PRODUCTS

POLYETHYLENIMINE

CAS Number: 9002-98-6
Molecular Formula: C24H63N13

Polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyaziridine is a polymer with repeating units composed of the amine group and two carbon aliphatic CH2CH2 spacers.
Linear polyethyleneimines contain all secondary amines, in contrast to branched PEIs which contain primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups.
Totally branched, dendrimeric forms were also reported.
The linear PEIs are solids at room temperature while branched PEIs are liquids at all molecular weights.

Linear polyethyleneimines are soluble in hot water, at low pH, in methanol, ethanol, or chloroform.
Linear polyethyleneimines are insoluble in cold water, benzene, ethyl ether, and acetone.
Linear polyethyleneimines have a melting point of 73–75 °C.
Linear polyethyleneimines can be stored at room temperature.
Polyethylenimine is produced by the acid-catalyzed homopolymerization of ethylenimine.

The polymerized material is cross-linked with ethylene dichloride to give the 40,000 to 60,000 molecular-weight substance utilized in enzyme immobilization.
Linear polyethylenimine or PEI is a high-charge cationic polymer that readily binds highly anionic substrates.
Branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) is a polymer with repeating units composed of ethylene diamine groups.
BPEIs contain primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups.
Primary amines on the BPEI are used to covalently link BPEI to carboxyl functionalized nanoparticles to generate a robust

BPEI surface that is highly positively charged.
Applications of BPEI:
-Stable in combination with other positively charged particles
-Layer by layer construction of nanoparticle surfaces
-Binding to negatively charged substrates or larger particles
-Color engineering

USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
-Polyethylenimine is produced on an industrial scale and finds many applications usually derived from PEIs polycationic character.
-Polyethyleneimine finds many applications in products like: detergents, adhesives, water treatment agents and cosmetics.
-Owing to PEIs ability to modify the surface of cellulose fibres, PEI is employed as a wet-strength agent in the paper-making process.

-Polyethylenimine is also used as flocculating agent with silica sols and as a chelating agent with the ability to complex metal ions such as zinc and zirconium.
-Attachment promoter:
Polyethyleneimines are used in the cell culture of weakly anchoring cells to increase attachment.
PEI is a cationic polymer; the negatively charged outer surfaces of cells are attracted to dishes coated in PEI, facilitating stronger attachments between the cells and the plate.

-Transfection reagent:
Poly(ethylenimine) was the second polymeric transfection agent discovered, after poly-l-lysine.
PEI condenses DNA into positively charged particles, which bind to anionic cell surface residues and are brought into the cell via endocytosis.
Once inside the cell, protonation of the amines results in an influx of counter-ions and a lowering of the osmotic potential. Osmotic swelling results and bursts the vesicle releasing the polymer-DNA complex (polyplex) into the cytoplasm.
If the polyplex unpacks then the DNA is free to diffuse to the nucleus.

-Permeabilization of gram negative bacteria:
Poly(ethylenimine) is also an effective permeabilizer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
-Strongly cationic polymer that binds to certain proteins; used as a marker in immunology, to precipitate and purify enzymes and lipids.
-Both linear and branched polyethylenimine have been used for CO2 capture, frequently impregnated over porous materials.

-Ethylenimine polymers (PEIs) belong to one of the most efficient family of cationic compounds for delivery of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells.
The high transfection efficiencies are obtained even in the absence of endosomolytic agents such as fusogenic peptides or chloroquine, which is in contrast to most of the other cationic polymers.
Polyethylenimine has been hypothesized that the efficiency of PEI is due to PEI's capacity to buffer the endosomes.
-Polyethylenimine is an immobilizing agent used in the production of enzyme preparations for food processing.
-Polyethylenimine is also used in food packaging materials.

-Linear PEI is a cationic polymer commonly used for complexing DNA into nanoparticles for cell-transfection and gene-therapy applications.
The polymer has closely-spaced amines with weak-base protonation capacity, and a hydrophobic backbone that is kept unaggregated by intra-chain repulsion.
-Industrially, linear PEI can improve the appearance of negatively charged dyes by modulating their properties and improving their adherence to surfaces.

SYNTHESIS of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
Branched PEI can be synthesized by the ring opening polymerization of aziridine.
Depending on the reaction conditions different degree of branching can be achieved.
Linear PEI is available by post-modification of other polymers like poly(2-oxazolines) or N-substituted polyaziridines. Linear PEI was synthesised by the hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)[6] and sold as jetPEI.
The current generation in-vivo-jetPEI uses bespoke poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) polymers as precursors.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
Molecular weight: 25,000
Soluble in: hot water, cold water at low pH, methanol and ethanol
Insoluble in: benzene, ethyl ether and acetone
Melting point:59-60°C
Boiling point:250 °C(lit.)
Density 1.030 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure 9 mmHg ( 20 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.5290
Flash point:>230 °F
storage temp. 2-8°C
form Liquid
color Pale yellow
Specific Gravity1.045 (20/4℃)
PHpH(50g/l, 25℃) : 10～12
Water Solubility Soluble in water.
Sensitive Hygroscopic

Appearance Form: liquid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 0,997 g/cm3
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available

FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
*Appropriate engineering controls
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

*Eye/face protection:
Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

*Respiratory protection:
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
-Precautions for safe handling
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C
Moisture sensitive.
Air sensitive.
Handle and store under inert gas.

FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information: No data available

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYETHYLENIMINE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

SYNONYMS:
POLYETHYLENIMINE
N'-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl-[2-[bis(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethyl-[2-[2-[bis(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethylamino]
ethyl]amino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine
SCHEMBL17017081
ZINC219031137
AS-76654
aziridine polymer
Epamine
Epomine
ethylenimine polymer
Montrek
PEI
Polymin(e)