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Polyhexanide is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
Polyhexanide is an unusual water-soluble polymer with five nitrogen atoms in each repeating unit, three of them in the polymer’s backbone.
Polyhexanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
CAS Number: 28757-47-3
Molecular Formula: C8H19N5.ClH
Molecular Weight: 221.734
Synonyms: Polihexanide, PHMB, Polyhexanide, 322U039GMF, Polihexanidum, Cosmoquil CQ, Prontoderm, Prontosan, Reputex 20, Trigene, Vantocil 1B, Vantocil TG, Vantosan, Caswell No. 676, Disinfecting Wet Wipe, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 111801, PHMB Disinfectant, PP 073, Polihexanido, Proxel IBCN Reputex 20CN Trigene, DTXSID2035726, Disposable Spray Disinfectant, HBA Anti bacterial Liquid, HBA Sanitary Wipes, HSDB 8471, MICROCARE MBG, PHMB polymer, POLIHEXANIDE (MART.), PURISTA, Polihexanido (INN-Spanish), Polihexanidum (INN-Latin), UNII-4XI6112496, poly(hexamethylene biguanide), polyhexamethylen-biguanide, polyhexamethylenbiguanid, polyhexamethylenbiguanide.
Polyhexanide was first described in late 1960s in British, French, and South African patents to Imperial Chemical Industries (London).
Since its inception, Polyhexanide and its hydrochloride salt1 have been used for a wide range of sanitizing purposes.
The Polyhexanide hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Polyhexanide is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. This article discusses the use of the substance as an antiseptic.
Polyhexanide is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.
Polyhexanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Examples are protecting crops from molds and bacteria in the field and in storage, preserving meat and fish products, and sanitizing swimming pools.
In medicine, Polyhexanide has been used primarily for treating keratitis (corneal infection), but also for dressing wounds.
Polyhexanide has an incredible advantage over other microbicide substances: it has the highest therapeutic ratio (TB).
In other words, the relationship between the benefit and harm is mostly on the benefit side.
Polyhexanide is a topical medication used to cleanse and moisten acute and chronic skin wounds.
Available as a solution to irrigate wounds or as a gel that can be applied on wounds, betaine/polyhexanide is a combination of two medications that helps soften encrusted wounds, prevent wound infections and promote the healing of chronic or infected wounds that don’t heal.
Wounds may be caused by surgery, trauma, or as a result of diseases such as diabetes.
The disruption of the skin/internal tissues and the contact with the external environment may lead to microbial infection.
Wound dressings are capable of providing a protective barrier and accelerate the wound healing process
Polyhexanide, also known as PHMB, Polyhexamethylene guanidine, is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexanide renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
Polyhexanide is available also as a solid.
The antibacterial and antibacterial effect is stronger than alcohol, and is safer than hypochlorite water and Polyhexanide is stronger than hypochlorous acid water.
The disinfecting power when diluted 5 times longer is the same level as a general alcohol disinfectant.
Polyhexanide is an unusual water-soluble polymer with five nitrogen atoms in each repeating unit, three of them in the polymer’s backbone.
Polyhexanide was first described in late 1960s in British, French, and South African patents to Imperial Chemical Industries (London).
Polyhexanide is mainly used, which is mild and safe, and the sterilization rate is more than 99.9%.
Polyhexanide was first synthesized and characterized by ICI in England in the 1950s in the search for new malaria drugs.
Polyhexanide quickly became apparent that polyhexanide was not very effective against malaria, but had a very good antimicrobial effect against a broad germ spectrum.
Polyhexanide has since been successfully used in extremely different concentrations as a disinfectant in industrial processes and as a preservative in cosmetic and medical products.
Polyhexanide is one of the many antiseptics available in the medicine.
Polyhexanide is composed of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide, giving it a polymeric structure.
Polyhexanide has been used in trials studying the treatment, prevention, and supportive care of Caries, Neoplasm, Skin Diseases, Nail Diseases, and Dental Plaque, among others.
Polyhexanide is an antimicrobial agent active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Polyhexanide is used in antiseptic, disinfectant and cosmetics.
Polyhexanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae).
Polyhexanide a powerful antimicrobial agent that can reduce bioburden.
Rinsing liquid polyhexanide, in closed rinsing system; for decolonization and maintenance of an indwelling catheter.
A sterile, closed rinsing system consisting of a bag, a hose, a universal connector and roller clamp and filled with rinsing fluid containing 0.02% PHMB.
Polyhexanide, also known as polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), is a polymeric compound used for its antimicrobial properties.
In dermatological use, it is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under the names Lavasept, Tebasept, Prontosan.
Polyhexanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Products containing PHMB are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.
Polyhexanide is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Polyhexanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 347.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 59.2±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 164.1±23.2 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.550
Molar Refractivity: 51.1±0.5 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 5
#H bond donors: 6
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
#Rule of 5 Violations: 1
Polyhexanide is used for pre-operative skin disinfection and in surgical environments to maintain asepsis.
Included in contact lens cleaning solutions due to its antimicrobial properties, ensuring lenses are free from harmful microorganisms.
Polyhexanide is used as a biocide to control algae and bacterial growth, ensuring water is safe and clean.
Helps prevent the buildup of biofilms and controls microbial contamination in cooling towers and other industrial water systems.
Added to cosmetics and personal care products to prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life.
Incorporated in disinfecting wipes for personal hygiene and cleaning surfaces.
Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting sprays and wipes to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in critical areas.
General Cleaning: Effective for sanitizing surfaces in homes, offices, and public spaces.
Polyhexanide is generally considered safe for use in the concentrations typically found in consumer and medical products.
Polyhexanide is approved by various regulatory agencies:
Registered for use as a disinfectant and biocide in the United States.
Approved for use in medical devices and wound care products.
Approved for similar uses in Europe.
Effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
Safe for human cells at recommended concentrations.
Does not damage surfaces or materials it comes into contact with.
Suitable for use in medical applications due to its compatibility with human tissues.
Although rare, there is a possibility of microbial resistance with prolonged use.
May be more expensive than other biocides and disinfectants, depending on the formulation and application.
Polyhexanide removes biofilm (coating on the catheter) and prevents the biofilm from forming again quickly.
The universal connector is sterile and has a protective cap.
Polyhexanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Polyhexanide is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
Polyhexanide hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Polyhexanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Products containing Polyhexanide are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.
Polyhexanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexanide is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.
Polyhexanide is mainly used, which is mild and safe, and the sterilization rate is more than 99.9%.
Polyhexanide can effectively kill bacteria and viruses in the air.
Polyhexanide is used in wound care products, such as disinfectants and antiseptic solutions, due to its ability to prevent infections.
Polyhexanide is utilized in swimming pools, hot tubs, and industrial water systems to control microbial growth.
Included in some contact lens cleaning solutions and cosmetics for its preservative qualities.
Employed in disinfecting wipes and sprays for cleaning and sanitizing surfaces in various settings.
Polyhexanide is known for its high efficacy at low concentrations and its relatively low toxicity to human cells, making it suitable for use in medical and personal care products.
Polyhexanide works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
Approved for use in various applications by health and safety regulatory bodies around the world, including the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the United States.
Polyhexanide is classified as category 2 carcinogen by the European Chemical Agency, but it is still allowed in cosmetics in small quantities if exposure by inhalation is impossible.
In May 2024, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Akantior, intended for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis, a severe, progressive and sight threatening corneal infection characterized by intense pain and photophobia.
Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare disease primarily affecting contact lens wearers.
Polyhexanide consists of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide, forming a polymeric structure.
Polyhexanide is typically available in aqueous solutions, where it is dissolved in water.
These solutions are usually clear and colorless.
Polyhexanide acts by binding to the negatively charged cell membranes of microorganisms, disrupting their integrity and causing leakage of cellular contents, which leads to cell death.
This action makes it effective against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
Polyhexanide is commonly used in wound irrigation solutions, gels, and dressings to prevent infection and promote healing.
Products like Prontosan are widely used in hospitals for wound management.
Uses Of Polyhexanide:
Polyhexanide is used to disinfect food processing equipment and surfaces to ensure food safety and prevent contamination.
Used for cleaning and treating wounds in animals to prevent infection.
Used in cleaning solutions for veterinary clinics and animal shelters to maintain a sanitary environment.
Polyhexanide is used in sanitizing solutions for food processing equipment to ensure safety and hygiene.
Applied to disinfect surfaces in food preparation areas to prevent contamination.
Incorporated into packaging materials to extend the shelf life of perishable goods by preventing microbial growth.
Polyhexanide is used in the manufacturing of various products to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Applied in industrial cooling systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.
Polyhexanide is used in cleaning and disinfecting HVAC systems to improve air quality and prevent the spread of airborne pathogens.
Applied in mold remediation products to eliminate mold and mildew in buildings.
Studied for use in developing antimicrobial coatings for medical devices and implants.
Explored in research for its potential use in controlled drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility.
Included in travel-sized disinfectant sprays and wipes for personal use during travel.
Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting solutions for gym equipment, yoga mats, and other recreational gear.
Applied in cleaning solutions for optical lenses and electronic devices to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexanide is marketed under various brand and product names, including:
For wound care and irrigation.
Polyhexanide is used in hydrogels to keep wounds moist and reduce microbial load, promoting faster healing.
Incorporated in solutions for cleaning chronic wounds, ulcers, and burns.
Used to disinfect medical equipment and surfaces to prevent hospital-acquired infections.
Included in hand sanitizers used by healthcare professionals for effective hand hygiene.
Polyhexanide is used in mouthwashes to reduce oral bacteria and prevent infections, particularly after dental procedures.
Applied in disinfecting solutions for dental instruments and surfaces in dental clinics.
Formulated in antimicrobial body washes for enhanced hygiene.
Polyhexanide is used in antibacterial hand soaps and gels for everyday use.
Incorporated into deodorants to control bacterial growth and reduce body odor.
Included in baby wipes for gentle and effective cleansing while preventing rashes and infections.
Polyhexanide is used in cleaning and disinfecting products to maintain hygiene in schools, daycare centers, and other institutions.
Applied in disinfecting solutions for buses, trains, and other public transport vehicles to control the spread of pathogens.
Included in household disinfectants for cleaning various surfaces like countertops, sinks, and floors.
Formulated in bathroom cleaning products to effectively remove and prevent mold, mildew, and bacterial growth.
Applied to hospital linens, curtains, and uniforms to reduce the risk of microbial transmission.
Polyhexanide is used in athletic clothing to prevent odor-causing bacteria and extend the freshness of garments.
Included in laundry additives to disinfect clothes and prevent the spread of infections through textiles.
Used in products for cleaning and treating wounds in pets, such as dogs and cats.
Applied in disinfectants for treating and preventing infections in farm animals.
Polyhexanide is used in cleaning solutions for veterinary clinics and animal shelters to maintain a sanitary environment.
Used in sanitizing solutions for food processing equipment to ensure safety and hygiene.
Applied to disinfect surfaces in food preparation areas to prevent contamination.
Incorporated into packaging materials to extend the shelf life of perishable goods by preventing microbial growth.
Polyhexanide is used in the manufacturing of various products to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Applied in industrial cooling systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.
Polyhexanide is used in cleaning and disinfecting HVAC systems to improve air quality and prevent the spread of airborne pathogens.
Applied in mold remediation products to eliminate mold and mildew in buildings.
Studied for use in developing antimicrobial coatings for medical devices and implants.
Explored in research for its potential use in controlled drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility.
Included in travel-sized disinfectant sprays and wipes for personal use during travel.
Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting solutions for gym equipment, yoga mats, and other recreational gear.
Applied in cleaning solutions for optical lenses and electronic devices to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexanide is marketed under various brand and product names, including: For wound care and irrigation, For cosmetic and personal care applications, For industrial and institutional disinfection, For skin and wound disinfection.
Used in various public health initiatives to disinfect surfaces and environments to control the spread of infectious diseases.
Included in the manufacturing processes of various products to prevent microbial contamination and extend product life.
Used in disinfecting wet wipes for hands, surfaces, and other uses.
Employed in portable disinfectant sprays for easy and quick disinfection.
Registered and used as a disinfectant and biocide under this code.
Complies with various international standards for use in healthcare, personal care, and other industries.
Used in hydrogels to keep wounds moist and reduce microbial load, promoting faster healing.
Incorporated in solutions for cleaning chronic wounds, ulcers, and burns.
Used to disinfect medical equipment and surfaces to prevent hospital-acquired infections.
Included in hand sanitizers used by healthcare professionals for effective hand hygiene.
Polyhexanide is used in mouthwashes to reduce oral bacteria and prevent infections, particularly after dental procedures.
Applied in disinfecting solutions for dental instruments and surfaces in dental clinics.
Formulated in antimicrobial body washes for enhanced hygiene.
Used in antibacterial hand soaps and gels for everyday use.
Incorporated into deodorants to control bacterial growth and reduce body odor.
Included in baby wipes for gentle and effective cleansing while preventing rashes and infections.
Polyhexanide is used in cleaning and disinfecting products to maintain hygiene in schools, daycare centers, and other institutions.
Applied in disinfecting solutions for buses, trains, and other public transport vehicles to control the spread of pathogens.
Included in household disinfectants for cleaning various surfaces like countertops, sinks, and floors.
Formulated in bathroom cleaning products to effectively remove and prevent mold, mildew, and bacterial growth.
Applied to hospital linens, curtains, and uniforms to reduce the risk of microbial transmission.
Polyhexanide is used in athletic clothing to prevent odor-causing bacteria and extend the freshness of garments.
Included in laundry additives to disinfect clothes and prevent the spread of infections through textiles.
Used in products for cleaning and treating wounds in pets, such as dogs and cats.
Applied in disinfectants for treating and preventing infections in farm animals.
Polyhexanide is used to clean and disinfect wounds, reducing the risk of infection.
Wound Dressings and Gels: Incorporated into dressings and gels (e.g., Prontosan) to promote healing and prevent microbial growth.
Polyhexanide applied to the skin before surgery to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.
Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting wipes and sprays to maintain aseptic conditions in surgical and other critical areas.
Included in solutions for cleaning and disinfecting contact lenses, ensuring they are free from harmful microorganisms.
Controls algae, bacteria, and other microorganisms to maintain clean and safe water.
Prevents the formation of biofilms and controls microbial contamination in cooling towers and other industrial water systems.
Added to products such as lotions, creams, and makeup to prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life.
Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting wipes for personal use to ensure cleanliness and reduce the risk of infection.
Utilized in sprays and wipes to disinfect surfaces in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings.
Effective for sanitizing surfaces in homes, offices, schools, and other public spaces.
Applied to fabrics to provide antimicrobial properties, useful in healthcare uniforms, sportswear, and other applications where hygiene is important.
Safety Profile Of Polyhexanide:
Polyhexanide is important to use adequate ventilation and respiratory protection in environments where PHMB is being aerosolized or sprayed.
Ingestion of Polyhexanide can be harmful and may cause gastrointestinal distress, nausea, and vomiting.
Polyhexanide is important to keep products containing PHMB out of reach of children and to follow safety instructions for use.
Polyhexanide can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially with prolonged exposure or at higher concentrations.
Although rare, some people may develop allergic reactions to PHMB, resulting in redness, itching, and swelling.
Direct contact with the eyes can cause irritation, redness, and discomfort.
Proper protective measures, such as goggles, should be used when handling PHMB solutions.
Inhalation of PHMB dust or mist can irritate the respiratory tract.
