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POLYHEXAMETHYLENE GUANIDINE

Polyhexamethylene guanidine was first synthesized and characterized by ICI in England in the 1950s in the search for new malaria drugs.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine quickly became apparent that Polyhexamethylene guanidine was not very effective against malaria, but had a very good antimicrobial effect against a broad germ spectrum.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine has since been successfully used in extremely different concentrations as a disinfectant in industrial processes and as a preservative in cosmetic and medical products.

CAS Number: 28757-47-3
EC Number: 923-111-4
Molecular Formula: C8H19N5

Synonyms: Polyhexamethylene biguanide, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, Baquacil, Cosmocil, Lavasept, Phmb Polymer, Polyhexamethylene guanidine, Polyhexamethylene guanidine Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylene Biguanide), Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hydrochloride, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) Hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylen-biguanide, Polyhexamethylenbiguanid, Polyhexamethylenbiguanide, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride, Vantocil, Vantocil Ib Of Vantocil

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene guanidine renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is available also as a solid.
The antibacterial and antibacterial effect is stronger than alcohol, and is safer than hypochlorite water and Polyhexamethylene guanidine is stronger than hypochlorous acid water.
The disinfecting power when diluted 5 times longer is the same level as a general alcohol disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is an unusual water-soluble polymer with five nitrogen atoms in each repeating unit, three of them in the polymer’s backbone.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine was first described in late 1960s in British, French, and South African patents to Imperial Chemical Industries (London).

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is mainly used, which is mild and safe, and the sterilization rate is more than 99.9%.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine was first synthesized and characterized by ICI in England in the 1950s in the search for new malaria drugs.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine quickly became apparent that Polyhexamethylene guanidine was not very effective against malaria, but had a very good antimicrobial effect against a broad germ spectrum.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine has since been successfully used in extremely different concentrations as a disinfectant in industrial processes and as a preservative in cosmetic and medical products.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is one of the many antiseptics available in the medicine.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine stands out from the others with Polyhexamethylene guanidine's numerous advantages.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine has a low toxicity factor, chemical stability, and bactericidal effect on most microorganisms.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is a chemical product created at the end of the 1950s and used since the 1970s in the formulation of certain biocides.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is found in particular to kill microbes such as bacteria and viruses or fungi in water in the form of Polyhexamethylene guanidine salt, a pesticide that can be used as a swimming pool disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is a stable and therefore persistent product that remains effective in the presence of UV light and at different pH values.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is non-oxidising, cationic in solution in water and can be an alternative to other cationic biocidal treatments based on quaternary ammonium or chlorine.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is a polymer widely used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is commonly found in wound care products, contact lens solutions, and swimming pool disinfectants.

Uses of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used for analytical purpose only.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Biocide in personal hygiene products, contact lens solutions, industrial disinfectants, textiles, and household products; preservative in cosmetics.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms:
Infection
Infections

Polyhexamethylene guanidine has been used in trials studying the treatment, prevention, and supportive care of Caries, Neoplasm, Skin Diseases, Nail Diseases, and Dental Plaque, among others.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is an antimicrobial agent active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used in antiseptic, disinfectant and cosmetics.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae).
Polyhexamethylene guanidine a powerful antimicrobial agent that can reduce bioburden.

Rinsing liquid Polyhexamethylene guanidine, in closed rinsing system; for decolonization and maintenance of an indwelling catheter.
A sterile, closed rinsing system consisting of a bag, a hose, a universal connector and roller clamp and filled with rinsing fluid containing 0.02% Polyhexamethylene guanidine.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine removes biofilm (coating on the catheter) and prevents the biofilm from forming again quickly.
The universal connector is sterile and has a protective cap.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Products containing Polyhexamethylene guanidine are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is mainly used, which is mild and safe, and the sterilization rate is more than 99.9%.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine can effectively kill bacteria and viruses in the air.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
Wet tissues, contact lens cleaning solution, cosmetics / disinfecting hospitals and kitchens, everyday cleaning in kitchens, and food processing factories.

Control water quality of attractions in pools, hot springs and theme parks.
In Japan, there are many people think that Polyhexamethylene guanidine is highly reliable for alcohol, and even kills viruses with alcohol.
Guess that one factor of Polyhexamethylene guanidine's authenticity is perhaps because Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used in medical institutions.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is a highly disinfecting and antibacterial agent that is widely used in Europe and America and is widely used in Europe.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine has been proven to be the most effective in terms of safety and antibacterial strength without chlorine or alcohol.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is chlorine and alcohol free, the most irritating and hazard relief of common disinfectants.
In orthopedic and trauma surgery, the most frequently used antiseptic is Polyhexamethylene guanidine.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine's favored application is based on prepossessing tissue compatibility in contrast to various antiseptics and a high antimicrobiological effect.
Use of a Polyhexamethylene guanidine based multipurpose contact lens solution (MPS) has been linked to low-grade corneal staining.

Since Polyhexamethylene guanidine's inception, Polyhexamethylene guanidine and Polyhexamethylene guanidine's hydrochloride salt1 have been used for a wide range of sanitizing purposes.
Examples are protecting crops from molds and bacteria in the field and in storage, preserving meat and fish products, and sanitizing swimming pools.

In medicine, Polyhexamethylene guanidine has been used primarily for treating keratitis (corneal infection), but also for dressing wounds.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine can effectively kill bacteria and viruses in the air and purify indoor air

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used for wound irrigation for acute and chronic skin wounds.
Preservatives in cosmetics.

Medical devices for wound cleansing and MRSA decontamination
Medicament for wound antiseptics

Disinfection solutions for contact lenses
Disinfection of swimming and bathing water

Various industrial applications:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used in many areas of medicine, veterinary medicine, gastronomy, and industry.
The application of Polyhexamethylene guanidine in the treatment of chronic wounds allows for fast regeneration and reduced time of wound treatment and hospitalization.

According to the Recommendations of the Polish Wound Treatment Society, Polyhexamethylene guanidine is recommended in treatment of critically colonized wounds, wounds at risk infection, burns, and decontamination of acute and chronic wounds, and as second choice in infected wounds.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.

Some products containing Polyhexamethylene guanidine are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, scopy, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is also found in some medicines in the form of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.
Acne, disinfection of surgical wounds and/or in veterinary treatments can be treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide salts.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine is also used for cleaning and disinfecting objects, surfaces or premises, including in hospitals.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is important that health personnel have the best possible basis for choosing an antiseptic.

Other Uses:

Medical:

Wound Care:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used in dressings and wound irrigation solutions to prevent and treat infections.

Contact Lens Solutions:
Acts as a disinfectant to prevent microbial contamination.

Surgical Scrubs and Hand Sanitizers:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used in formulations to maintain hygiene and prevent infections.

Consumer Products:

Disinfectants:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used in surface disinfectants for homes and healthcare facilities.

Personal Care Products:
Found in some cosmetics and skin care products for its preservative properties.

Industrial:

Water Treatment:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is used in swimming pools and spas to control microbial growth.

Cooling Towers:
Helps prevent microbial contamination in industrial water systems.

Typical Properties of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:

Chemical Structure:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is a polymer composed of repeating biguanide units linked by hexamethylene chains.

Antimicrobial Action:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine disrupts microbial cell membranes, leading to cell death.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is effective at low concentrations and has a high safety profile for human cells.

Stability:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine is stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH levels, making it versatile for various applications.

Handling And Storage of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:

Handling:
Wash after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

Stability And Reactivity of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:

Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Hazardous Polymerization:
Has not been reported.

First Aid Measures of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:

Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.

Skin:
Removing contaminated clothing and shoes.

Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.

Fire Fighting Measures of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:

General Information:

Extinguishing Media:
In case of fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam.

Accidental Release Measures of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:

Spills/Leaks:
Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:

Personal Protective Equipment:

Eyes:
Wear safety glasses.

Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves.

Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin.

Identifiers of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:
IUPAC Name: Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride
CAS Number: 32289-58-0
Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n.xHCl
Molecular Structure: Repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide, typically shown with brackets to indicate the polymeric nature.

Properties of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:
Molecular Weight: 185.27
Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 347.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 59.2±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 164.1±23.2 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.550
Molar Refractivity: 51.1±0.5 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 5
#H bond donors: 6
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
#Rule of 5 Violations: 1

XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 185.16404563
Monoisotopic Mass: 185.16404563
Topological Polar Surface Area: 103 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 181

Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Odorless
pH Value (1% Solution): 4.0 – 6.0
Melting Point, °C: Not determined
Boiling Point, °C: 102 – 105°C
Flash Point: Not applicable
Ignition Temperature, °C: Product is not self-igniting

Flammability, °C:
Lower Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Upper Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C: 23 hPa
Density @ 20°C: 1.030 – 1.060
Solubility/Miscibility In Water: Fully miscible
Partition Coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Solids Content, %: 19 – 21

Specifications of Polyhexamethylene guanidine:
ACD/LogP: 1.36
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00
Polar Surface Area: 103 Å2
Polarizability: 20.2±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 45.7±7.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 160.2±7.0 cm3

Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow aqueous solution or white powder.
Odor: Odorless or slight characteristic odor.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water.
pH (1% solution): Typically around 6-7.
Density: Approximately 1.0 - 1.1 g/cm³ for solutions.
Viscosity: Low to moderate, depending on concentration and formulation.
Molecular Weight: Variable (average molecular weight around 2,000 - 20,000 Daltons, depending on the degree of polymerization).
Concentration: Common concentrations range from 0.02% to 20% w/v, depending on the application.