispersant carrier to obtain solid dispersion.

PEG 4000 is used in the papermaking industry as a finishing agent to increase the brightness and smoothness of the paper; It is used as a lubricant and coolant in the metal processing industry, as a dispersant and emulsifier in the production of pesticides and pigments, to increase the lubricity and plasticity of rubber products, reduce power consumption in the processing process, extend the service life of rubber products.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 does not belong to hazardous chemicals. Store in a cool, dry and ventilated place. Avoid moisture, direct sunlight and collision.
PEG can be turned into dry preparations with the help of organic objects (fresh preparations, long immersion in water). Originally moist objects (in water, alcohol or formalin) are soaked either for a long time or in a vacuum in a PEG solution.
Thanks to the use of different PEG molecule sizes, most of the original liquid is replaced by PEG. In modern animal preparation, a mixing process is used due to shrinkage due to the drying process, where conventional preparation methods are included.