POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 4000

Ec number: 500-038-2

Physical property: Liquid

Chemical Formula: HO (CH2CH2O) nH

Because polyethylene glycol 4000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is widely used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used as an emulsifier, lubricant and mold release agent in a wide variety of industries. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used as a solvent, dispersant. It is used as a viscosity adjuster. It is used in the rubber industry. It is used as a plasticizer, dehumidifier and impregnation agent. It is used as a lubricant and mold release agent. It is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used in electroplating processes. Solid detergent concentrates crayons are used in watercolors.
Polyethylene glycol production first started in 1859. Both AV Laurence and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated the products with polyethylene glycols.

Polyethylene glycol is produced by interaction with polyethylene oxidized, water, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol oligomers. The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Polyethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferred as a starting material instead of water, as they allow the production of polymers with low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants.

Alkaline catalysts are used to prepare a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). Because polyethylene glycol is 4000 hydrophilic molecules, it is used to passivate microscope glass slides to prevent non-specific adhesion of proteins in single molecule fluorescence studies.

Polyethylene glycol is low in toxicity and is used in a variety of products. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used as a lubricating coating for a variety of surfaces in polymer, aqueous and non-aqueous environments. Because polyethylene glycol 4000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is widely used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. Polyethylene glycol is often used in mass spectrometry experiments with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing for accurate and repeatable adjustment.
Polyethylene glycol derivatives such as narrow field ethoxylates are used as surfactants. Polyethylene glycol 4000 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to form some polymers. Polyethylene glycol is the basis of a series of laxatives. It is used for whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and additional electrolytes, bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy.

Polyethylene glycol is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When bound to various protein drugs, polyethylene glycol allows the transported protein to be slowed in the blood. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is widely used as a crowding agent in in vitro experiments to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 is commonly used as a precipitate for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. KS-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of proteins. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used to fuse two different types of cells, mostly B-cells and myelomas, to form hybridomas.

Polyurethanes derived from polyethylene glycol polyols add flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam pillows. In microbiology, polyethylene glycol precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) are coated with polyethylene glycol to protect them from being inactivated by the immune system, and can remove them from organs and prevent them from being targeted where they might have toxic effects.

Nitrate ester plasticized polyethylene glycol Trident II submarine launch ballistic missile is used in solid rocket fuel. Dimethyl ethers of polyethylene glycol are the main component of Seleksol, a solvent used by coal combustion, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 was used as a gate insulator in an electric double layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the world are researching solid polymer electrolytes containing polyethylene glycol to improve their properties and allow the use of other products in batteries, electrochromic display systems, and other products.
Polyethylene glycol 4000 is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment.

Polyethylene glycol4000 is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (often combined with glycerin). Polyethylene glycol is used as a dispersant in a number of toothpastes. In this application, polyethylene glycol binds water and helps to keep xanthan gum evenly distributed throughout the toothpaste.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 is also being studied in body armor and tattoos used to monitor diabetes. Polethylene glycol 4000 is used in Hewlett-Packard design jet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for printheads in low molecular weight formulations. Polyethylene glycol macrogol used in bowel cleansing before colonoscopy is effective in chronic constipation use. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is toxic if ingested. Polyethylene glycol is the most important glycol available and produced in the world. Polyethylene glycol 4000, It can be used in the production of an antifreeze and coolant, hydraulic fluids and low-freezing dynamites and resins.
Polyethylene glycol is a polyether compound with many applications. It can be used in industrial and pharmaceutical production.

Polyethylene glycol is the basis for a number of laxatives. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. Low molecular weight variants of polyethylene glycol are used as solvents in oral liquids and soft capsules. Polyethylene glycol 4000, solid variants, are used as ointment bases, tablet binders, film coatings and lubricants. Polethylene glycol 4000 enhances recovery from spinal injuries in dogs. Polethylene glycol 4000 will aid nerve repair.

In recent years, polyethylene glycol has been proven to give better results than tegaserod in constipation patients. Polyethylene glycol can be used to create very high osmotic pressures with its flexible, water-soluble polymer feature. In polyethylene glycol, there is no possibility of specific interaction with biological chemicals. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemical experiments, especially when using the osmotic stress technique.

Polyethylene glycol is produced to meet the requirements for use under food. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used in Additive Regulations for indirect use as components of articles intended to be used in contact with food.
Polyethylene glycols are hydrophilic substances commonly used in various formulations. Liquid polyethylene glycol is well suited for water-miscible solvents in soft gelatin capsules, while high-molecular polyethylene glycols work in solid dosage forms to provide binding and lubricating functions.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 is a softening and mold release agent. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is a water-soluble carrier material. It provides a moisture-balancing effect in creams and leaves a pleasant feeling on the skin. Can be used in transparent toothpastes. It is well matched with polyethylene glycol 4000, cetyl alcohol, glycerol, stearic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, casein and vegetable albumin. Polyethylene glycol 4000 Does not have emulsifying effect.
A long chain polyethylene glycol is available in a wide variety of molecular weights.

Polyethylene glycol moisture scavenger, moisturizing and dispersing agent, petroleum-based; Used in cream ointment, cosmetics and hair care products.
Polyethylene glycol does not hydrolyze or degrade at low vapor pressures. The density of the ink can be controlled by using a mixture of solid and liquid polyethylene glycol types. Polyethylene glycol varieties can be used as solvents for basic dyes in flexographic inks. Similarly, polyethylene glycol 4000 can be used as a solvent and dispersant medium in liquid and pulp pigment preparations, dough thickeners in textiles, paint and saramic industries.

Polyethylene glycol is a substance commonly used in antifreezes and anti-icing agents. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is the most important glycol product used in the chemical industry. When polyethylene glycol 4000 is mixed with water, its melting point drops further. May form compounds with water, alcohol, acetone. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is insoluble in ether. It is soluble in most organic solvents. After ethylene is passed through chlorinated water, ethylene chlorohydrin is formed. Polyethylene glycol 4000 is hydrolyzed with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution. Another method is chemical treatment of ethylene oxide with cold and dilute hydrochloric acid.

Polyethylene glycol is the preferred material when vegetable oils are not compatible with active ingredient carriers. The main reason for this is that polyethylene glycol 4000 is stable and does not degrade easily and the injection containing polyethylene glycol is safe and stable when heated to 150 degrees. In addition, high molecular weight polyethylene glycol can be mixed and the mixture has good solubility and good drug compatibility.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 is suitable for use in stencil and pad inks. It can also be used to adjust the viscosity of the ink in ballpoint pen inks. It is used as a dispersant to increase vulcanization in the rubber industry. It is used as a dispersant for carbon black filler.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used for tablets, capsules, film coatings, drops pills, suppositories and the like. Also used as a water-soluble ointment and suppository matrix, the matrix of high relative molecular weight solid waxy polyethylene glycol is used to increase the viscosity of polyethylene glycol and low molecular weight liquid to solid and other drugs. Polyethylene glycol 4000, water insoluble drugs, this product can be used as solid dispersant carrier to obtain solid dispersion.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 is used in the papermaking industry as a finishing agent to increase the brightness and smoothness of the paper; It is used as a lubricant and coolant in the metal processing industry, as a dispersant and emulsifier in the production of pesticides and pigments, to increase the lubricity and plasticity of rubber products, reduce power consumption in the processing process, extend the service life of rubber products.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 does not belong to hazardous chemicals. Store in a cool, dry and ventilated place. Avoid moisture, direct sunlight and collision. Polyethylene glycol can be turned into dry preparations with the help of organic objects (fresh preparations, soaked in water for a long time). Originally moist objects (in water, alcohol or formalin) are soaked either for a long time or in vacuum in a polyethylene glycol solution.

Thanks to the use of different Polyethylene glycol molecular sizes, most of the original liquid is replaced by Polyethylene glycol. In modern animal preparation, a mixing process is used due to shrinkage due to the drying process, where conventional preparation methods are included.