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Polyglycol 4000 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
Polyglycol 4000 can occur as a solid at ambient temperatures.
Polyglycol 4000 has very low water content, good biodegradability and is compatible with hard water.
CAS Number: 25322-68-3
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)nH2O
EINECS Number: 500-038-2
Synonyms: Reaction mass of 156065-02-0 and 25322-68-3 and 68937-54-2, 937-250-3, 1,2-ethanediol, homopolymer, 2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-Poly(oxy-1, Alcox E 160, Alcox E 30;alcoxe30, Poly(ethylene oxide), approx. M.W. 600,000, Poly(ethylene oxide), approx. M.W. 200,000, Poly(ethylene oxide), approx. M.W. 900,000
A liquid Polyglycol 4000 used as an antifoam agent in a wide variety of industries, including latex formulations, paper and pulp processing, emulsion paints, food production and mining.
Polyglycol 4000 is also an all round non-toxic general purpose defoamer.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in Electroplating processes.
Polyglycol 4000 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms.
Polyglycol 4000 used in medicines for treating disimpaction and maintenance therapy for children with constipation
Polyglycol 4000 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.
Polyglycol 4000 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization.
X-ray diraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins.
Polyglycol 4000 as being an addition polymer of ethylene oxide and water.
Polyglycol 4000 are liquids; grades 1000 and above are solids at ambient temperatures.
Liquid grades (PEG 200–600) occur as clear, colorless or slightly yellow-colored, viscous liquids.
They have a slight but characteristic odor and a bitter, slightly burning taste.
Solid grades (PEG>1000) are white or off-white in color, and range in consistency from pastes to waxy flakes.
Grades of Polyglycol 4000 and above are available as freeflowing milled powders.
Any of several condensa-tion polymers of ethylene glycol with thegeneral formula HOCH2(CH2OCH2)nCH2OH orH(OCH2CH2)nOH.
Average molecular weightsrange from 200 to 6000 properties vary with molec-ular weight.
A structure-directing agent to synthesize iron vanadate (FeVO4) nanoparticles via co-precipitation method.
An organic additive to prepare crystalline nanorods of calcium tungstate (CaWO4) using calcium chloride and sodium tungstate via solvothermal process.
A surface modifier in the synthesis of calcium peroxide nanoparticles using CaCl2 as a precursor via hydrolysis-precipitation method.
A green solvent in combination with H2O in the preparation of 4-sulfanylcoumarins by sulfanylation of 4-tosyloxycoumarins with thiourea and alkyl halides.
The ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide is readily effected by a variety of ionic reagents and several types of polymer have been prepared.
For commercial purposes, poly(ethylene oxide)s of low molecular weight and of very high molecular weight are of interest.
Polyglycol 4000s of low molecular weight, i.e. below about 3000, are generally prepared by passing ethylene oxide into ethylene glycol at 120-150C and about 0.3 MPa (3 atmospheres) pressure, using an alkaline initiator such as sodium hydroxide.
Anionic polymerization proceeds according to the following scheme:
The polymers produced by these methods are thus terminated mainly by hydroxy groups (a few unsaturated end-groups are also formed) and are often referred to as poly(ethylene glycol)s.
A clear, viscous liquid linear polymer produced by controlled, catalysed reaction between propylene oxide and water.
The letter P and the number 4000 indicate that the polymer is propylene oxide based and that the approximate average molecular weight is 4000.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
The structure of PEG is (note the repeated element in parentheses): H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH
Hemolysis could occur when the concentration is more than 40% (V/V).
Polyglycol 4000 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer with an average molecular weight of 200 g/mol.
Polyglycol 4000 functions as an outstanding solubilizer for hexachlorophene and dimethyl phthalate azulene.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in toothpaste where it improves consistency and storage stability.
Polyglycol 4000 can also be used in bath oils and foam baths to assist the solubilizing action of the active substances for perfum.
Polyglycol 4000 has a shelf life of 2 years.
Polyglycol 4000 is a liquid PEG excipient grade product, produced under IPEC GMP conditions.
Polyglycol 4000 is specied according to the requirements of the main international ICH guidelines and monographs.
Polyglycol 4000 is clear viscous liquid at room temperature.
Melting point: 64-66 °C
Boiling point: >250°C
Tg: -67
Density: 1.27 g/mL at 25 °C
Bulk density: 400-500kg/m³
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.469
Flash point: 270 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: waxy solid
Color: White to very pale yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.128
pH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Viscosity: 1,650-3,850cp (1% solution @ 25°C)
Viscosity: 11cs (99°C)
Viscosity: 4.5cs (99°C)
Viscosity: 5,500-8,000cp (1% solution @ 25°C)
Viscosity: 6cs (99°C)
Viscosity: 7.4cs (99°C)
Viscosity: 750cp (5% solution @ 25°C)
Viscosity: 75cp (5% solution @ 25°C)
Viscosity: 8,000cs (99°C)
Viscosity: 8,800-17,600cp (5% solution @ 25°C)
Viscosity: 93cs (99°C)
Biological source: synthetic (organic)
Water solubility: Soluble in water.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.6
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.3
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7568
α-end: hydroxyl
Ω-end: hydroxyl
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -0.698 at 25℃
Surface tension: 43.5mN/m at 20°C
Polyglycol 4000 can be supplied in tank trucks or in steel drums.
Polyglycol 4000's two hydroxy end groups as well as its ether groups mainly control the physical and chemical properties of Pol.
Therefore Polyglycol 4000 is soluble in water and polar organic solvents like aceton or methanol.
Polyglycol 4000 is insoluble in pure hydrocarbons.
Polyglycol 4000 displays typical chemical reactions of alc ohols/diols.
The solidication point, of Polyglycol 4000 is about 50°C.
Besides standard grade Polyglycol 4000 special quality Polyglycol 4000 USP with very low concentration of monoethylenglycol a diethyleneglycol for pharamaceutical applications is available.
Polyglycol 4000s are made of condensed ethylene oxide and water.
They are widely used in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners.
Polyglycol 4000 is often used as a defoaming agent, lubricant and viscosity modifier.
It is also used as a coating for fresh fruit, as a solvent in metal working fluids, as a binder and modifier in latex paints, and as a humectant in inks and abrasives.
Polyglycol 4000, Solid detergent concentrates are used in crayons and watercolors.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as a humectant, wetting and dispersing agent.
Polyglycol 4000 is a petroleum-based product
Polyglycol 4000 is used in the manufacture of creams and ointments.
Polyglycol 4000 is an ingredient used in cosmetics and hair care products.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in a number of toothpastes as a dispersant.
Polyglycol 4000 is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.
Polyglycol 4000 is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks.
Polyglycol 4000 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes.
Polyglycol 4000, also known as Polyethylene Glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), is a high molecular weight polymer belonging to the polyethylene glycol (PEG) family.
Polyglycol 4000 has a molecular weight of approximately 4000 g/mol, making it significantly heavier than lower molecular weight PEGs like PEG 200 or PEG 400.
At room temperature, Polyglycol 4000 is typically a white, waxy solid that melts into a viscous liquid when heated.
It is a water-soluble compound with a wide range of applications due to its biocompatibility, solubility, and ability to form stable, non-toxic solutions.
Its high molecular weight gives it unique characteristics, such as greater viscosity, which makes it particularly suitable for applications where thickening, lubricating, or moisture retention is needed.
Polyglycol 4000 are products made of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can contain various derivatives and have various functions.
Because many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as enhancers of penetration, and used heavily in topical dermatological preparations.
Polyglycol 4000, along with their many nonionic derivatives, are widely utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners.
Polyglycol 4000 is a low-molecular-weight grade of polyethylene glycol with a low-level toxicity.
Polyglycol 4000 is very hydrophilic, which renders it a useful ingredient in drug formulations to augment the solubility and bioavailability of weakly water-soluble drugs.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in ophthalmic solutions for the relief of burning, irritation and/or discomfort that follows dryness of the eye 7.
PEG "400" indicates that the average molecular weight of the specic PEG is 400 10.
Polyglycol 4000ylation occurs when PEGs are attached to numerous protein medications, allowing for greater solubility for selected drugs.
Examples of PEGylated medications are PEG-interferon alpha (Pegintron) and PEG-lgrastim.
In addition, PEG is available as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy procedures and as a laxative 10 Polyglycol 4000 is also known as polyoxirane (PEO).
Polyglycol 4000 is a linear polyether obtained by ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide.
The main uses in the eld of biomedicine are as follows: Contact lens liquid.
The viscosity of polyethylene glycol solution is sensitive to the shear rate and it is not easy for bacteria to grow on polyethylene glycol.
The condensation polymer of ethylene oxide and water.
Polyglycol 4000 is a cream matrix for preparing water-soluble drugs.
Polyglycol 4000 can also be used as a solvent for acetylsalicylic acid and caeine, which is dicult to dissolve in water.
Drug sustained-release and immobilized enzyme carrier.
The polyethylene glycol solution is applied to the outer layer of the pill to control the diusion of drugs in the pill so as to improve the ecacy.
Surface modication of medical polymer materials.
The biocompatibility of medical polymer materials in contact with blood can be improved by adsorption, interception and grafting of two amphiphilic copolymers containing polyethylene glycol on the surface of medical polymers.
Polyglycol 4000 can make the membrane of the alkanol contraceptive pill.
It can make hydrophilic anticoagulant polyurethane
Polyglycol 4000 S is a white waxy solid flaked type polyethylene glycol at room temperature.
Polyglycol 4000 is soluble in water and polar organic solvents like acetone or methanol.
Polyglycol 4000 is insoluble in pure hydrocarbons and displays typical chemical reactions of alcohols/diols.
Polyglycol 4000 is recommended as a plasticizer, lubricant, solvent, and humectant across a wide range of industries.
Polyglycol 4000 is a polyethylene glycol-based solvent, humectant and plasticizer.
Polyglycol 4000 possesses very low water content and excellent solubility in water.
This grade is used in paints and coatings.
Uses Of Polyglycol 4000:
Polyglycol 4000 is often used in oral medications as a binder, emulsifier, or vehicle to deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Polyglycol 4000 also plays a role in topical formulations, such as creams and ointments, providing smooth application and enhancing viscosity.
Polyglycol 4000 is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products like shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and moisturizers.
Its ability to thicken formulations and enhance moisture retention makes it a key ingredient for improving the feel and stability of these products.
Due to its high viscosity, Polyglycol 4000 is used in industrial lubricants and cutting fluids to reduce friction and wear in machinery, especially in high-pressure or high-temperature environments.
While less commonly used in food applications compared to lower-molecular-weight PEGs, Polyglycol 4000 can serve as a lubricant or emulsifier in food processing, particularly in the creation of certain processed foods or candy coatings.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in paints, coatings, and inks as a viscosity modifier and emulsifying agent, improving the consistency and performance of these products.
Due to its high molecular weight, Polyglycol 4000 is sometimes used in controlled-release drug formulations or delivery systems, where it helps to regulate the release of active ingredients over time.
One of the key applications of Polyglycol 4000 is in the formulation of controlled-release drugs.
Due to its high molecular weight and viscosity, it can be used as a binder or matrix in tablet formulations, where it helps to slow the release of active ingredients, ensuring a more steady and prolonged therapeutic effect over time.
Polyglycol 4000 is used to improve drug bioavailability by enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds.
In the topical pharmaceutical industry, Polyglycol 4000 is commonly used in the formulation of ointments, creams, and gels.
Its viscous nature helps create smooth, easy-to-apply products, while also helping to retain moisture and improve the stability of the active ingredients.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in treating skin conditions and as an emollient to soothe and protect the skin.
While Polyglycol 3350 is more commonly known for its laxative uses, Polyglycol 4000 can also serve as a base in oral laxative formulations.
Its high molecular weight and water-retaining properties help improve bowel movement by increasing the water content in the stool, leading to easier and more comfortable passage of stool in individuals suffering from constipation.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in the formulation of certain wound care products as a protective barrier and moisture-retaining agent.
This can aid in the healing process by keeping the wound hydrated and preventing it from drying out, thus reducing the risk of scarring.
Polyglycol 4000 is commonly found in moisturizing lotions and creams, where it serves as a humectant.
Its ability to attract and retain moisture helps keep the skin hydrated and soft.
This makes it an excellent ingredient in skin care products designed to combat dryness or dehydration.
In hair care products, Polyglycol 4000 functions as a viscosity modifier and thickening agent.
Polyglycol 4000 helps give shampoos and conditioners a smooth texture, enhancing the spreadability of the product when applied to hair.
Polyglycol 4000s moisture-locking properties also contribute to healthy, shiny hair by preventing excessive dryness.
Polyglycol 4000 is often used in facial creams, body lotions, and gels.
It is a stabilizer in emulsions (mixtures of oil and water) and helps to maintain the texture and integrity of the product, ensuring it remains uniform and effective over time.
This is particularly useful in anti-aging creams or other products containing active ingredients that require stable formulations.
Polyglycol 4000 is included in the formulation of lip balms and lip glosses.
It provides a moisturizing effect while giving a smooth and shiny finish.
Polyglycol 4000 also contributes to the product's spreadability and ensures that the lip product remains hydrating throughout the day.
Polyglycol 4000 is also used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems in with application towards diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods.
Polyglycol 4000 is a binder, coating agent, dispersing agent, flavoring adjuvant, and plasticizing agent that is a clear, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid resembling paraffin (white, waxy, or flakes), with a ph of 4.0–7.5 in 1:20 concentration.
Polyglycol 4000 is soluble in water (mw 1,000) and many organic solvents.
Polyglycol 4000 is a binder, solvent, plasticizing agent, and softener widely used for cosmetic cream bases and pharmaceutical ointments.
Polyglycol 4000s are quite humectant up to a molecular weight of 500 beyond this weight, their water uptake diminishes.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as a dough thickener in the textile industry.
They can be used as solvent and dispersant media in the paint and ceramic industry.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as a solvent and dispersant.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as a viscosity adjuster.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in the Rubber industry.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as a plasticizer, dehumidier and impregnation agent.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as a lubricant and a mold release agent.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Polyglycol 4000 is used in Electroplating processes.
Used in conjunction with carbon black to form a conductive composite.
Polymer nanospheres of poly(ethylene glycol) were used for drug delivery.
Polyglycol 4000 is also known as polyoxirane (PEO).
Polyglycol 4000 is a linear polyether obtained by ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide.
The main uses in the field of biomedicine are as follows: Contact lens liquid.
The viscosity of Polyglycol 4000 solution is sensitive to the shear rate and it is not easy for bacteria to grow on polyethylene glycol.
Polyglycol 4000 is a key ingredient in the production of industrial lubricants and cutting fluids.
Its ability to reduce friction and prevent wear and tear on metal parts is critical in industries such as machinery, automotive, and engineering.
It helps maintain operating temperatures in equipment, making it particularly effective in high-performance systems.
Polyglycol 4000 is often used as a viscosity modifier in paint and coating formulations.
It helps improve the spreadability and application of paints, and in some cases, it can also improve the stability and texture of the coating, preventing separation of components and enhancing the final finish.
Polyglycol 4000 is used as a plasticizer in the production of certain polymers and plastics.
It reduces the rigidity of materials, increasing their flexibility and durability.
This application is particularly useful in products like PVC (polyvinyl chloride), where the material's brittleness needs to be reduced.
In the textile industry, Polyglycol 4000 serves as a softening agent and lubricant during the dyeing and finishing processes.
It ensures that fabrics remain soft, pliable, and resistant to damage during processing.
Polyglycol 4000 also helps to improve the flow properties of dyes and finishes, ensuring uniform application.
Safety Profile Of Polyglycol 4000:
Polyglycol 4000s are widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations.
Generally, they are regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials.
Polyglycol 4000 is considered non-irritating to the skin and is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
However, prolonged or repeated exposure to large quantities could potentially cause mild skin irritation or dryness, especially in individuals with sensitive skin.
Polyglycol 4000 is advisable to wear protective gloves when handling large amounts of Polyglycol 4000 to prevent prolonged contact, especially in industrial settings.
Direct contact with the eyes may result in temporary irritation, such as redness, watering, or discomfort.
However, it is not considered a severe irritant.
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes if irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Polyglycol 4000 is a low-volatility substance, meaning it does not produce harmful fumes or vapors under normal conditions.
However, if it is heated or aerosolized, inhaling the mist or dust could cause mild respiratory irritation, particularly in confined or poorly ventilated spaces.
Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where Polyglycol 4000 is heated or aerosolized.
If necessary, use respiratory protection to avoid inhaling airborne particles.
